bibliography.bib

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@comment{{Command line: bib2bib -ob bibliography.bib References.bib}}
@mastersthesis{KshamaKodthaluShivashankaraMS2022,
  title = {{Electrocardiogram Image Digitization}},
  author = {Kshama Kodthalu Shivashankara},
  school = {Electrical \& Computer Engineering, Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology},
  year = {2022},
  month = {8},
  note = {Supervised by: Dr. Reza Sameni}
}
@mastersthesis{NajmehKheramMS2019,
  title = {{Modeling and Denoising of Phonocardiogram Signals}},
  author = {Najmeh Kheram},
  school = {Biomedical Engineering, School of Electrical \& Computer Engineering, Shiraz University},
  year = {2019},
  month = {9},
  note = {Supervised by: Dr. Reza Sameni}
}
@mastersthesis{MaryamMaghsoudiMS2019,
  title = {{Tracking and Estimating Biological Branching Structures}},
  author = {Maryam Maghsoudi},
  school = {Biomedical Engineering, School of Electrical \& Computer Engineering, Shiraz University},
  year = {2019},
  month = {9},
  note = {Supervised by: Dr. Reza Sameni}
}
@mastersthesis{ArsalanKazemnejadMS2018,
  title = {{Analysis of Synchronous Electrocardiogram and Phonocardiogram Parameters Extracted from Normal Subjects}},
  author = {Arsalan Kazemnejad},
  school = {Biomedical Engineering, School of Electrical \& Computer Engineering, Shiraz University},
  year = {2018},
  month = {September},
  note = {Supervised by: Dr. Reza Sameni}
}
@mastersthesis{MohammadAliAbbasiMS2015,
  title = {{Design and Implementation of Parametric RTL Tools for Linear Algebraic Calculations}},
  author = {Mohammad-Ali Abbasi},
  school = {Computer Architecture, School of Electrical \& Computer Engineering, Shiraz University},
  year = {2018},
  month = {2},
  note = {Supervised by: Dr. Reza Sameni}
}
@article{pascual1994low,
  title = {Low resolution electromagnetic tomography: a new method for localizing electrical activity in the brain},
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  journal = {IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering},
  title = {{Evaluating the Performance of Kalman-Filter-Based EEG Source Localization}},
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  doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmpb.2006.10.003},
  author = {V.P. Oikonomou and A.T. Tzallas and D.I. Fotiadis},
  keywords = {EEG, Epilepsy, Spike enhancement, Non-stationary signal, Kalman filter},
  abstract = {In this work, we present a methodology for spike enhancement in electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings. Our approach takes advantage of the non-stationarity nature of the EEG signal using a time-varying autoregressive model. The time-varying coefficients of autoregressive model are estimated using the Kalman filter. The results show considerable improvement in signal-to-noise ratio and significant reduction of the number of false positives.}
}
@article{pascual2002standardized,
  title = {Standardized low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (sLORETA): technical details},
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  year = {2000},
  issn = {1070-9908},
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  keywords = {OPAST algorithm;adaptive signal processing;fast estimation;fast orthonormal PAST algorithm;fast tracking;global convergence property;iteration;linear complexity;natural power method;principal components;principal subspace components;projection approximation and subspace tracking;vector sequence;weight matrix;adaptive signal processing;approximation theory;computational complexity;convergence of numerical methods;matrix algebra;parameter estimation;tracking;},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2012.10.22},
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@misc{EPHNOGRAMDataset,
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  title = {{EPHNOGRAM: A Simultaneous Electrocardiogram and Phonocardiogram Database}},
  publisher = {PhysioNet},
  year = {2021}
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}
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  pages = {230--239},
  volume = {12},
  abstract = {Combined EEG/fMRI recording has been used to localize the generators of EEG events and to identify subject state in cognitive studies and is of increasing interest. However, the large EEG artifacts induced during fMRI have precluded simultaneous EEG and fMRI recording, restricting study design. Removing this artifact is difficult, as it normally exceeds EEG significantly and contains components in the EEG frequency range. We have developed a recording system and an artifact reduction method that reduce this artifact effectively. The recording system has large dynamic range to capture both low-amplitude EEG and large imaging artifact without distortion (resolution 2 microV, range 33.3 mV), 5-kHz sampling, and low-pass filtering prior to the main gain stage. Imaging artifact is reduced by subtracting an averaged artifact waveform, followed by adaptive noise cancellation to reduce any residual artifact. This method was validated in recordings from five subjects using periodic and continuous fMRI sequences. Spectral analysis revealed differences of only 10 to 18\% between EEG recorded in the scanner without fMRI and the corrected EEG. Ninety-nine percent of spike waves (median 74 microV) added to the recordings were identified in the corrected EEG compared to 12\% in the uncorrected EEG. The median noise after artifact reduction was 8 microV. All these measures indicate that most of the artifact was removed, with minimal EEG distortion. Using this recording system and artifact reduction method, we have demonstrated that simultaneous EEG/fMRI studies are for the first time possible, extending the scope of EEG/fMRI studies considerably.}
}
@article{Allen98,
  title = {{Identification of EEG Events in the MR Scanner: The Problem of Pulse Artifact and a Method for Its Subtraction}},
  author = {Philip J. Allen and Giovanni Polizzi and Karsten Krakow and David R. Fish and Louis Lemieux},
  journal = {Neuroimage},
  year = {1998},
  month = {October},
  number = {3},
  pages = {229--239},
  volume = {8},
  abstract = {Triggering functional MRI (fMRI) image acquisition immediately after an EEG event can provide information on the location of the event generator. However, EEG artifact associated with pulsatile blood flow in a subject inside the scanner may obscure EEG events. This pulse artifact (PA) has been widely recognized as a significant problem, although its characteristics are unpredictable. We have investigated the amplitude, distribution on the scalp, and frequency of occurrence of this artifact. This showed large interindividual variations in amplitude, although PA is normally largest in the frontal region. In five of six subjects, PA was greater than 50 ?V in at least one of the temporal, parasagittal, and central channels analyzed. Therefore, we developed and validated a method for removing PA. This subtracts an averaged PA waveform calculated for each electrode during the previous 10 s. Particular attention has been given to reliable ECG peak detection and ensuring that the average PA waveform is free of other EEG artifacts. Comparison of frequency spectra for EEG recorded outside and inside the scanner, with and without PA subtraction, showed a clear reduction in artifact after PA subtraction for all four frequency ranges analyzed. As further validation, lateralized epileptiform spikes were added to recordings from inside and outside the scanner: PA subtraction significantly increased the proportion of these spikes that were correctly identified and decreased the number of false spike detections. We conclude that in some subjects, EEG/fMRI studies will be feasible only using PA subtraction.}
}
@book{allen2004signal,
  title = {{Signal analysis: time, frequency, scale, and structure}},
  author = {R. L. Allen and D. W. Mills},
  publisher = {IEEE Press},
  year = {2004},
  isbn = {9780471234418},
  lccn = {2004298648}
}
@article{ACOG2009,
  title = {{ACOG Practice Bulletin No. 106: Intrapartum fetal heart rate monitoring: nomenclature, interpretation, and general management principles}},
  author = {{American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists and others}},
  journal = {Obstetrics and gynecology},
  year = {2009},
  number = {1},
  pages = {192},
  volume = {114},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2016.10.01}
}
@article{Amer-Wahlin2001,
  title = {Cardiotocography only versus cardiotocography plus ST analysis of fetal electrocardiogram for intrapartum fetal monitoring: a Swedish randomised controlled trial},
  author = {Amer-Wahlin, I and Hellsten, C and Noren, H and Hagberg, H and Herbst, A and Kjellmer, I and Lilja, H and Lindoff, C and Mansson, M and Martensson, L and Olofsson, P and Sundstrom, A and Marsal, K},
  journal = {Lancet},
  year = {2001},
  pages = {534--538},
  volume = {358},
  owner = {sameni},
  pubmedid = {11520523},
  timestamp = {2012.10.22},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(01)05703-8}
}
@article{silva2014open,
  title = {{An open-source toolbox for analysing and processing physionet databases in MATLAB and Octave}},
  author = {Silva, Ikaro and Moody, George B},
  journal = {Journal of open research software},
  volume = {2},
  number = {1},
  year = {2014},
  doi = {http://doi.org/10.5334/jors.bi},
  publisher = {NIH Public Access}
}
@article{Amer-Wahlin2005,
  title = {Implementation of new medical techniques: experience from the Swedish randomized controlled trial on fetal ECG during labor},
  author = {Amer-Wahlin, I and Kallen, K and Herbst, A and Rydhstroem, H and Sundstrom, AK and Marsal, K},
  journal = {J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med},
  year = {2005},
  pages = {93--100},
  volume = {18},
  owner = {sameni},
  pubmedid = {16203593},
  timestamp = {2012.10.22},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14767050500233191}
}
@inproceedings{Amini08,
  title = {{MR Artifact Reduction in the Simultaneous Acquisition of EEG and fMRI of Epileptic Patients}},
  author = {L. Amini and R. Sameni and C. Jutten and G.A. Hossein-Zadeh and H. Soltanian-Zadeh},
  booktitle = {{EUSIPCO2008 - 16th European Signal Processing Conf.}},
  year = {2008},
  address = {Lausanne, Switzerland},
  month = {August 25-29},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2008.04.22}
}
@article{Anastassiou2001,
  title = {Genomic signal processing},
  author = {Anastassiou, D.},
  journal = {Signal Processing Magazine, IEEE},
  year = {2001},
  month = {jul.},
  number = {4},
  pages = {8 -20},
  volume = {18},
  issn = {1053-5888},
  keywords = {DNA;DSP;Fourier transforms;agriculture;alphabet size;biomolecular sequence analysis;biomolecular sequences;character strings;color spectrograms;digital filtering;digital signal processing;genomes sequences;genomic information science;genomic information technology;genomic signal processing;living organisms;local texture;medicine;numerical sequences;phase magnitude;protein coding regions;proteins;simulations;DNA;Fourier transforms;digital filters;digital simulation;medical signal processing;molecular biophysics;proteins;sequences;},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/79.939833}
}
@book{AndersonMoore1979,
  title = {{Optimal Filtering}},
  author = {Brian D. O. Anderson and John B. Moore},
  publisher = {{Dover Publications, Inc.}},
  year = {1979},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2009.02.14}
}
@article{AndeSS98,
  title = {Multivariate autoregressive models for classification of spontaneous electroencephalographic signals during mental tasks.},
  author = {C. W. Anderson and E. A. Stolz and S. Shamsunder},
  journal = {IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng.},
  year = {1998},
  month = {Mar},
  number = {3},
  pages = {277--286},
  volume = {45},
  abstract = {This article explores the use of scalar and multivariate autoregressive (AR) models to extract features from the human electroencephalogram ({EEG}) with which mental tasks can be discriminated. This is part of a larger project to investigate the feasibility of using {EEG} to allow paralyzed persons to control a device such as a wheelchair. {EEG} signals from four subjects were recorded while they performed two mental tasks. Quarter-second windows of six-channel {EEG} were transformed into four different representations: scalar AR model coefficients, multivariate AR coefficients, eigenvalues of a correlation matrix, and the Karhunen-Lo�ve transform of the multivariate AR coefficients. Feature vectors defined by these representations were classified with a standard, feedforward neural network trained via the error backpropagation algorithm. The four representations produced similar results, with the multivariate AR coefficients performing slightly better and more consistently with an average classification accuracy of 91.4\% on novel, untrained, {EEG} signals.},
  file = {AndeSS98.pdf:AndeSS98.pdf:PDF},
  institution = {Department of Computer Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins 80523, USA. anderson@cs.colostate.edu},
  keywords = {Electroencephalography; Feasibility Studies; Humans; Mental Processes; Models, Statistical; Multivariate Analysis; Neural Networks (Computer); Regression Analysis},
  owner = {Cedric Gouy-Pailler},
  pmid = {9509744},
  timestamp = {2008.01.17}
}
@article{Andreao2006,
  author = {Andreao, R.V. and Dorizzi, B. and Boudy, J.},
  journal = {Biomedical Engineering, IEEE Transactions on},
  title = {{ECG signal analysis through hidden Markov models}},
  year = {2006},
  issn = {0018-9294},
  month = {aug.},
  number = {8},
  pages = {1541 -1549},
  volume = {53},
  abstract = {This paper presents an original hidden Markov model (HMM) approach for online beat segmentation and classification of electrocardiograms. The HMM framework has been visited because of its ability of beat detection, segmentation and classification, highly suitable to the electrocardiogram (ECG) problem. Our approach addresses a large panel of topics some of them never studied before in other HMM related works: waveforms modeling, multichannel beat segmentation and classification, and unsupervised adaptation to the patient's ECG. The performance was evaluated on the two-channel QT database in terms of waveform segmentation precision, beat detection and classification. Our waveform segmentation results compare favorably to other systems in the literature. We also obtained high beat detection performance with sensitivity of 99.79% and a positive predictivity of 99.96%, using a test set of 59 recordings. Moreover, premature ventricular contraction beats were detected using an original classification strategy. The results obtained validate our approach for real world application},
  keywords = {ECG signal analysis;beat detection;electrocardiogram;hidden Markov model;multichannel beat segmentation;online beat segmentation;signal classification;two-channel QT database;waveform modeling;electrocardiography;hidden Markov models;medical signal detection;medical signal processing;signal classification;waveform analysis;},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TBME.2006.877103}
}
@book{Arce2004,
  title = {{Nonlinear Signal Processing: A Statistical Approach}},
  author = {Gonzalo R. Arce},
  publisher = {John Wiley \& Sons Inc.},
  year = {2004},
  address = {New York},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2008.01.30}
}
@book{arfken2005mathematical,
  title = {Mathematical Methods For Physicists International Student Edition},
  author = {Arfken, G.B. and Weber, H.J. and Harris, F.E.},
  publisher = {Elsevier Science},
  year = {2005},
  isbn = {9780080470696}
}
@article{ABAC99,
  title = {{Improved Estimation of Pericardial Potentials From Body-Surface Maps Using Individualized Torso Models}},
  author = {R. M. Arthur and D. G. Beetner and H. D. Ambos and M. E. Cain},
  journal = {J. of Electrocardiology},
  year = {1999},
  pages = {106--113},
  volume = {31(supp.)}
}
@article{Astrom2000,
  author = {Astrom, M. and Santos, E.C. and S{\"o}rnmo, L. and Laguna, P. and Wohlfart, B.},
  journal = {Biomedical Engineering, IEEE Transactions on},
  title = {Vectorcardiographic loop alignment and the measurement of morphologic beat-to-beat variability in noisy signals},
  year = {2000},
  issn = {0018-9294},
  month = {April},
  number = {4},
  pages = {497-506},
  volume = {47},
  abstract = {The measurement of subtle morphologic beat-to-beat variability in the electrocardiogram (ECG)/vectorcardiogram (VCG) is complicated by the presence of noise which is caused by, e.g., respiration and muscular activity. A method was recently presented which reduces the influence of such noise by performing spatial and temporal alignment of VCG loops. The alignment is performed in terms of scaling, rotation and time synchronization of the loops. Using an ECG simulation model based on propagation of action potentials in cardiac tissue, the ability of the method to separate morphologic variability of physiological origin from respiratory activity was studied. Morphologic variability was created by introducing a random variation in action potential propagation between different compartments. The results indicate that the separation of these two activities can be done accurately at low to moderate noise levels (less than 10 /spl mu/V). At high noise levels, the estimation of the rotation angles was found to break down in an abrupt manner. It was also shown that the breakdown noise level is strongly dependent on loop morphology; a planar loop corresponds to a lower breakdown noise level than does a nonplanar loop.},
  keywords = {electrocardiography, medical signal processing, noise, physiological models10 muV, ECG signal processing, ECG simulation model, action potential propagation, cardiac tissue, electrodiagnostics, morphologic beat-to-beat variability measurement, noisy signals, random variation, respiratory activity, rotation, scaling, time synchronization, vectorcardiographic loop alignment},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2016.10.01},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/10.828149}
}
@inproceedings{Avendano-Valencia2007b,
  title = {Reduction of power line interference on ECG signals using Kalman filtering and Delta operator},
  author = {Avenda{\~{n}}o-Valencia, Luis David and Avenda{\~{n}}o, Luis Enrique and Castellanos-Dom{\'{\i}}nguez, C{\'{e}}sar Germ{\'{a}}n and Villegas-Jaramillo, Eduardo Jos{\'{e}}},
  booktitle = {23rd ISPE International Conference on CAD/CAM robotics and factories of the future 2007},
  year = {2007},
  owner = {DavidAVN},
  timestamp = {2010.08.23}
}
@inproceedings{Avendano-Valencia-2007,
  doi = {10.1109/cic.2007.4745545},
  year = {2007},
  pages = {553 -556},
  month = sep,
  publisher = {{IEEE}},
  author = {Avenda{\~{n}}o-Valencia, Luis David and Avenda{\~{n}}o, Luis Enrique and Ferrero, J.M. and Castellanos-Dom{\'{\i}}nguez},
  title = {{Improvement of an extended Kalman filter power line interference suppressor for {ECG} signals}},
  booktitle = {2007 Computers in Cardiology},
  abstract = {The powerline interference reduction in ECG records is a challenging problem which is still open for research. The powerline signal, measured directly from the transmission line may have amplitude, phase and frequency variations. These reasons make the classical filtering methods sub-optimal in the powerline interference reduction. We propose a tracking method based on Kalman filtering which uses an state space model for the noisy signal and allows adequate discrimination between the ECG signal and the perturbation, even during non-stationarities. The parameters of this algorithm are optimized via genetic algorithms, obtaining a set of values that give it a mean correlation index on the QT database over 0,99.}
}
@inproceedings{Azzerboni2005,
  title = {A new approach based on wavelet-ICA algorithms for fetal electrocardiogram extraction.},
  author = {Bruno Azzerboni and Fabio {La Foresta} and Nadia Mammone and Francesco Carlo Morabito},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 13th European Symposium on Artificial Neural Networks (ESANN 2005)},
  year = {2005},
  pages = {193--198},
  bibsource = {DBLP, http://dblp.uni-trier.de},
  ee = {http://www.dice.ucl.ac.be/Proceedings/esann/esannpdf/es2005-63.pdf},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2012.10.22}
}
@article{Akhbari2016,
  doi = {10.1088/0967-3334/37/2/203},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1088/0967-3334/37/2/203},
  year = {2016},
  month = jan,
  publisher = {{IOP} Publishing},
  volume = {37},
  number = {2},
  pages = {203--226},
  author = {Mahsa Akhbari and Mohammad B Shamsollahi and Christian Jutten and Antonis A Armoundas and Omid Sayadi},
  title = {{{ECG} denoising and fiducial point extraction using an extended Kalman filtering framework with linear and nonlinear phase observations}},
  journal = {Physiological Measurement}
}
@article{bach03beyond,
  title = {Beyond independent components: trees and clusters},
  author = {F. Bach and M. Jordan},
  journal = {Journal of Machine Learning Research},
  year = {2003},
  pages = {1205--1233},
  volume = {4},
  url = {http://cmm.ensmp.fr/~bach/bach03a.pdf}
}
@article{bach2002kernel,
  title = {Kernel independent component analysis},
  author = {Bach, Francis R and Jordan, Michael I},
  journal = {Journal of machine learning research},
  year = {2002},
  number = {Jul},
  pages = {1--48},
  volume = {3}
}
@article{Bailey1990,
  title = {{Recommendations for standardization and specifications in automated electrocardiography{:} bandwidth and digital signal processing.}},
  author = {J. J. Bailey and A. S. Berson and A. J. Garson},
  journal = {Circulation},
  year = {1990},
  pages = {730--739},
  volume = {81},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2012.10.22}
}
@article{Baker1995,
  title = {Measurement of fetal liver, brain and placental volumes with echo-planar magnetic resonance imaging.},
  author = {P. N. Baker and I. R. Johnson and P. A. Gowland and J. Hykin and V. Adams and P. Mansfield and B. S. Worthington},
  journal = {Br J Obstet Gynaecol},
  year = {1995},
  month = {Jan},
  number = {1},
  pages = {35--39},
  volume = {102},
  abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To quantify accurately in utero fetal liver, brain and placental volumes using echo planar imaging, and to assess whether the technique has the potential to enhance intrauterine fetal assessment. DESIGN: Thirty-two singleton, complicated pregnancies were scanned using echo planar imaging, a form of magnetic resonance imaging. Pregnancies were subdivided on the basis of whether the fetus was found subsequently to have an individualised birthweight ratio above (n = 21) or below (n = 11) the 10th centile. Comparisons of the organ volumes of these two groups were made. RESULTS: The first quantitative in utero measurement of fetal liver volume showed a linear relation between liver volume and gestational age in fetuses where the individualised birthweight ratio was above the 10th centile (the normal growth group). Ten of the 11 liver volume measurements of fetuses subsequently found to have an individualised birthweight ratio below the 10th centile fell on or outside the 95\% confidence limits established for the normal growth group. In contrast, no such differences were demonstrated when the brain and placental volumes were considered, with 10 of the 11 brain measurements and all of the 11 placental measurements falling within the 95\% confidence limits of the normal growth group. CONCLUSIONS: A single measurement of fetal liver volume using echo planar imaging enabled accurate identification of fetuses subsequently found to have individualised birthweight ratios below the 10th centile. If these findings are repeated in larger, more representative studies, this suggests that the technique has the potential to contribute to intrauterine fetal assessment.},
  institution = {Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Nottingham, UK.},
  keywords = {Adult; Brain; Echo-Planar Imaging; Female; Fetus; Gestational Age; Humans; Liver; Placenta; Pregnancy},
  owner = {sameni},
  pmid = {7833308},
  timestamp = {2008.05.09}
}
@article{Barbati2004,
  title = {Optimization of an independent component analysis approach for artifact identification and removal in magnetoencephalographic signals},
  author = {G. Barbati and C. Porcaro and F. Zappasodi and P.M. Rossini and F. Tecchio},
  journal = {Clin Neurophysiol},
  year = {2004},
  pages = {1220-1232},
  volume = {115},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2012.10.22}
}
@incollection{Barr89,
  title = {Genesis of the Electrocardiogram},
  author = {R.C. Barr},
  booktitle = {Comprehensive Electrocardiology},
  publisher = {Pergamon Press},
  year = {1989},
  address = {Oxford},
  chapter = {5},
  editor = {Macfarlane, P. W. and Lawrie, T. T. V.},
  pages = {129--151},
  vol = {{I}}
}
@article{Barros1998,
  title = {Removing Artifacts From {ECG} Signals Using Independent Components Analysis},
  author = {Barros, AK and Mansour, A. and Ohnishi, N.},
  journal = {Neurocomputing},
  year = {1998},
  pages = {173--186},
  volume = {22},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2012.10.22},
  vol = {22}
}
@article{Barros2001,
  title = {Extraction of specific signals with temporal structure.},
  author = {A. K. Barros and A. Cichocki},
  journal = {Neural Comput},
  year = {2001},
  month = {Sep},
  number = {9},
  pages = {1995--2003},
  volume = {13},
  abstract = {In this work we develop a very simple batch learning algorithm for semiblind extraction of a desired source signal with temporal structure from linear mixtures. Although we use the concept of sequential blind extraction of sources and independent component analysis, we do not carry out the extraction in a completely blind manner; neither do we assume that sources are statistically independent. In fact, we show that the a priori information about the autocorrelation function of primary sources can be used to extract the desired signals (sources of interest) from their linear mixtures. Extensive computer simulations and real data application experiments confirm the validity and high performance of the proposed algorithm.},
  institution = {Bio-mimetic Control Research Center, RIKEN, Moriyama-ku, Shimoshidami, Nagoya 463-0003, Japan.},
  keywords = {Algorithms; Computer Simulation; Electrocardiography; Female; Fetal Heart; Heart; Humans; Models, Biological; Normal Distribution; Pregnancy; Reproducibility of Results},
  owner = {sameni},
  pmid = {11516354},
  timestamp = {2008.04.30},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/089976601750399272}
}
@article{Bartelmaos2008,
  author = {Bartelmaos, S. and Abed-Meraim, K.},
  journal = {Signal Processing Letters, IEEE},
  title = {Fast Principal Component Extraction Using Givens Rotations},
  year = {2008},
  issn = {1070-9908},
  pages = {369 -372},
  volume = {15},
  keywords = {Givens rotation;PCA;adaptive estimation;eigenvector;iterative method;orthogonal projection approximation;positive Hermitian covariance matrix;principal component extraction;singular value decomposition;subspace tracking;weight matrix;Hermitian matrices;adaptive estimation;adaptive signal processing;approximation theory;covariance matrices;eigenvalues and eigenfunctions;iterative methods;principal component analysis;tracking;},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2012.10.22},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/LSP.2008.920006}
}
@book{Barton1997,
  title = {Radar Technology Encyclopedia},
  author = {Barton, D.K.},
  publisher = {Artech House, Incorporated},
  year = {1997},
  isbn = {9781580532594},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2014.06.25}
}
@article{Baser1992,
  title = {Coupling of fetal movement and fetal heart rate accelerations as an indicator of fetal health},
  author = {Baser, Iskender and Johnson, Timothy RB and Paine, Lisa L},
  journal = {Obstetrics \& gynecology},
  year = {1992},
  number = {1},
  pages = {62--66},
  volume = {80},
  owner = {sameni},
  publisher = {LWW},
  timestamp = {2016.10.01}
}
@article{Bednar84,
  author = {Bednar, J. and Watt, T.},
  journal = {Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, IEEE Transactions on},
  title = {Alpha-trimmed means and their relationship to median filters},
  year = {1984},
  issn = {0096-3518},
  month = {February},
  number = {1},
  pages = {145--153},
  volume = {32}
}
@article{Behar2013,
  title = {ECG signal quality during arrhythmia and its application to false alarm reduction},
  author = {Behar, Joachim and Oster, Julien and Li, Qiao and Clifford, Gari D},
  journal = {Biomedical Engineering, IEEE Transactions on},
  year = {2013},
  number = {6},
  pages = {1660--1666},
  volume = {60},
  owner = {sameni},
  publisher = {IEEE},
  timestamp = {2016.10.01}
}
@conference{BeharAJOG2013,
  title = {{Evaluation of the fetal QT interval using non-invasive fetal ECG technology}},
  author = {Joachim Behar and Adam Wolfberg and Tingting Zhu and Julian Oster and Alisa Niksch and Douglas Mah and Terrence Chun and James Greenberg and Cassandre Tanner and Jessica Harrop and Alexander Van Esbroeck and Amy Alexander and Michele McCarroll and Timothy Drake and Angela Silber and Reza Sameni and Jay Ward and Gari Clifford},
  booktitle = {{American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology}},
  year = {2014},
  address = {New Orleans, LA},
  month = {February},
  organization = {{Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine}},
  pages = {S283--S284},
  volume = {210},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2013.10.609}
}
@article{Behar2016Evaluation,
  title = {{Evaluation of the fetal QT interval using non-invasive fetal ECG technology}},
  author = {Joachim Behar and Tingting Zhu and Julien Oster and Alisa Niksch and Douglas Y Mah and Terrence Chun and James
Greenberg and Cassandre Tanner and Jessica Harrop and Reza Sameni and Jay Ward and Adam J Wolfberg and Gari D Clifford},
  journal = {Physiological Measurement},
  year = {2016},
  month = {September},
  number = {9},
  pages = {1392--1403},
  volume = {37},
  abstract = {Non-invasive fetal electrocardiography (NI-FECG) is a promising alternative continuous fetal monitoring method that has the potential to allow morphological analysis of the FECG. However, there are a number of challenges associated with the evaluation of morphological parameters from the NI-FECG, including low signal to noise ratio of the NI-FECG and methodological challenges for getting reference annotations and evaluating the accuracy of segmentation algorithms. This work aims to validate the measurement of the fetal QT interval in term laboring women using a NI-FECG electrocardiogram monitor. Fetal electrocardiogram data were recorded from 22 laboring women at term using the NI-FECG and an invasive fetal scalp electrode simultaneously. A total of 105 one-minute epochs were selected for analysis. Three pediatric electrophysiologists independently annotated individual waveforms and averaged waveforms from each epoch. The intervals measured on the averaged cycles taken from the NI-FECG and the fetal scalp electrode showed a close agreement; the root mean square error between all corresponding averaged NI-FECG and fetal scalp electrode beats was 13.6ms, which is lower than the lowest adult root mean square error of 16.1?ms observed in related adult QT studies. These results provide evidence that NI-FECG technology enables accurate extraction of the fetal QT interval.},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1088/0967-3334/37/9/1392}
}
@article{BehrensScharf1994,
  title = {Signal processing applications of oblique projection operators},
  author = {R. T. Behrens and L. L. Scharf},
  journal = {{IEEE} Trans. Signal Processing},
  year = {1994},
  pages = {1413--1424},
  volume = {42},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2009.02.14}
}
@book{Bellman57,
  title = {Dynamic Programming},
  author = {Bellman, R.E.},
  publisher = {Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ.},
  year = {1957},
  note = {Republished 2003: Dover},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2008.04.11}
}
@article{Belouchrani1997,
  title = {{A Blind Source Separation Technique Using Second-Order Statistics}},
  author = {A. Belouchrani and K. Abed-Meraim and J-F. Cardoso and Eric Moulines},
  journal = {{IEEE} Trans. Signal Processing},
  year = {1997},
  month = {Feb.},
  pages = {434--444},
  volume = {45},
  no = {2}
}
@article{bb16291,
  title = {Nonorthogonal Representation of Signals by {G}aussians and {G}abor Functions},
  author = {Ben-Arie, J. and Rao, K.R.},
  journal = {{IEEE} Trans. Circuits Syst. {II}},
  year = {1995},
  month = {June},
  number = {6},
  pages = {402-413},
  volume = {42}
}
@article{BV03,
  title = {{On the Kernel Widths in Radial-Basis Function Networks}},
  author = {N. Benoudjit and M. Verleysen},
  journal = {Neural Processing Letters},
  year = {2003},
  month = {Oct.},
  pages = {139--154},
  volume = {18},
  no = {2}
}
@article{Bergveld1981,
  title = {{A New Technique for the Suppression of the MECG}},
  author = {Bergveld, Piet and Meijer, Wietze J. H.},
  journal = {Biomedical Engineering, IEEE Transactions on},
  year = {1981},
  month = {April},
  number = {4},
  pages = {348--354},
  volume = {BME-28},
  abstract = {After a review of the different techniques in use up to now for the detection of an interference-free abdominal fetal electrocardiogram (FECG), with the limitations of these techniques indicated, a new technique is described which does not suffer from these limitations. This technique is based on an optimization procedure applied to the multiplication coefficients of six independent abdominal signals which are added together. The theoretical background of this method is given, as well as the required operational conditions and electrode positions, leading to an FECG reading guaranteed free of maternal electrocardiogram (MECG).},
  issn = {0018-9294},
  keywords = {Electrocardiography;Female;Fetal Heart;Heart Rate;Humans;Pregnancy;},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2012.10.22},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TBME.1981.324803}
}
@inproceedings{Bienati2001,
  title = {An adaptive blind signal separation based on the joint optimization of Givens rotations},
  author = {Bienati, N. and Spagnolini, U. and Zecca, M.},
  booktitle = {Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 2001. Proceedings. (ICASSP '01). 2001 IEEE International Conference on},
  year = {2001},
  pages = {2809 -2812 vol.5},
  volume = {5},
  abstract = {Blind signal separation (BSS) is a recurrent problem in many multi-sensors applications where observations can be modelled as mixtures of N statistical independent source signals. We propose the estimation of the orthonormal transformation matrix Q in the case of whitened observations and a cost function based on the fourth-order moments. Q is described as combination of elementary Givens rotations and the optimization is carried out jointly for all the rotations. When sub-sets of angles are optimized separately the method reduces to the deflation approach which has been proved to be globally convergent. The joint estimation of Givens rotation matrices has a computational complexity O(7N2) and, compared to other adaptive BSS, simulations demonstrate that it converges faster and achieves a better crosstalk attenuation},
  issn = {1520-6149},
  keywords = {Givens rotation matrices;adaptive blind signal separation;adaptive estimation;angle quantization;blind signal separation;computational complexity;cost function;crosstalk attenuation;deflation approach;fourth-order moments;globally convergent method;joint optimization of Givens rotations;multisensors applications;orthonormal transformation matrix;statistical independent source signals;whitened observations;adaptive estimation;adaptive signal processing;computational complexity;convergence of numerical methods;crosstalk;matrix algebra;optimisation;},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2012.10.22},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ICASSP.2001.940230}
}
@book{bierman2006factorization,
  title = {Factorization Methods for Discrete Sequential Estimation},
  author = {Bierman, G.J.},
  publisher = {Dover Publications},
  year = {2006},
  series = {Dover Books on Mathematics Series},
  isbn = {9780486449814}
}
@mastersthesis{HadisBiglariMS2015,
  author = {Hadis Biglari},
  school = {Biomedical Engineering, School of Electrical \& Computer Engineering, Shiraz University},
  title = {{Fetal Motion Tracking from Non-Invasive Cardiac Signal Recordings}},
  year = {2015},
  note = {Supervised by: Dr. Reza Sameni}
}
@article{BiglariSameni2016,
  title = {Fetal motion estimation from noninvasive cardiac signal recordings},
  author = {Hadis Biglari and Reza Sameni},
  journal = {Physiological Measurement},
  year = {2016},
  month = {November},
  number = {11},
  pages = {2003--2023},
  volume = {37},
  abstract = {Fetal motility is a widely accepted indicator of the well-being of a fetus. In previous research, it has be shown that fetal motion (FM) is coherent with fetal heart rate accelerations and an indicator for active/rest cycles of the fetus. The most common approach for FM and fetal heart rate (FHR) assessment is by Doppler ultrasound (DUS). While DUS is the most common approach for studying the mechanical activities of the heart, noninvasive fetal electrocardiogram (ECG) and magnetocardiogram (MCG) recording and processing techniques have been considered as a possible competitor (or complement) for the DUS. In this study, a fully automatic and robust framework is proposed for the extraction, ranking and alignment of fetal QRS-complexes from noninvasive fetal ECG/MCG. Using notions from subspace tracking, two measures, namely the actogram and rotatogram , are defined for fetal motion tracking. The method is applied to four fetal ECG/MCG databases, including twin MCG recordings. By defining a novel measure of causality, it is shown that there is significant coherency and causal relationship between the actogram/rotatogram and FHR accelerations/decelerations. Using this measure, it is shown that in many cases, the actogram and rotatogram precede the FHR variations, which supports the idea of motion-induced FHR accelerations/decelerations for these cases and raises attention for the non-motion-induced FHR variations, which can be associated to the fetal central nervous system developments. The results of this study can lead to novel perspectives of the fetal sympathetic and parasympathetic brain systems and future requirements of fetal cardiac monitoring.},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1088/0967-3334/37/11/2003}
}
@book{bishop95,
  title = {Neural Networks for Pattern Recognition},
  author = {Bishop, C.},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1995},
  address = {New York}
}
@article{Bittanti2000,
  title = {{On the parametrization and design of an extended Kalman filter frequency tracker}},
  author = {Bittanti, S. and Savaresi, S.M.},
  journal = {Automatic Control, IEEE Transactions on},
  year = {2000},
  month = {sep},
  number = {9},
  pages = {1718 -1724},
  volume = {45},
  issn = {0018-9286},
  keywords = {Equations;Frequency estimation;Harmonic analysis;Kalman filters;Noise measurement;Parameter estimation;Power harmonic filters;Signal to noise ratio;Tuning;White noise;Kalman filters;frequency estimation;harmonic analysis;tracking;Kalman filter;frequency estimation;frequency tracking;harmonic signal;parameter estimation;parametrization;},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2014.06.25},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/9.880631}
}
@article{Bjorck1973,
  title = {Numerical Methods for Computing Angles between Linear Subspaces},
  author = {{\AA}. Bj{\"o}rck and G. H. Golub},
  journal = {Math. Comp.},
  year = {1973},
  pages = {579--594},
  volume = {27},
  kwds = {csd},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2012.10.22}
}
@article{Blankertz2008,
  author = {Blankertz, B. and Tomioka, R. and Lemm, S. and Kawanabe, M. and Muller, K.-R.},
  journal = {Signal Processing Magazine, IEEE},
  title = {{Optimizing Spatial filters for Robust EEG Single-Trial Analysis}},
  year = {2008},
  issn = {1053-5888},
  number = {1},
  pages = {41-56},
  volume = {25},
  keywords = {electroencephalography, learning (artificial intelligence), medical signal processing, neurophysiology, spatial filters, user interfacesBerlin BCI project, brain activity, brain-computer interface, common spatial pattern algorithm, electroencephalogram, machine learning, robust EEG analysis, signal processing, signal-to-noise ratio, single-trial analysis, spatial filters, spatiotemporal filters, volume conduction multichannel EEG},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/MSP.2008.4408441}
}
@inproceedings{blaschke2004independent,
  title = {Independent slow feature analysis and nonlinear blind source separation},
  author = {Blaschke, Tobias and Wiskott, Laurenz},
  booktitle = {International Conference on Independent Component Analysis and Signal Separation},
  year = {2004},
  organization = {Springer},
  pages = {742--749}
}
@article{blaschke2007independent,
  title = {Independent slow feature analysis and nonlinear blind source separation},
  author = {Blaschke, Tobias and Zito, Tiziano and Wiskott, Laurenz},
  journal = {Neural computation},
  year = {2007},
  number = {4},
  pages = {994--1021},
  volume = {19},
  publisher = {MIT Press}
}
@article{Bloom06,
  title = {Fetal Pulse Oximetry and Cesarean Delivery},
  author = {Bloom, Steven L. and Spong, Catherine Y. and Thom, Elizabeth and Varner, Michael W. and Rouse, Dwight J. and Weininger, Sandy and Ramin, Susan M. and Caritis, Steve N. and Peaceman, Alan and Sorokin, Yoram and Sciscione, Anthony and Carpenter, Marshall and Mercer, Brian and Thorp, John and Malone, Fergal and Harper, Margaret and Iams, Jay and Anderson, Garland},
  journal = {N Engl J Med},
  year = {2006},
  note = {For the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Maternal-Fetal Medicine Units Network},
  number = {21},
  pages = {2195-2202},
  volume = {355},
  abstract = {Background Knowledge of fetal oxygen saturation, as an adjunct to electronic fetal monitoring, may be associated with a significant change in the rate of cesarean deliveries or the infant's condition at birth. Methods We randomly assigned 5341 nulliparous women who were at term and in early labor to either "open" or "masked" fetal pulse oximetry. In the open group, fetal oxygen saturation values were displayed to the clinician. In the masked group, the fetal oxygen sensor was inserted and the values were recorded by computer, but the data were hidden. Labor complicated by a nonreassuring fetal heart rate before randomization was documented for subsequent analysis. Results There was no significant difference in the overall rates of cesarean delivery between the open and masked groups (26.3% and 27.5%, respectively; P=0.31). The rates of cesarean delivery associated with the separate indications of a nonreassuring fetal heart rate (7.1% and 7.9%, respectively; P=0.30) and dystocia (18.6% and 19.2%, respectively; P=0.59) were similar between the two groups. Similar findings were observed in the subgroup of 2168 women in whom a nonreassuring fetal heart rate was detected before randomization. The condition of the infants at birth did not differ significantly between the two groups. Conclusions Knowledge of the fetal oxygen saturation is not associated with a reduction in the rate of cesarean delivery or with improvement in the condition of the newborn. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00098709 .)},
  eprint = {http://content.nejm.org/cgi/reprint/355/21/2195.pdf},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa061170}
}
@article{Blum1985,
  title = {First magnetoencephalographic recordings of the brain activity of a human fetus},
  author = {T. Blum and E. Saling and R. Bauer},
  journal = {Br J Obstet Gynaecol.},
  year = {1985},
  pages = {1224--1229},
  volume = {92},
  no = {12},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2012.10.22}
}
@article{Boashash1992,
  title = {{Estimating and interpreting the instantaneous frequency of a signal. I. Fundamentals}},
  author = {Boashash, B.},
  journal = {Proceedings of the IEEE},
  year = {1992},
  month = {Apr},
  number = {4},
  pages = {520-538},
  volume = {80},
  abstract = {The concept of instantaneous frequency (IF), its definitions, and the correspondence between the various mathematical models formulated for representation of IF are discussed. The extent to which the IF corresponds to the intuitive expectation of reality is also considered. A historical review of the successive attempts to define the IF is presented. The relationships between the IF and the group-delay, analytic signal, and bandwidth-time (BT) product are explored, as well as the relationship with time-frequency distributions. The notions of monocomponent and multicomponent signals and instantaneous bandwidth are discussed. It is shown that these notions are well described in the context of the theory presented},
  issn = {0018-9219},
  keywords = {delays;signal processing;analytic signal;bandwidth-time;group-delay;instantaneous bandwidth;instantaneous frequency;monocomponent;multicomponent;time-frequency distributions;Aggregates;Bandwidth;Biomedical signal processing;Frequency estimation;Radar applications;Radar tracking;Signal analysis;Signal processing;Sonar applications;Time frequency analysis},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2014.08.20},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/5.135376}
}
@article{boashash1992estimatingII,
  title = {{Estimating and interpreting the instantaneous frequency of a signal. II. Algorithms and applications}},
  author = {Boashash, Boualem},
  journal = {Proceedings of the IEEE},
  year = {1992},
  number = {4},
  pages = {540--568},
  volume = {80},
  publisher = {IEEE}
}
@article{Bocking2003,
  title = {Assessment of fetal heart rate and fetal movements in detecting oxygen deprivation in-utero},
  author = {Bocking, Alan D},
  journal = {European Journal of Obstetrics \& Gynecology and Reproductive Biology},
  year = {2003},
  pages = {S108--S112},
  volume = {110},
  owner = {sameni},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  timestamp = {2016.10.01}
}
@article{Bogaerts2009,
  title = {Automated threshold detection for auditory brainstem responses: comparison with visual estimation in a stem cell transplantation study},
  author = {S. Bogaerts and J. D. Clements and J. M. Sullivan and S. Oleskevich},
  journal = {BMC Neuroscience},
  year = {2009},
  number = {104},
  pages = {1--7},
  volume = {10},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2012.10.22}
}
@article{Bonmassar02,
  title = {Motion and ballistocardiogram artifact removal for interleaved recording of {EEG} and {EP}s during {MRI}},
  author = {Bonmassar, G. and Purdon, P. L. and Jaaskelainen, I. P. and Chiappa, K. and Solo, V. and Brown, E. N. and Belliveau, J. W.},
  journal = {NeuroImage},
  year = {2002},
  number = {4},
  pages = {1127--1141},
  volume = {16}
}
@article{Boudraa2007,
  title = {{EMD-Based Signal Filtering}},
  author = {Boudraa, A.-O. and Cexus, J.-C.},
  journal = {Instrumentation and Measurement, IEEE Transactions on},
  year = {2007},
  month = {Dec},
  number = {6},
  pages = {2196-2202},
  volume = {56},
  issn = {0018-9456},
  keywords = {AWGN;filtering theory;signal reconstruction;additive white Gaussian noise;empirical mode decomposition;energy distribution;intrinsic mode function;sifting process;signal reconstruction;signal-filtering method;AWGN;Additive white noise;Filtering;Gaussian noise;Low-frequency noise;Nonlinear filters;Signal processing;Signal processing algorithms;Wavelet packets;Wiener filter;Empirical mode decomposition (EMD);nonstationary signals;signal filtering},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TIM.2007.907967}
}
@article{PTB1,
  title = {{Nutzung der EKG-Signaldatenbank CARDIODAT der PTB uber das Internet}},
  author = {R. Bousseljot and D. Kreiseler and A. Schnabel},
  journal = {Biomedizinische Technik},
  year = {1995},
  number = {1},
  pages = {S317-S318},
  volume = {40}
}
@book{boyd2004convex,
  title = {Convex optimization},
  author = {Boyd, Stephen and Vandenberghe, Lieven},
  publisher = {Cambridge university press},
  year = {2004}
}
@article{Brace1989,
  title = {Normal amniotic fluid volume changes throughout pregnancy.},
  author = {R. A. Brace and E. J. Wolf},
  journal = {Am J Obstet Gynecol},
  year = {1989},
  month = {Aug},
  number = {2},
  pages = {382--388},
  volume = {161},
  abstract = {The purpose of this study was to provide a quantitative characterization of the changes in amniotic fluid volume that occur throughout gestation. From 705 published amniotic volumes for normal pregnancies, we found that after log transformation, amniotic fluid volume had a uniform variability over 8 to 43 weeks' gestation. Thus the 95\% confidence interval covered the range of 1/2.57 to 2.57 times the mean volume at any given gestational age. Contrary to expected trends, mean amniotic fluid volume did not change significantly between 22 and 39 weeks and averaged 777 ml, with the 95\% confidence interval ranging from 302 to 1997 ml. The data are summarized in nomograms covering 8 to 43 weeks' gestation.},
  institution = {Department of Reproductive Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla 92093.},
  keywords = {Amniotic Fluid; Female; Gestational Age; Humans; Pregnancy; Reference Values; Regression Analysis},
  owner = {sameni},
  pii = {0002-9378(89)90527-9},
  pmid = {2764058},
  timestamp = {2008.05.09}
}
@article{Broomhead86,
  title = {Extracting qualitative dynamics from experimental data},
  author = {D S Broomhead and G P King},
  journal = {Physica D},
  year = {1986},
  number = {2-3},
  pages = {217--236},
  volume = {20},
  address = {Amsterdam, The Netherlands, The Netherlands},
  issn = {0167-2789},
  publisher = {Elsevier Science Publishers B. V.},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-2789(86)90031-X}
}
@misc{Brunner2008,
  title = {{BCI Competion 2008 -- Graz Dataset A}},
  author = {Clemens Brunner and Robert Leeb and Gernot R. M\"uller-Putz and Alois Schl\"ogl and Gert Pfurtscheller},
  month = {Jul},
  year = {2008},
  owner = {Cedric Gouy-Pailler},
  timestamp = {2008.11.03},
  url = {http://ida.first.fraunhofer.de/projects/bci/competition\_iv/desc\_2a.pdf}
}
@article{KHO02,
  title = {{The principles of software QRS detection. Review and comparing algorithms for detecting this important ECG waveform}},
  author = {{B-U K\"{o}hler} and C Hennig and R. Orglmeister},
  journal = {{IEEE} Eng. Med. Biol. Mag.},
  year = {2002},
  month = {Jan/Feb},
  pages = {42-57},
  volume = {21}
}
@article{Buxton2004S220,
  title = {Modeling the hemodynamic response to brain activation},
  author = {Richard B. Buxton and K?mil Uludag and David J. Dubowitz and Thomas T. Liu},
  journal = {NeuroImage},
  year = {2004},
  note = {Mathematics in Brain Imaging},
  number = {Supplement 1},
  pages = {S220 - S233},
  volume = {23},
  abstract = {Neural activity in the brain is accompanied by changes in cerebral blood flow (CBF) and blood oxygenation that are detectable with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) techniques. In this paper, recent mathematical models of this hemodynamic response are reviewed and integrated. Models are described for: (1) the blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) signal as a function of changes in cerebral oxygen extraction fraction (E) and cerebral blood volume (CBV); (2) the balloon model, proposed to describe the transient dynamics of CBV and deoxy-hemoglobin (Hb) and how they affect the BOLD signal; (3) neurovascular coupling, relating the responses in CBF and cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2) to the neural activity response; and (4) a simple model for the temporal nonlinearity of the neural response itself. These models are integrated into a mathematical framework describing the steps linking a stimulus to the measured BOLD and CBF responses. Experimental results examining transient features of the BOLD response (post-stimulus undershoot and initial dip), nonlinearities of the hemodynamic response, and the role of the physiologic baseline state in altering the BOLD signal are discussed in the context of the proposed models. Quantitative modeling of the hemodynamic response, when combined with experimental data measuring both the BOLD and CBF responses, makes possible a more specific and quantitative assessment of brain physiology than is possible with standard BOLD imaging alone. This approach has the potential to enhance numerous studies of brain function in development, health, and disease.},
  issn = {1053-8119},
  keywords = {Hemodynamic response},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2004.07.013}
}
@phdthesis{Callaerts89,
  title = {Signal Separation Methods based on Singular Value Decomposition and their Application to the Real-Time Extraction of the Fetal Electrocardiogram from Cutaneous Recordings},
  author = {Dirk Callaerts},
  school = {K.U.Leuven - E.E. Dept.},
  year = {Dec. 1989},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2010.03.07}
}
@phdthesis{Behar2014,
  title = {Extraction of clinical information from the non-invasive fetal electrocardiogram},
  author = {Joachim Behar},
  school = {Balliol College, University of Oxford, UK},
  year = {2014},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/1606.01093},
  month = {September}
}
@phdthesis{Kheirati2017,
  title = {Adaptive model-based cardiac signals analysis and feature extraction},
  author = {Kheirati Roonizi, Ebadollah (Arman)},
  school = {School of Computer Science, University of Milan, Italy},
  year = {2017},
  url = {https://air.unimi.it/retrieve/handle/2434/468106/764783/phd_unimi_R10774.pdf}
}
@article{0143-0815-10-4B-001,
  author = {D Callaerts and W Sansen and J Vandewalle and G Vantrappen and J Janssens},
  journal = {Clinical Physics and Physiological Measurement},
  title = {Description of a real-time system to extract the fetal electrocardiogram},
  year = {1989},
  number = {4B},
  pages = {7-10},
  volume = {10},
  abstract = {An overview is given of the FEMME-project (Fetal Electrocardiogram Measuring Method and Equipment). The project started in 1981 and is close to producing a prototype personal computer-based system. This records simultaneously a number of cutaneous potential signals and derives from this set one or more maternal electrocardiogram-free fetal heart signals, by combining linearly the recorded signals. An on-line adaptive algorithm based on the Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) has been designed to compute the coefficients in these linear combinations. This algorithm will be implemented on a DSP board that can be plugged into the real-time recording system. The system will be very useful in studies of the fetal electrocardiogram during pregnancy but also in all other studies such as fetal heart rate variability, fetal movements, etc., where a precise trigger of the electrical signal from the fetal heart is required.},
  url = {http://stacks.iop.org/0143-0815/10/7}
}
@article{Call86,
  title = {An adaptive on-line method for the extraction of the complete fetal electrocardiogram from cutaneous multilead recordings},
  author = {Callaerts, D. and Vanderschoot, J. and Vandewalle, J. and Sansen, W. and Vantrappen, G. and Janssens, J.},
  journal = {J Perinatal Medicine},
  year = {1986},
  pages = {421--432},
  volume = {14}
}
@article{Calvetti2000423,
  author = {D. Calvetti and S. Morigi and L. Reichel and F. Sgallari},
  journal = {Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics},
  title = {Tikhonov regularization and the L-curve for large discrete ill-posed problems},
  year = {2000},
  issn = {0377-0427},
  note = {Numerical Analysis 2000. Vol. III: Linear Algebra},
  number = {1?2},
  pages = {423 - 446},
  volume = {123},
  abstract = {Discretization of linear inverse problems generally gives rise to very ill-conditioned linear systems of algebraic equations. Typically, the linear systems obtained have to be regularized to make the computation of a meaningful approximate solution possible. Tikhonov regularization is one of the most popular regularization methods. A regularization parameter specifies the amount of regularization and, in general, an appropriate value of this parameter is not known a priori. We review available iterative methods, and present new ones, for the determination of a suitable value of the regularization parameter by the L-curve criterion and the solution of regularized systems of algebraic equations.},
  keywords = {Ill-posed problem},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0377-0427(00)00414-3}
}
@article{candan2014unified,
  title = {{A unified framework for derivation and implementation of Savitzky--Golay filters}},
  author = {Candan, {\c{C}}a{\u{g}}atay and Inan, Hakan},
  journal = {Signal Processing},
  year = {2014},
  pages = {203--211},
  volume = {104},
  publisher = {Elsevier}
}
@book{Candy2005,
  title = {{Model-Based Signal Processing}},
  author = {James V. Candy},
  publisher = {Wiley-IEEE Press},
  year = {2005}
}
@article{Mees-00,
  title = {Deterministic Structure in Mutli-channel Physiological Data},
  author = {Cao, L. and Mees, A.},
  journal = {Int. J. Bif. Chaos},
  year = {2000},
  month = {December},
  number = {12},
  pages = {2767-2780},
  volume = {10}
}
@inproceedings{Cardoso1994,
  title = {{On the performance of orthogonal source separation algorithms}},
  author = {J.F. Cardoso},
  booktitle = {Proc. EUSIPCO},
  year = {1994},
  pages = {776--779},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2008.07.23}
}
@article{Cardoso1993b,
  title = {{Blind beamforming for non Gaussian signals}},
  author = {J. F. Cardoso and A. Souloumiac},
  journal = {IEE Proceedings-F},
  year = {1993},
  number = {6},
  pages = {362--370},
  volume = {140},
  added-at = {2008-02-26T11:58:58.000+0100},
  biburl = {http://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/219569ee68a675c25590abf6299700683/schaul},
  citeulike-article-id = {2381055},
  description = {idsia},
  interhash = {f814b05a3eeedd3cd182cb7950b47a93},
  intrahash = {19569ee68a675c25590abf6299700683},
  keywords = {juergen},
  owner = {sameni},
  priority = {2},
  timestamp = {2008-02-26T11:58:58.000+0100}
}
@manual{Cardoso,
  title = {{Blind Source Separation and Independent Component Analysis}},
  author = {J-F Cardoso},
  year = {2005},
  url = {http://www.tsi.enst.fr/~cardoso/guidesepsou.html}
}
@article{Cardoso99,
  title = {High-order contrasts for independent component analysis},
  author = {J.-F. Cardoso},
  journal = {Neural Comput.},
  year = {1999},
  number = {1},
  pages = {157--192},
  volume = {11},
  address = {Cambridge, MA, USA},
  issn = {0899-7667},
  publisher = {MIT Press},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/089976699300016863}
}
@inproceedings{Car98,
  title = {{Multidimensional independent component analysis}},
  author = {J.-F. Cardoso},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP '98)},
  year = {1998},
  month = {May},
  pages = {1941--1944},
  volume = {4}
}
@article{Cardoso1998,
  title = {Blind signal separation: statistical principles},
  author = {Cardoso, J.-F.},
  journal = {Proc. {IEEE}},
  year = {1998},
  number = {10},
  pages = {2009--2025},
  volume = {86},
  issn = {0018-9219},
  keywords = {adaptive signal processing, array signal processing, estimation theory, higher order statistics, BSS, ICA, array processing, blind signal separation, data analysis, independent component analysis, mixtures, mutual independence, statistical principles, unobserved signals, unobserved sources},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2008.07.23},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/5.720250}
}
@techreport{PertDJ,
  title = {Perturbation of joint diagonalizers. Ref\# 94D027},
  author = {Jean-Fran\c{c}ois Cardoso},
  institution = {T\'{e}l\'{e}com {P}aris},
  year = {1994},
  html = {ftp://sig.enst.fr/pub/jfc/Papers/joint_diag_pert_an.ps}
}
@inproceedings{Cardoso1990,
  title = {Eigen-structure of the fourth-order cumulant tensor with application to the blind source separation problem},
  author = {Jean-Fran\c{c}ois Cardoso},
  booktitle = {{Proc. ICASSP}},
  year = {1990},
  pages = {2655--2658},
  html = {ftp://sig.enst.fr/pub/jfc/Papers/icassp90.ps.gz},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2012.10.22}
}
@inproceedings{cardoso1989source,
  title = {Source separation using higher order moments},
  author = {Cardoso, J-F},
  booktitle = {Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 1989. ICASSP-89., 1989 International Conference on},
  year = {1989},
  organization = {IEEE},
  pages = {2109--2112}
}
@inproceedings{Cardoso1996a,
  title = {Independent Component Analysis, a survey of some algebraic methods},
  author = {Jean-Fran\c{c}ois Cardoso and Pierre Comon},
  booktitle = {Proc. ISCAS'96},
  year = {1996},
  pages = {93--96},
  volume = {2},
  html = {ftp://sig.enst.fr/pub/jfc/Papers/iscas96_algebra.ps.gz},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2012.10.22}
}
@article{Cardoso1996,
  title = {Equivariant adaptive source separation},
  author = {Cardoso, J.-F. and Laheld, B.H.},
  journal = {Signal Processing, IEEE Transactions on},
  year = {1996},
  month = {dec},
  number = {12},
  pages = {3017 -3030},
  volume = {44},
  abstract = {Source separation consists of recovering a set of independent signals when only mixtures with unknown coefficients are observed. This paper introduces a class of adaptive algorithms for source separation that implements an adaptive version of equivariant estimation and is henceforth called equivariant adaptive separation via independence (EASI). The EASI algorithms are based on the idea of serial updating. This specific form of matrix updates systematically yields algorithms with a simple structure for both real and complex mixtures. Most importantly, the performance of an EASI algorithm does not depend on the mixing matrix. In particular, convergence rates, stability conditions, and interference rejection levels depend only on the (normalized) distributions of the source signals. Closed-form expressions of these quantities are given via an asymptotic performance analysis. The theme of equivariance is stressed throughout the paper. The source separation problem has an underlying multiplicative structure. The parameter space forms a (matrix) multiplicative group. We explore the (favorable) consequences of this fact on implementation, performance, and optimization of EASI algorithms},
  issn = {1053-587X},
  keywords = {EASI algorithms;adaptive algorithms;asymptotic performance analysis;closed-form expressions;complex mixtures;convergence rates;equivariant adaptive separation via independence;equivariant adaptive source separation;equivariant estimation;independent signals;interference rejection levels;matrix group;matrix updates;multiplicative group;multiplicative structure;normalized distributions;optimization;parameter space;real mixtures;serial updating;source signals;stability conditions;adaptive estimation;adaptive signal processing;convergence of numerical methods;matrix algebra;parameter estimation;},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2012.10.22},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/78.553476}
}
@article{Cardoso1996b,
  title = {Jacobi angles for simultaneous diagonalization},
  author = {Jean-Fran\c{c}ois Cardoso and Antoine Souloumiac},
  journal = {{SIAM} J. Mat. Anal. Appl.},
  year = {1996},
  month = jan,
  number = {1},
  pages = {161--164},
  volume = {17},
  html = {ftp://sig.enst.fr/pub/jfc/Papers/siam_note.ps.gz},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2012.10.22}
}
@book{carson2001,
  title = {Modeling Methodology for Physiology and Medicine},
  author = {Carson, E.R. and Cobelli, C.},
  publisher = {Acad. Press},
  year = {2001},
  series = {Academic Press Series in Biomedical Engineering},
  isbn = {9780121602451},
  lccn = {00104369}
}
@article{Chavez2003,
  author = {Ch{\'a}vez, Mario and Le Van Quyen, Michel and Navarro, Vincent and Baulac, Michel and Martinerie, Jacques},
  journal = {IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering},
  title = {Spatio-temporal dynamics prior to neocortical seizures: amplitude versus phase couplings},
  year = {2003},
  number = {5},
  pages = {571--583},
  volume = {50},
  groups = {[sameni:]},
  owner = {sameni},
  publisher = {IEEE},
  timestamp = {2016.10.01}
}
@article{Champagne1998,
  author = {B. Champagne and Q-G. Liu},
  journal = {IEEE transacation on signal processing},
  title = {{Plane Rotation-Based EVD Updating Schemes for Efficient Subspace Tracking}},
  year = {1998},
  month = {July},
  pages = {1886-1998},
  volume = {46},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2012.10.22}
}
@article{Chavez2006,
  author = {Chavez, M and Besserve, M and Adam, C and Martinerie, J},
  journal = {Journal of neuroscience methods},
  title = {Towards a proper estimation of phase synchronization from time series},
  year = {2006},
  number = {1},
  pages = {149--160},
  volume = {154},
  groups = {[sameni:]},
  owner = {sameni},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  timestamp = {2016.10.01}
}
@article{Chen2001,
  title = {Eigenvector based spatial filtering of fetal biomagnetic signals.},
  author = {M. Chen and R. T. Wakai and B. Van Veen},
  journal = {J Perinat Med},
  year = {2001},
  number = {6},
  pages = {486--496},
  volume = {29},
  abstract = {In this paper we demonstrate the usefulness of an eigenvector based spatial filtering method for signal processing of multi-channel fetal magnetocardiogram (fMCG) and fetal magnetoencephalogram (fMEG) recordings. This method of filtering can separate signal and interference by exploiting the considerable spatial information contained in multi-channel recordings. Typically, fMCGs and fMEGs suffer from large cardiac interference and low signal-to-noise ratio. To isolate the signal from the interference, we identify their respective subspaces using one portion of the record dominated by the signal and another dominated by the interference. Each subspace is approximately rank two since the sources of the signal and interference can be modeled as current dipoles. The spatial filter consists of a linear transformation that preserves the signal subspace and annihilates the interference subspace. It is easier to implement than a matched filter, preserves the morphology and topography of the fetal signal, and effectively removes maternal cardiac interference, even when the maternal and fetal complexes overlap strongly in time or when small maternal movements or maternal arrhythmias alter the temporal character of the interference.},
  institution = {Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.},
  keywords = {Evoked Potentials, Auditory; Female; Fetal Monitoring; Filtration; Heart Function Tests; Humans; Magnetics; Magnetoencephalography; Pregnancy},
  owner = {sameni},
  pmid = {11776679},
  timestamp = {2008.04.30}
}
@article{CCA96,
  title = {{Regularized Orthogonal Least Squares Algorithm for Constructing Radial Basis Function Networks}},
  author = {S. Chen and E. S. Chng and K. Alkadhimi},
  journal = {Int J. Control},
  year = {1996},
  pages = {829--837},
  volume = {64},
  no = {5}
}
@unpublished{CH05,
  title = {Bayesian Filtering{:} From Kalman Filters to Particle Filters, and Beyond},
  author = {Zhe Chen},
  note = {Adaptive Syst. Lab., McMaster Univ., Hamilton, ON, Canada},
  year = {2003},
  citeulike-article-id = {1412789},
  institution = {McMaster University},
  keywords = {bayesian-filters, kalman-filters, particle-filters, probability},
  posted-at = {2007-06-26 02:39:20},
  priority = {2},
  url = {http://soma.crl.mcmaster.ca/~zhechen/ieee_bayes.ps}
}
@book{Cheng1989,
  title = {{Field and Wave Electromagnetics}},
  author = {D. K. Cheng},
  publisher = {Addison-Wesley, Reading, Mass.},
  year = {1989},
  edition = {Second}
}
@article{Christov1999,
  title = {{Filtering of electromyogram artifacts from the electrocardiogram}},
  author = {I. I. Christov and I. K. Daskalov},
  journal = {Medical Engineering and Physics},
  year = {1999},
  pages = {731--736},
  volume = {21},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2012.10.22}
}
@book{CichockiAmari2002,
  title = {Adaptive Blind Signal and Image Processing: Learning Algorithms and Applications},
  author = {Cichocki, Andrzej and Amari, Shun-ichi},
  publisher = {John Wiley \& Sons, Inc.},
  year = {2002},
  isbn = {0470845899}
}
@article{GDC06,
  title = {A Novel Framework for Signal Representation and Source Separation},
  author = {Clifford, G.D.},
  journal = {Journal of Biological Systems},
  year = {2006},
  month = {June},
  number = {2},
  pages = {169-183},
  volume = {14}
}
@book{CliffordBook2006,
  title = {Advanced methods and tools for ECG data analysis},
  author = {Clifford, G.D. and Azuaje, F. and McSharry, P.E.},
  publisher = {Artech House},
  year = {2006},
  series = {Artech House engineering in medicine \& biology series},
  isbn = {9781580539661}
}
@article{CNS2010,
  title = {{An Artificial Vector Model for Generating Abnormal Electrocardiographic Rhythms}},
  author = {G.D. Clifford and S. Nemati and R. Sameni},
  journal = {{Physiological Measurements}},
  year = {2010},
  month = {May},
  number = {5},
  pages = {595--609},
  volume = {31},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2010.03.17},
  url = {https://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0967-3334/31/5/001}
}
@inproceedings{CliffordSameni2008,
  title = {{An Artificial Multi-Channel Model for Generating Abnormal Electrocardiographic Rhythms}},
  author = {G.D. Clifford and S. Nemati and R. Sameni},
  booktitle = {Computers in Cardiology, 2008},
  year = {2008},
  address = {Bologna, Italy},
  month = {September 14--17},
  pages = {773--776},
  abstract = {We present generalizations of our previously published artificial models for generating multi-channel ECG so that the simulation of abnormal rhythms is possible. Using a three-dimensional vectorcardiogram (VCG) formulation, we generate the normal cardiac dipole for a patient using a sum of Gaussian kernels, fitted to real VCG recordings. Abnormal beats are then specified either as new dipoles, or as perturbations of the existing dipole. Switching between normal and abnormal beat types is achieved using a hidden Markov model (HMM). Probability transitions can be learned from real data or modeled by coupling to heart rate and sympathovagal balance. Natural morphology changes form beat-to-beat are incorporated as before from varying the angular frequency of the dipole as a function of the inter-beat (RR) interval. The RR interval time series is generated using our previously described model whereby time-and frequency-domain heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) characteristics can be specified. QT-HR hysteresis is simulated by coupling the Gaussian kernels associated with the T-wave in the model with a nonlinear factor related to the local HR (determined from the last N RR intervals). Morphology changes due to respiration are simulated by coupling the RR interval to the angular frequency of the dipole. We demonstrate an example of the use of this model by simulating T-Wave Alternans (TWA). The magnitude of the TWA effect is modeled as a disturbance on the T-loop of the dipole with a magnitude that differs in each of the three VCG planes. The effect is then turned on or off using a HMM. The values of the transition matrix are determined by the local heart rate, such that when the HR ramps up towards 100 BPM, the probability of a TWA effect rapidly but smoothly increases. In this way, no 'sudden' switching from non-TWA to TWA is observed, and the natural tendency for TWA to be associated with a critical HR-related activation level is simulated. Finally, to generate multi-lead signals, the VCG is mapped to any set of clinical leads using a Dower-like transform derived from a least-squares optimization between known VCGs and known lead morphologies. ECGs with calibrated amounts of TWA were generated by this model and included in the PhysioNet/CinC Challenge 2008 data set.}
}
@article{AJOG2011,
  title = {{Clinically accurate fetal ECG parameters acquired from maternal abdominal sensors}},
  author = {Gari Clifford and Reza Sameni and Jay Ward and Julian Robinson and Adam John Wolfberg},
  journal = {{American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology}},
  year = {2011},
  month = {July},
  number = {1},
  pages = {47.e1--47.e5},
  volume = {205},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2011.02.23},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2011.02.066}
}
@article{cliffordSPIE04,
  title = {A realistic coupled nonlinear artificial {{ECG}}, {BP}, and respiratory signal generator for assessing noise performance of biomedical signal processing algorithms},
  author = {Clifford, G. D. and McSharry, P. E.},
  journal = {Proc of SPIE International Symposium on Fluctuations and Noise},
  year = {2004},
  number = {34},
  pages = {290-301},
  volume = {5467}
}
@conference{CliffordAJOG2009,
  title = {{Comparing the fetal ST-segment acquired using a FSE and abdominal sensors}},
  author = {Gari D. Clifford and Reza Sameni and Jay Ward and Jim Robertson and Courtenay Pettigrew and Adam J. Wolfberg},
  booktitle = {{American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology}},
  year = {2009},
  address = {Chicago, IL},
  month = {December},
  organization = {{Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine}},
  pages = {S242--S242},
  volume = {201},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2011.02.09},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2009.10.535}
}
@inproceedings{CSMJ05a,
  author = {G. D. Clifford and A. Shoeb and P. E. McSharry and B. A. Janz},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of Bioelectromagnetism and 5th International Symposium on Noninvasive Functional Source Imaging within the Human Brain and Heart (BEM \& NFSI)},
  title = {{Model-based filtering, compression and classification of the ECG}},
  year = {2005},
  address = {Minnesota, USA},
  month = {May}
}
@article{CSMJ05b,
  title = {{Model-based Filtering, Compression and Classification of the ECG}},
  author = {Clifford, G. D. and Shoeb, A. and McSharry, P. E. and Janz, B. A.},
  journal = {International Journal of Bioelectromagnetism},
  year = {2005},
  number = {1},
  pages = {158-161},
  volume = {7}
}
@article{clifford01,
  title = {One-pass training of optimal architecture auto-associative neural network for detecting ectopic beats},
  author = {Clifford, G. D. and Tarassenko, L.},
  journal = {IEE Electronic Letters},
  year = {2001},
  month = {Aug},
  number = {18},
  pages = {1126--1127},
  volume = {37}
}
@article{Cohen1999,
  author = {Cohen, Leon and Loughlin, Patrick and Vakman, David},
  journal = {Signal Processing},
  title = {On an ambiguity in the definition of the amplitude and phase of a signal},
  year = {1999},
  number = {3},
  pages = {301--307},
  volume = {79},
  groups = {[sameni:]},
  owner = {sameni},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  timestamp = {2016.10.01}
}
@conference{Comon95,
  title = {Supervised Classification, a Probabilistic Approach},
  author = {P. Comon},
  booktitle = {ESANN-European Symposium on Artificial Neural Networks},
  year = {1995},
  address = {Brussels},
  editor = {Verleysen},
  month = {Apr 19-21},
  note = {[invited paper]},
  pages = {111--128},
  publisher = {D~facto Publ.}
}
@inproceedings{Comon1991,
  title = {Independent {C}omponent {A}nalysis},
  author = {P. Comon},
  booktitle = {Proc. Int. Sig. Proc. Workshop on Higher-Order Statistics},
  year = {1991},
  address = {Chamrousse, France},
  month = {July 10-12},
  pages = {111--120},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2012.10.22}
}
@book{ComonJutten2010handbook,
  title = {Handbook of Blind Source Separation: Independent Component Analysis and Applications},
  author = {Comon, P. and Jutten, C.},
  publisher = {Elsevier Science},
  year = {2010},
  series = {Independent Component Analysis and Applications Series},
  isbn = {9780080884943}
}
@manual{WebMD,
  title = {{Fetal Positions, WebMD Inc.}},
  author = {WebMD},
  year = {2005},
  url = {http://www.webmd.com/content/tools/1/slide_fetal_pos.htm}
}
@article{Almasi2013214,
  title = {Bayesian denoising framework of phonocardiogram based on a new dynamical model},
  author = {A. Almasi and M. Bagher Shamsollahi and L. Senhadji},
  journal = {\{IRBM\} },
  year = {2013},
  number = {3},
  pages = {214 - 225},
  volume = {34},
  doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.irbm.2013.01.017},
  issn = {1959-0318},
  url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1959031813000559}
}
@inproceedings{CongJSG08,
  title = {{A new General Weighted Least-Squares Algorithm for Approximate Joint Diagonalization}},
  author = {M. Congedo and C. Jutten and R. Sameni and C. Gouy-Pailler},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 4th International BCI Workshop},
  year = {2008},
  address = {Graz, Austria},
  owner = {Cedric Gouy-Pailler},
  timestamp = {2008.06.25}
}
@book{cormen2001introduction,
  title = {Introduction To Algorithms},
  author = {Cormen, T.H. and Leiserson, C.E. and Rivest, R.L. and Stein, C.},
  publisher = {MIT Press},
  year = {2001},
  isbn = {9780262032933},
  lccn = {00103127}
}
@article{Gratta2001,
  title = {Magnetoencephalography - a noninvasive brain imaging method with 1 ms time resolution},
  author = {Cosimo Del Gratta, Vittorio Pizzella, Franca Tecchio and Gian Luca Romani},
  journal = {Reports on Progress in Physics},
  year = {2001},
  number = {12},
  pages = {1759-1814},
  volume = {64},
  url = {http://stacks.iop.org/0034-4885/64/1759}
}
@article{Cosmelli2004,
  author = {D. Cosmelli and O. David and J. P. Lachaux and J. Martinerie and L. Garnero and B. Renault and F. Varela},
  journal = {Neuroimage},
  title = {Waves of consciousness: ongoing cortical patterns during binocular rivalry},
  year = {2004},
  pages = {128-140},
  volume = {23},
  groups = {[sameni:]},
  owner = {aras},
  timestamp = {2016.07.16}
}
@article{Cremer1906,
  title = {{\"Uber die Direkte Ableitung der Aktionstrome des Menschlichen Herzens vom Oesophagus und \"Uber das Elektrokardiogramm des Fetus}},
  author = {M. Cremer},
  journal = {{M\"unchener Medizinische Wochenschrift}},
  year = {1906},
  month = {April},
  pages = {811--813},
  volume = {53},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2008.04.29}
}
@article{Dos00,
  title = {Inverse problem of electro- and magnetocardiography: review and recent progress},
  author = {O. D\"{o}ssel},
  journal = {Int. J. Bioelectromagnetism},
  year = {2000},
  number = {2},
  volume = {2},
  url = {http://www.ijbem.org/volume2/number2/doessel/paper.htm}
}
@article{Damen82,
  title = {{The use of the singular value decomposition in electrocardiography}},
  author = {A. A. Damen and J. {Van Der Kam}},
  journal = {{Med Biol Eng Comput}},
  year = {1982},
  month = {July},
  number = {4},
  pages = {473-82},
  volume = {20},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2008.07.18}
}
@article{Dash2000,
  title = {An extended complex Kalman filter for frequency measurement of distorted signals},
  author = {Dash, P.K. and Jena, R.K. and Panda, G. and Routray, A.},
  journal = {Instrumentation and Measurement, IEEE Transactions on},
  year = {2000},
  month = {aug},
  number = {4},
  pages = {746 -753},
  volume = {49},
  issn = {0018-9456},
  keywords = {amplitude;complex model;covariance setting;distorted signal;distorted signals;extended complex Kalman filter;floating point processor;frequency measurement;phase;power system frequency;real extended Kalman filter;real-time applications;standard test signals;worst-case measurement;Kalman filters;computerised instrumentation;covariance matrices;frequency estimation;frequency measurement;interference suppression;nonlinear filters;power system measurement;real-time systems;signal processing;},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/19.863918}
}
@book{davenport1958introduction,
  title = {An introduction to the theory of random signals and noise},
  author = {Davenport, Wilbur B and Root, William L},
  publisher = {McGraw-Hill New York},
  year = {1958},
  volume = {159}
}
@article{Davies04,
  title = {{Identifiability Issues in Noisy ICA}},
  author = {M. Davies},
  journal = {{IEEE} Signal Processing Lett.},
  year = {2004},
  number = {5},
  pages = {470--473},
  volume = {11}
}
@article{DeBoer1987,
  title = {Hemodynamic fluctuations and baroreflex sensitivity in humans: a beat-to-beat model},
  author = {De Boer, R. W. and Karemaker, J. M. and Strackee, J.},
  journal = {Am. J. Physiol.},
  year = {1987},
  pages = {680--689},
  volume = {253},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2012.10.22}
}
@manual{DeMoor,
  title = {{Database for the Identification of Systems (DaISy)}},
  author = {De Moor, B.},
  year = {1997},
  url = {http://homes.esat.kuleuven.be/~smc/daisy/}
}
@incollection{DeGroat1998,
  title = {Subspace Tracking},
  author = {R. D. DeGroat and E. M. Dowling and D. A. Linebarger},
  booktitle = {The Digital Signal Processing Handbook},
  publisher = {CRC and IEEE Press},
  year = {1998},
  chapter = {66},
  pages = {66.1--66.15},
  date-modified = {2010-01-06 14:26:06 -0500},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2012.10.22}
}
@article{Demartines1997,
  title = {Curvilinear component analysis: a self-organizing neural network for nonlinear mapping of data sets},
  author = {Demartines, P. and Herault, J.},
  journal = {Neural Networks, IEEE Transactions on},
  year = {Jan 1997},
  number = {1},
  pages = {148-154},
  volume = {8},
  issn = {1045-9227},
  keywords = {data structures, pattern matching, self-organising feature maps, vector quantisationbackward mapping, curvilinear component analysis, data sets, dimensionality reduction, dimensionality representation, interactive data exploration, learning, nonlinear mapping, nonlinear projection, self-organizing neural network, vector quantization},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/72.554199}
}
@article{Deng2000,
  author = {Yuancheng Deng and Wolf, W. and Schnell, R. and Appel, U.},
  journal = {Biomedical Engineering, IEEE Transactions on},
  title = {{New aspects to event-synchronous cancellation of ECG interference: an application of the method in diaphragmatic EMG signals}},
  year = {2000},
  issn = {0018-9294},
  month = {Sept.},
  number = {9},
  pages = {1177-1184},
  volume = {47},
  abstract = {An "event-synchronous interference canceller" (ESC) for cancellation of electrocardiographic (ECG) interference in diaphragmatic electromyographic (EMGdi) signals is addressed in this paper, ESC pursues the concept of the "event synchronous adaptive interference canceller" (ESAIC), which was proposed in P. Strobach et al., ibid., vol. 41, p. 343-50 (1994) as a specific application of the well known "adaptive noise canceller" (ANC) paradigm, but ESC uses a simple adaptive gain control (AGC) instead of the complex adaptive filter of the ANC. The proposed ESC method is evaluated using both computer simulations and real EMGdi data, and its efficiency in interference cancellation is compared to that of ESAIC. Of particular interest is the result that the ESC can replace the ESAIC providing better performance as well as a considerable reduction of computational costs.},
  keywords = {adaptive filters, adaptive signal processing, electrocardiography, electromyography, interference (signal), medical signal processingECG interference, complex adaptive filter, computational costs reduction, computer simulations, diaphragmatic EMG signals, electrodiagnostics, event-synchronous cancellation, event-synchronous interference canceller, simple adaptive gain control},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/10.867924}
}
@article{dennis1983numerical,
  title = {Numerical Methods for Unconstrained Optimization and Nonlinear Equations},
  author = {Dennis, J.E. and Schnabel, R.B.},
  journal = {Siam},
  year = {1983},
  volume = {16},
  isbn = {9780898713640},
  lccn = {lc95051776},
  publisher = {Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics},
  series = {Classics in Applied Mathematics}
}
@article{Devedeux1993,
  title = {Uterine electromyography: a critical review.},
  author = {D. Devedeux and C. Marque and S. Mansour and G. Germain and J. Duch?ne},
  journal = {Am J Obstet Gynecol},
  year = {1993},
  month = {Dec},
  number = {6},
  pages = {1636--1653},
  volume = {169},
  abstract = {On the basis of a literature review, this work summarizes uterine animal and human electromyographic information obtained at cellular, myometrial, and abdominal levels during gestation and parturition. We show that both internal and external electromyograms occur in phase with intrauterine pressure increase and exhibit similar spectra, including a slow wave (0.01 < frequency < 0.03 Hz) probably because of mechanical artifacts and a fast wave whose frequency content can be subdivided into a low-frequency band always present in every contraction and a high-frequency band related to efficient parturition contractions. Application of classic spectral techniques to electromyogram envelopes has identified group propagation but not pacemaker areas. However, no time delay or classic propagation has been demonstrated by applying the same spectral techniques to the electromyogram itself, probably because of the nonlinearity and three-dimensional nature of the propagating process.},
  institution = {Unit? de Recherche Associ?e, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique 858, Universit? de Technologie de Compi?gne, France.},
  keywords = {Animals; Electromyography; Electrophysiology; Female; Humans; Labor, Obstetric; Pregnancy; Pregnancy, Animal; Uterine Contraction; Uterus},
  owner = {sameni},
  pii = {0002-9378(93)90456-S},
  pmid = {8267082},
  timestamp = {2008.05.12}
}
@article{Donoho1995,
  title = {{De-noising by soft-thresholding}},
  author = {D. L. Donoho},
  journal = {{IEEE} Trans. Inform. Theory},
  year = {1995},
  pages = {613--627},
  volume = {41},
  no = {3},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2012.10.22}
}
@article{donoho1995adapting,
  title = {Adapting to unknown smoothness via wavelet shrinkage},
  author = {Donoho, David L and Johnstone, Iain M},
  journal = {Journal of the American Statistical Association},
  year = {1995},
  number = {432},
  pages = {1200--1224},
  volume = {90},
  publisher = {Taylor \& Francis Group}
}
@mastersthesis{DoostkamMS2016,
  title = {{Design and Implementation of a Portable Assistive System for Visually Impared People}},
  author = {Saman Doostkam},
  school = {Biomedical Engineering, School of Electrical \& Computer Engineering, Shiraz University},
  year = {2016},
  month = {9},
  note = {Supervised by: Dr. Reza Sameni}
}
@article{Doron2007,
  title = {{Cram\'er-Rao-Induced Bound for Blind Separation of Stationary Parametric Gaussian Sources}},
  author = {Doron, E. and Doron, E. and Yeredor, A. and Tichavsky, P.},
  journal = {{IEEE} Signal Processing Lett.},
  year = {2007},
  number = {6},
  pages = {417--420},
  volume = {14},
  doi = {10.1109/LSP.2006.888425},
  editor = {Yeredor, A.},
  issn = {1558-2361},
  keywords = {Gaussian processes, autoregressive moving average processes, blind source separation, matrix algebra, ARMA, Cramer-Rao-induced bound, autoregressive moving-average process, blind source separation algorithm, mixing matrix estimation, stationary parametric Gaussian sources, Auto-regressive (AR), Cramer&ndash, Rao bound, auto-regressive moving average (ARMA), blind source separation (BSS), independent component analysis (ICA), interference-to-signal ratio (ISR), moving average (MA)},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2008.05.15}
}
@article{Dougherty2005,
  author = {Dougherty, E.R. and Datta, A. and Sima, C.},
  journal = {Signal Processing Magazine, IEEE},
  title = {Research issues in genomic signal processing},
  year = {2005},
  issn = {1053-5888},
  month = {nov.},
  number = {6},
  pages = {46 - 68},
  volume = {22},
  abstract = {Genomic signal processing (GSP) concerns the processing of genomic signals. It may be defined as the analysis, processing, and use of genomic signals to gain biological knowledge and the translation of that knowledge into systems-based applications. In this article, the authors discuss the key research issues for GSP. It is important to recognize that "genomic signal processing" is not a name for genomic bioinformatics nor for the application of signal processing methods in genomics. We note that the research issues pertaining to GSP fit within the overall challenges confronting research in the area of multimodal biomedical systems.},
  doi = {10.1109/MSP.2005.1550189},
  keywords = {biological knowledge; genetic regulatory network; genomic signal processing; network inference; signal classification; genetics; medical signal processing; signal classification;}
}
@article{Dougherty2007,
  title = {Signal Processing in Genomics [From The Guest Editors]},
  author = {Dougherty, E.R. and Stolovitzky, G.A. and Tabus, L. and Wang, X.},
  journal = {Signal Processing Magazine, IEEE},
  year = {2007},
  month = {jan.},
  number = {1},
  pages = {16 -16},
  volume = {24},
  abstract = {Genomic signal processing has been defined as the analysis, processing, and use of genomic signals for gaining biological knowledge and the translation of that knowledge into systems-based applications.},
  doi = {10.1109/MSP.2007.273047},
  issn = {1053-5888}
}
@inproceedings{Douglas2000,
  author = {S.C. Douglas},
  booktitle = {Proc. 2nd IEEE Int. Workshop on Independent Component Analysis and Source Separation, Helsinki, Finland},
  title = {{Combined Subspace Tracking, Prewhitening, and Contrast Optimization for Noisy Blind Signal Separation }},
  year = {2000},
  month = {June},
  pages = {579-584},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2012.10.22}
}
@article{Dower1980,
  title = {On deriving the electrocardiogram from vectorcardiographic leads},
  author = {G. E. Dower and H. B. Machado and J. A. Osborne},
  journal = {Clin. Cardiol.},
  year = {1980},
  pages = {87},
  volume = {3},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2012.10.22}
}
@article{Dragosevic1995,
  author = {Dragosevic, M.V. and Stankovic, S.S.},
  journal = {Signal Processing, IEEE Transactions on},
  title = {An adaptive notch filter with improved tracking properties},
  year = {1995},
  issn = {1053-587X},
  month = {sep},
  number = {9},
  pages = {2068 -2078},
  volume = {43},
  abstract = {An analysis of the properties of an adaptive notch filter (ANF) applied to time-varying frequency tracking is presented. Starting from the derivation of an expression for ANF output power, asymptotically optimal values for the pole contraction and forgetting factors are derived for recursive prediction error (RPE) type ANF algorithms. Based on the obtained results, a new ANF algorithm that includes adaptation of both pole contraction and forgetting factors is proposed. The given experimental results confirm the theoretical conclusions and show that the proposed algorithm is highly efficient in practice},
  doi = {10.1109/78.414768},
  keywords = {adaptive notch filter; asymptotically optimal values; forgetting factors; output power; pole contraction; recursive prediction error; time-varying frequency tracking; tracking properties; adaptive filters; error analysis; notch filters; optimisation; poles and zeros; prediction theory; recursive filters; tracking filters;}
}
@book{Drose98,
  title = {Fetal Echocardiography},
  author = {Julia A. Drose},
  publisher = {Saunders W B Co},
  year = {1998},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2008.04.29}
}
@inproceedings{Dubois2009,
  title = {Efficient modeling of ECG waves for morphology tracking},
  author = {Dubois, R. and Roussel, P. and Vaglio, M. and Extramiana, F. and Badilini, F. and Maison-Blanche, P. and Dreyfus, G.},
  booktitle = {Computers in Cardiology, 2009},
  year = {2009},
  pages = {313-316},
  abstract = {We propose a new approach to fully automatic ECG wave extraction and morphology tracking. It is based on Generalized Orthogonal Forward Regression (GOFR), which allows decomposing a one-dimensional signal into a set of appropriate parameterized functions. Two applications of GOFR to ECG modeling are presented. First, in order to delineate ECG characteristic waves, we make use of a specific function, called the Gaussian Mesa function (GMF). Secondly, we track the evolution of the T-wave morphology by introducing a Bi-Gaussian function (BGF). The approach was validated on three experimental settings; the results confirm that the combination of GOFR and of an appropriate parametric function is remarkably efficient for ECG wave modeling.},
  issn = {0276-6547},
  keywords = {electrocardiography;medical signal processing;physiological models;regression analysis;ECG modeling; ECG morphology tracking;ECG wave modeling;Gaussian Mesa function;T-wave morphology;bi-Gaussian function;generalized orthogonal forward regression;morphology tracking;one-dimensional signal decomposion;wave extraction;Algorithm design and analysis;Biomedical signal processing;Databases;Electrocardiography;Iterative algorithms;Libraries;Morphology;Signal analysis;Signal processing algorithms;Vectors}
}
@article{Dumuid2008,
  title = {A comparison of filter design structures for multi-channel acoustic communication systems},
  author = {Dumuid, Pierre M and Cazzolato, Ben S and Zander, Anthony C},
  journal = {The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America},
  year = {2008},
  number = {1},
  pages = {174--185},
  volume = {123},
  owner = {sameni},
  publisher = {Acoustical Society of America},
  timestamp = {2016.10.01}
}
@book{dym2004,
  title = {Principles of Mathematical Modeling, 2e},
  author = {Dym, C.L.},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {2004},
  series = {Principles of Mathematical Modeling},
  isbn = {9780122265518},
  lccn = {2004046996}
}
@article{EP88,
  title = {Vectorcardiogram synthesized from a 12-lead {ECG}: Superiority of the inverse {D}ower matrix},
  author = {L. Edenbrandt and O Pahlm},
  journal = {J. Electrocardiol.},
  year = {1988},
  pages = {361},
  volume = {21}
}
@phdthesis{Ehsandoust2018,
  title = {Nonlinear Source Separation},
  author = {Bahram Ehsandoust},
  school = {Sharif University of Technology and Communaut\'{e} Universit\'{e} Grenoble Alpes},
  year = {2018},
  month = {May},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2018.05.14}
}
@article{Einthoven1895,
  title = {{\"Uber die Form des menschlichen electrocardiogramms}},
  author = {W Einthoven},
  journal = {Arch Gesamte Physiol.},
  year = {1895},
  pages = {101--123},
  volume = {60},
  owner = {Reza Sameni},
  timestamp = {2008.05.11}
}
@article{Eldar2009,
  title = {{Generalized SURE for Exponential Families: Applications to Regularization}},
  author = {Eldar, Y.C.},
  journal = {Signal Processing, IEEE Transactions on},
  year = {2009},
  month = {Feb},
  number = {2},
  pages = {471-481},
  volume = {57},
  abstract = {Stein's unbiased risk estimate (SURE) was proposed by Stein for the independent, identically distributed (i.i.d.) Gaussian model in order to derive estimates that dominate least squares (LS). Recently, the SURE criterion has been employed in a variety of denoising problems for choosing regularization parameters that minimize an estimate of the mean-squared error (MSE). However, its use has been limited to the i.i.d. case which precludes many important applications. In this paper we begin by deriving a SURE counterpart for general, not necessarily i.i.d. distributions from the exponential family. This enables extending the SURE design technique to a much broader class of problems. Based on this generalization we suggest a new method for choosing regularization parameters in penalized LS estimators. We then demonstrate its superior performance over the conventional generalized cross validation and discrepancy approaches in the context of image deblurring and deconvolution. The SURE technique can also be used to design estimates without predefining their structure. However, allowing for too many free parameters impairs the estimate's performance. To address this inherent tradeoff, we propose a regularized SURE objective, and demonstrate its use in the context of wavelet denoising.},
  doi = {10.1109/TSP.2008.2008212},
  issn = {1053-587X},
  keywords = {Gaussian processes;image denoising;image restoration;least mean squares methods;risk analysis;wavelet transforms;MSE;Stein unbiased risk estimate;denoising problems;exponential families;image deblurring;image deconvolution;independent identically distributed Gaussian model;least squares;mean-squared error;wavelet denoising;Deconvolution;MSE estimation;Stein unbiased risk estimate;regularization}
}
@article{Espy03,
  author = {Espy, M.A. and Matlachov, A.N. and Kraus, R.H. and Betts, J.B.},
  journal = {Applied Superconductivity, IEEE Transactions on},
  title = {{SQUID noise as a function of temperature: a survey of three SQUID's}},
  year = {2003},
  issn = {1051-8223},
  month = {june},
  number = {2},
  pages = {731 - 734},
  volume = {13},
  abstract = {The temperature dependence of SQUID noise was tested over a temperature range from 0.3-4 K for SQUID's of three different manufactures, two designed for user supplied pick-up coils and one a magnetometer. A SQUID-based picovoltmeter, designed to reduce noise contributions for cables and electronics was used to read out the signal from the SQUID being investigated. The data were taken in support of a physics experiment which will use SQUID's to measure the precession frequency of spin polarized 3He, acting as a comagnetometer with spin polarized ultra cold neutrons (UCN). The final aim of the experiment is to measure the neutron electric dipole moment to 4 times;10-28 ecm. The 3He and UCN will be in a bath at temperatures <0.5 K. The noise performance of the SQUID's at these temperatures must be well understood before the experiment. The results of the noise studies as a function of temperature are presented for the three SQUID's and their behavior is compared to theoretical predictions based on SQUID parameters.},
  doi = {10.1109/TASC.2003.814019},
  keywords = {0.3 to 4 K; He; SQUID noise; comagnetometer; magnetometer; neutron electric dipole moment; pick-up coil; picovoltmeter; precession frequency; spin polarized ultra cold neutrons; temperature dependence;spin polarized 3He; SQUID magnetometers; superconducting device noise;}
}
@article{Eswaran2005,
  title = {Fetal magnetoencephalography�a multimodal approach},
  author = {Hari Eswaran and Curtis L. Lowery and James D. Wilson and Pam Murphy and Hubert Preissl},
  journal = {Developmental Brain Research},
  year = {2005},
  number = {1},
  pages = {57 - 62},
  volume = {154},
  doi = {10.1016/j.devbrainres.2004.10.003},
  issn = {0165-3806},
  keywords = {Magnetoencephalography},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2012.10.22},
  url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165380604003062}
}
@article{Eswaran2002,
  title = {Short-term serial magnetoencephalography recordings of fetal auditory evoked responses},
  author = {H. Eswaran and H. Preissl and J. D. Wilson and P. Murphy and S. E. Robinson and D. Rose and J. Vrba and C. Lowery},
  journal = {Neuroscience letters},
  year = {2002},
  number = {2},
  pages = {128--132},
  volume = {331},
  booktitle = {{Neurosci. Lett.}},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2012.10.22}
}
@misc{Evans,
  title = {{An Introduction to Stochastic Differential Equations}},
  author = {Lawrence C. Evans},
  note = {{Lecture notes: Version 1.2}},
  publisher = {{Department of Mathematics, UC Berkeley}},
  url = {http://math.berkeley.edu/~evans/}
}
@phdthesis{farquharson2006estimating,
  title = {{Estimating the parameters of polynomial phase signals}},
  author = {Farquharson, Maree Louise},
  school = {{Queensland University of Technology}},
  year = {2006},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2016.06.25}
}
@article{Farvet1968,
  title = {{Computer Matched Filter Location of Fetal R-Waves}},
  author = {A. G. Farvet},
  journal = {Medical \& Biological Engineering},
  year = {1968},
  month = {September},
  number = {5},
  pages = {467--475},
  volume = {6},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2008.04.29}
}
@mastersthesis{MarziehFatemiMS2013,
  title = {{Application of Subspace Tracking Techniques for Fetal Cardiac Signal Extraction}},
  author = {Marzieh Fatemi},
  school = {Biomedical Engineering, School of Electrical \& Computer Engineering, Shiraz University},
  year = {2013},
  month = {3},
  note = {Supervised by: Dr. Reza Sameni}
}
@inproceedings{FatemiCINC2013,
  title = {{A Robust Framework for Noninvasive Extraction of Fetal Electrocardiogram Signals}},
  author = {Marzieh Fatemi and Mohammad Niknazar and Reza Sameni},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 40th Annual International Conference on Computers in Cardiology},
  year = {2013},
  address = {Zaragoza, Spain},
  month = {September 22-25},
  pages = {201--204},
  vol = {40}
}
@article{Fatemi2017,
  title = {{An Online Subspace Denoising Algorithm for Maternal ECG Removal from Fetal ECG Signals}},
  author = {Marzieh Fatemi and Reza Sameni},
  journal = {Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions of Electrical Engineering},
  year = {2017},
  month = {April},
  pages = {1--15},
  volume = {2017},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2012.10.21},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40998-017-0018-4}
}
@inproceedings{FatemiSameni2013,
  title = {{Application of second and higher order subspace tracking in multichannel data analysis}},
  author = {Fatemi, M. and Sameni, R.},
  booktitle = {Biomedical Engineering (ICBME), 2013 20th Iranian Conference on},
  year = {2013},
  month = {Dec},
  pages = {161-165},
  abstract = {The problem of blind source separation (BSS) and tracking from time-varying mixtures is an open-problem of biomedical signal processing research. In this study we present a framework for decomposing and tracking instantaneous separation matrices of independent component analysis (ICA) solutions of BSS. The decomposition is based on the tracking of the second order statistics (SOS) and higher order statistic (HOS) stages of ICA. We investigate the variations of data subspaces by means of tracking the principal angle and Givens rotation angles of the instantaneous mixture. The application of this technique is illustrated for electrocardiogram signals. We shown how the SOS and HOS variations of time-varying mixtures can be decoupled and may correspond to the second and higher order properties of the data. This new approach is believed to have various advantages for online subspace tracking in blind and semi-blind scenarios and the better examination of statistic characteristics of multichannel data, especially for biosignal processing.},
  keywords = {blind source separation;electrocardiography;independent component analysis;medical signal processing;statistics;BSS;Givens rotation angles;ICA;biomedical signal processing;blind scenarios;blind source separation;electrocardiogram signals;higher order statistic;higher order subspace tracking;independent component analysis;instantaneous separation matrices;multichannel data analysis;online subspace tracking;principal angle;second order statistics;second order subspace tracking;semiblind scenarios;time-varying mixtures;Biomedical engineering;Educational institutions;Eigenvalues and eigenfunctions;Electrocardiography;Matrix decomposition;Source separation;Vectors},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ICBME.2013.6782211}
}
@phdthesis{DavoodFattahiPHD2018,
  author = {Davood Fattahi},
  school = {Biomedical Engineering, School of Electrical \& Computer Engineering, Shiraz University},
  title = {{A Statistical Framework for Cardiac Parameter Estimation}},
  year = {2017},
  note = {[Due date: 2021], Supervised by: Dr. Reza Sameni}
}
@phdthesis{NasimKatebiPHD2021,
  author = {Nasim Katebi},
  school = {Department of Biomedical Informatics, Emory University},
  title = {{Detection of adverse events in pregnancy using a low cost 1D Doppler ultrasound signal}},
  year = {2021},
  note = {[Due date: 2021], Co-supervised with Dr. Gari Clifford}
}
@article{Fattahi2022CramerRao,
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1109/tsp.2022.3182113},
  year = {2022},
  publisher = {Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ({IEEE})},
  pages = {1--12},
  author = {Davood Fattahi and Reza Sameni},
  title = {Cram{\'{e}}r-Rao Lower Bounds of Model-Based Electrocardiogram Parameter Estimation},
  journal = {{IEEE} Transactions on Signal Processing}
}
@article{Fattahi2022HeartSound,
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3170052},
  year = {2022},
  publisher = {Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ({IEEE})},
  volume = {10},
  pages = {50715--50727},
  author = {Davood Fattahi and Reza Sameni and Ethan Grooby and Kenneth Tan and Lindsay Zhou and Arrabella King and Ashwin Ramanathan and Atul Malhotra and Faezeh Marzbanrad},
  title = {A Blind Filtering Framework for Noisy Neonatal Chest Sounds},
  journal = {{IEEE} Access}
}
@article{Fell2011,
  author = {Fell, Juergen and Axmacher, Nikolai},
  journal = {Nature reviews neuroscience},
  title = {The role of phase synchronization in memory processes},
  year = {2011},
  number = {2},
  pages = {105--118},
  volume = {12},
  groups = {[sameni:]},
  owner = {sameni},
  publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
  timestamp = {2016.10.01}
}
@article{Ferdjallah94,
  title = {{Adaptive digital notch filter design on the unit circle for the removal of powerline noise from biomedical signals}},
  author = {Ferdjallah, M. and Barr, R.E.},
  journal = {Biomedical Engineering, IEEE Transactions on},
  year = {1994},
  month = {June},
  number = {6},
  pages = {529-536},
  volume = {41},
  doi = {10.1109/10.293240},
  issn = {0018-9294},
  keywords = {adaptive filters, biomedical electronics, interference (signal), medical signal processing, notch filters60 Hz, adaptive digital notch filter design, biomedical signals, center frequency variation, constrained least mean-squared algorithm, frequency variation distribution, noisy EEG, pole-zero placement, powerline noise removal, powerline noise sample, predefined attenuation level, unit circle}
}
@article{Ferreol2000,
  title = {{On the Behavior of Current Second and Higher Order Blind Source Separation Methods for Cyclostationary Sources}},
  author = {A. Ferreol and P. Chevalier},
  journal = {{IEEE} Trans. Signal Processing},
  year = {2000},
  month = {June},
  pages = {1712--1725},
  volume = {48},
  no = {6}
}
@book{FinkBeaty06,
  title = {{Standard Handbook for Electrical Engineers},, 1978, ISBN 0-07-020974-X, page 16-15, 16-16},
  author = {Donald G. Fink and H. Wayne Beaty},
  publisher = {McGraw-Hill},
  year = {2006},
  edition = {15th},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2010.07.07}
}
@mastersthesis{ForooziMS2018,
  title = {{A Hardware Architecture for Efficient Implementation of Elementary Functions}},
  author = {Niloofar Firoozi},
  school = {Computer Architecture, School of Electrical \& Computer Engineering, Shiraz University},
  year = {2018},
  month = {9},
  note = {Supervised by: Dr. Reza Sameni}
}
@book{flandrin1999time,
  title = {Time-frequency/time-scale analysis},
  author = {Flandrin, P.},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1999},
  series = {Wavelet analysis and its applications},
  isbn = {9780122598708},
  lccn = {98038814}
}
@article{GeraldFFletcher07042001,
  title = {{Exercise Standards : A Statement for Healthcare Professionals From the American Heart Association}},
  author = {Fletcher, Gerald F. and Balady, Gary and Froelicher, Victor F. and Hartley, L. Howard and Haskell, William L. and Pollock, Michael L.},
  journal = {Circulation},
  year = {2001},
  number = {2},
  pages = {580-615},
  volume = {91},
  url = {http://circ.ahajournals.org}
}
@techreport{Fodor2002,
  title = {A survey of dimension reduction techniques},
  author = {I. K. Fodor},
  institution = {U.S. Department of Energy},
  year = {2002},
  month = {June},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2008.04.30},
  url = {https://e-reports-ext.llnl.gov/pdf/240921.pdf}
}
@article{ERNESTFRANK05011956,
  title = {{An Accurate, Clinically Practical System For Spatial Vectorcardiography}},
  author = {Frank, Ernest},
  journal = {Circulation},
  year = {1956},
  number = {5},
  pages = {737-749},
  volume = {13},
  abstract = {This paper describes a news improved system of spatial vectorcardiography that is practical for clinical use. It represents an optimum compromise among such factors as soundness of theoretic basis, accuracy, reproducibility, signal-to-noise ratio, and speed of application. Some of its advantages over currently employed systems include a rational physical basis, corrections for torso shape, avoidance of left arm, insensitivity to individual variability of ventricle location, and accuracy comparable to applicability of 3-dimensional torso-model data to the human subject. Detailed description of electrode placement, practical procedures, and useful technics is included.},
  eprint = {http://circ.ahajournals.org/cgi/reprint/13/5/737.pdf},
  url = {http://circ.ahajournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/13/5/737}
}
@book{franklin1998digital,
  title = {{Digital control of dynamic systems}},
  author = {Franklin, G. F. and Powell, J. D. and Workman, M. L.},
  publisher = {Addison-Wesley},
  year = {1998},
  isbn = {9780201820546},
  lccn = {97035994}
}
@article{FreemanWJ2002,
  author = {Freeman WJ, Rogers LJ},
  journal = {Journal of Neurophysiology},
  title = {Fine temporal resolution of analytic phase reveals episodic synchronization by state transitions in gamma EEG},
  year = {2002},
  pages = {937?945},
  volume = {87},
  groups = {[sameni:]},
  owner = {aras},
  timestamp = {2016.07.17}
}
@book{Freeman91,
  title = {Fetal heart rate monitoring},
  author = {Roger K. Freeman and Thomas J. Garite and Michael P. Nageotte},
  editor = {2nd},
  publisher = {Williams \& Wilkins},
  year = {1991},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2009.06.01}
}
@article{freeman2007hilbert,
  title = {Hilbert transform for brain waves},
  author = {Freeman, Walter J},
  journal = {Scholarpedia},
  year = {2007},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1338},
  volume = {2}
}
@article{freeman2003aperiodic,
  title = {Aperiodic phase re-setting in scalp EEG of beta--gamma oscillations by state transitions at alpha--theta rates},
  author = {Freeman, Walter J and Burke, Brian C and Holmes, Mark D},
  journal = {Human brain mapping},
  year = {2003},
  number = {4},
  pages = {248--272},
  volume = {19},
  publisher = {Wiley Online Library}
}
@article{Frenkel99,
  author = {Frenkel, L. and Feder, M.},
  journal = {IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing},
  title = {{Recursive Expectation-Maximization (EM) Algorithms for Time-varying Parameters with Applications to Multiple Target Tracking}},
  year = {1999},
  month = feb,
  pages = {306-320},
  volume = {47},
  no = {2}
}
@article{friesen90,
  title = {{A comparison of the noise sensitivity of nine QRS detection algorithms}},
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  volume = {1},
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  timestamp = {2016.10.01}
}
@book{Fukunaga1990,
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@manual{FastICA,
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@article{GaborNelson1954,
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  abstract = {By means of the vector calculus, it is proved that the magnitude, orientation, and location of the resultant dipole of a system of sources and sinks inside a finite volume conductor is given by an integration over the bounding surface. The method is applied to finding the ``heart vector,'' or the resultant dipole moment of the human heart. The theory was checked in two- and three-dimensional electrolytic tank models of the human thorax. Journal of Applied Physics is copyrighted by The American Institute of Physics.},
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@inproceedings{PG03,
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@article{Genevier95,
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@article{Ges89,
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@article{Geselowitz1989,
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  year = {1989},
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  pages = {857--876},
  volume = {77},
  owner = {sameni},
  publisher = {IEEE},
  timestamp = {2016.10.01}
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@book{Ghanem2003,
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  timestamp = {2009.04.22}
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@book{giordano2008,
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}
@article{Glover1977,
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  journal = {Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, IEEE Transactions on},
  title = {{Adaptive Noise Canceling Applied to Sinusoidal Interferences}},
  year = {1977},
  issn = {0096-3518},
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  volume = {25},
  abstract = {This paper investigates a new method for eliminating sinusoidal or other periodic interference corrupting a signal. This task is typically accomplished by explicitly measuring the frequency of the interference and implementing a notch filter at that frequency. The method proposed herein uses an adaptive filter to eliminate the interference. The procedure is called adaptive noise canceling and is applicable when an auxiliary reference input is available containing the interference alone. The reference input is filtered in such a way that it closely matches the interfering sinusoid, and is then subtracted from the primary input leaving the signal alone. The results of this research show that when a sum of sinusoids is applied to an adaptive filter, the filter converges to a dynamic solution in which the weights of the filter are time varying. This time-varying solution implements a tunable notch filter, with a notch located at each of the reference frequencies. When used in noise-canceling applications, this adaptive notch filter provides a simple alternative to other methods of tracking and eliminating sinusoidal interferences.}
}
@article{PhysioNet,
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  journal = {Circulation},
  year = {2000},
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  volume = {101}
}
@book{Golub96,
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@article{golub1999tikhonov,
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@article{Goodyer42,
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@inproceedings{Gordon1985,
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@inproceedings{GNE01,
  title = {{Improving the transform domain ECG denoising performance by applying interbeat and intra-beat decorrelating transforms}},
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  booktitle = {Proc. of the 2001 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems; IEEE Circuits and Systems Society 2001},
  year = {2001},
  address = {Sydney, Australia},
  pages = {17-20}
}
@inproceedings{GouyPailler09,
  title = {{Iterative Subspace Decomposition for Ocular Artifact Removal from EEG Recordings}},
  author = {C. Gouy-Pailler and R. Sameni and M. Congedo and C. Jutten},
  booktitle = {Proc. of the 8th Intl. Conf. on Independent Component (ICA 2009)},
  year = {2009},
  address = {Paraty, Brazil},
  pages = {419--426},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2008.04.22},
  url = {https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-642-00599-2_53}
}
@article{Govindan2011,
  title = {A novel approach to track fetal movement using multi-sensor magnetocardiographic recordings},
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  journal = {Annals of biomedical engineering},
  year = {2011},
  number = {3},
  pages = {964--972},
  volume = {39},
  owner = {sameni},
  publisher = {Springer},
  timestamp = {2016.10.01}
}
@article{Granger1988,
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  author = {Granger, Clive WJ},
  journal = {Journal of econometrics},
  year = {1988},
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  pages = {199--211},
  volume = {39},
  owner = {sameni},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  timestamp = {2016.10.01}
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@inproceedings{Graupe2007,
  title = {Extracting fetal from maternal ECG for early diagnosis: theoretical problems and solutions - BAF and ICA},
  author = {Graupe, Daniel and Zhong, Yunde and Graupe, Menachem H.},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the fifth IASTED International Conference: biomedical engineering},
  year = {2007},
  address = {Anaheim, CA, USA},
  pages = {352--356},
  publisher = {ACTA Press},
  series = {BIEN '07},
  acmid = {1295558},
  keywords = {ICA, P-Wave, T-Wave, beat-wise ECG, blind adaptive filter, fetal ECG},
  location = {Innsbruck, Austria},
  numpages = {5},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2012.10.22},
  url = {http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1295494.1295558}
}
@article{Greene89,
  title = {Long-term ST waveform changes in the ovine fetal electrocardiogram: the relationship to spontaneous labour and intrauterine death},
  author = {K R Greene and K G Rosen},
  journal = {Clinical Physics and Physiological Measurement},
  year = {1989},
  number = {4B},
  pages = {33-40},
  volume = {10},
  abstract = {The present data, obtained from chronically instrumented fetal lambs, includes three fetuses monitored throughout spontaneous labour, six fetuses with spontaneously developed long-term ST waveform changes and another three fetuses which died in the post-operative period. Uterine contractions could by themselves cause an increase in T wave height (T/QRS ratio$>$0.30). If the ST elevation was normalised between contractions the fetus seemed to compensate to a moderate degree of hypoxia. When oxygenation was further reduced the T wave remained elevated between contractions and a progressive increase occurred in the T/QRS ratio ($>$0.60) during the final stages of labour, in parallel with increasing blood lactate levels. Death in utero, whatever the cause (bleeding, infection or spontaneous hypoxia), was always preceded by marked ST waveform changes. It is concluded that ST elevation with high peaked T waves can appear on a long-term basis in fetuses with intrauterine complications.},
  url = {http://stacks.iop.org/0143-0815/10/33}
}
@book{grewal2007global,
  title = {Global Positioning Systems, Inertial Navigation, and Integration},
  author = {Grewal, M.S. and Weill, L.R. and Andrews, A.P.},
  publisher = {Wiley},
  year = {2007},
  isbn = {9780470099711}
}
@book{GrewalAndrews01,
  title = {{Kalman Filtering: Theory and Practice Using Matlab}},
  author = {M. S. Grewal and A. P. Andrews},
  publisher = {John Wiley \& Sons, Inc.},
  year = {2001},
  edition = {2nd},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2010.06.19}
}
@inproceedings{ICA03:Gribonval,
  title = {{Proposals for Performance Measurement in Source Separation}},
  author = {R. Gribonval and L. Benaroya and E. Vincent and C. F{\'e}votte},
  booktitle = {Proc. 4th International Symposium on Independent Component Analysis and Blind Signal Separation (ICA2003)},
  year = {2003},
  address = {Nara, Japan},
  month = apr,
  pages = {763--768}
}
@article{Grimm2003,
  title = {{Recommended standards for fetal magnetocardiography}},
  author = {B. Grimm and J. Haueisen and M. Huotilainen and S. Lange and P. {van Leeuwen} and T. Menendez and M. J. Peters and E. Schleussner and U. Schneider},
  journal = {{Pacing Clin. Electrophysiol.}},
  year = {2003},
  pages = {2121--2126},
  volume = {26}
}
@article{Grouiller2007,
  title = {{A comparative study of different artefact removal algorithms for EEG signals acquired during functional MRI}},
  author = {F. Grouiller and L. Vercueil and A. Krainik and C. Segebarth and P Kahane and O David},
  journal = {NeuroImage},
  year = {2007},
  number = {1},
  pages = {124--37},
  volume = {38}
}
@article{Gulrajani98,
  title = {The forward and inverse problems of electrocardiography},
  author = {Gulrajani, R.M.},
  journal = {Engineering in Medicine and Biology Magazine, IEEE},
  year = {Sep/Oct 1998},
  number = {5},
  pages = {84-101, 122},
  volume = {17},
  abstract = {This article summarizes the theoretical underpinnings of both the forward and inverse problems of electrocardiography. Space limitations prohibit describing all of the research work done in these areas, and the author apologizes in advance for any omissions on this account or due to oversight. The article should enable one to gain a better qualitative and quantitative understanding of the heart's electrical activity},
  doi = {10.1109/51.715491},
  issn = {0739-5175},
  keywords = {electrocardiography, inverse problems, reviewsECG forward problem, ECG inverse problem, cardiac electrophysiology, heart electrical activity, theoretical underpinnings}
}
@book{Gumbel58,
  title = {Statistics of Extremes},
  author = {Gumbel, E. J.},
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  year = {1958}
}
@book{Har01,
  title = {Frequency-warped autoregressive modeling and filtering},
  author = {A. H\"{a}rm\"{a}},
  publisher = {Helsinki University of Technology, Espoo, Finland},
  year = {2001},
  url = {http://lib.tkk.fi/Diss/2001/isbn9512254603/}
}
@article{HBV04,
  title = {{A novel mobile transtelephonic system with synthesized 12-lead {ECG}}},
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  journal = {{IEEE} Trans. Inform. Technol. Biomed.},
  year = {2004},
  month = {Dec.},
  pages = {428-438},
  volume = {8},
  no = {4}
}
@book{haefner2005,
  title = {Modeling Biological Systems: Principles and Applications},
  author = {Haefner, J.W.},
  publisher = {Springer},
  year = {2005},
  isbn = {9780387250113},
  lccn = {05042543}
}
@inproceedings{haghpanahi2014scoring,
  title = {{Scoring consensus of multiple ECG annotators by optimal sequence alignment}},
  author = {Haghpanahi, Masoumeh and Sameni, Reza and Borkholder, David A},
  booktitle = {Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC), 2014 36th Annual International Conference of the IEEE},
  year = {2014},
  organization = {IEEE},
  pages = {1855--1859},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1109/EMBC.2014.6943971}
}
@inproceedings{DolzhikovaIrina2021,
  title = {{An Ensemble CNN for Subject-Independent Classification of Motor Imagery-Based EEG}},
  author = {Irina Dolzhikova and Berdakh Abibullaev and Reza Sameni and Amin Zollanvari},
  booktitle = {Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC), 43rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE, Guadalajara, Mexico, Nov 1--5 2021},
  year = {2021},
  organization = {IEEE},
  pages = {1--6}
}
@inproceedings{HMM03,
  title = {{Analysing ICA components by injecting noise}},
  author = {S. Hamerling and F. Meinecke and K.-R. {M\"{u}ller}},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 4th Int. Symp. on Independent Component Analysis and Blind Source Separation (ICA2003)},
  year = {2003},
  address = {Nara, Japan},
  month = {April 1-4},
  pages = {149-154},
  url = {http://www.lis.inpg.fr/pages_perso/bliss/deliverables/d19.html}
}
@article{Hamilton96,
  title = {{A comparison of adaptive and nonadaptive filters for reduction of power line interference in the ECG}},
  author = {Hamilton, P.S.},
  journal = {Biomedical Engineering, IEEE Transactions on},
  year = {1996},
  month = {January},
  number = {1},
  pages = {105-109},
  volume = {43},
  abstract = {We have investigated the relative performance of an adaptive and nonadaptive 60-Hz notch filter applied to an ECG signal. We evaluated the performance of the two implementations with respect to adaptation rate (or transient response time), signal distortion, and implementation complexity. We also investigated the relative effect of adaptive and nonadaptive 60-Hz filtering on ECG data compression. With a 360 Hz sample rate and an adaptation time of approximately 0.3 s for a 1 mV 60-Hz signal, the adaptive implementation is less complex and introduces less noise, particularly in the ST-segment, into a typical ECG signal. When applied to ECG signals, prior to data compression by average beat subtraction and residual differencing, the residual signal resulting from the adaptively filtered signal had an average entropy 0.31 bits per sample (bps) lower than the unfiltered signal. The nonadaptive 60-Hz filter produced an average entropy decrease of 0.08 bps relative to the unfiltered ECG},
  doi = {10.1109/10.477707},
  issn = {0018-9294},
  keywords = {adaptive filters, adaptive signal processing, data compression, electrocardiography, entropy, interference suppression, medical signal processing, notch filters0.3 s, 1 mV, 360 Hz, 60 Hz, ECG, ECG data compression, ST-segment, adaptation rate, adaptation time, adaptive filters, adaptive implementation, average beat subtraction, average entropy, implementation complexity, noise, nonadaptive filters, notch filter, power line interference, residual differencing, residual signal, sample rate, signal distortion, transient response time}
}
@book{hansen1999curve,
  title = {The L-curve and its use in the numerical treatment of inverse problems},
  author = {Hansen, Per Christian},
  publisher = {IMM, Department of Mathematical Modelling, Technical Universityof Denmark},
  year = {1999}
}
@inproceedings{Hassani2012,
  title = {{Using matched filters for similarity search in genomic data}},
  author = {Hassani Saadi, Hamed and Sameni, Reza},
  booktitle = {{Proceedings of the 16th CSI International Symposium on Artificial Intelligence and Signal Processing (AISP)}},
  year = {2012},
  address = {Shiraz, Iran},
  month = {2-3 May 2012},
  pages = {469--472},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2012.10.23},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1109/AISP.2012.6313793}
}
@article{HassaniSaadi2017,
  title = {Interpretive time-frequency analysis of genomic sequences},
  author = {Hassani Saadi, Hamed and Sameni, Reza and Zollanvari, Amin},
  journal = {BMC Bioinformatics},
  year = {2017},
  number = {4},
  pages = {154},
  volume = {18},
  abstract = {Time-Frequency (TF) analysis has been extensively used for the analysis of non-stationary numeric signals in the past decade. At the same time, recent studies have statistically confirmed the non-stationarity of genomic non-numeric sequences and suggested the use of non-stationary analysis for these sequences. The conventional approach to analyze non-numeric genomic sequences using techniques specific to numerical data is to convert non-numerical data into numerical values in some way and then apply time or transform domain signal processing algorithms. Nevertheless, this approach raises questions regarding the relative magnitudes under numeric transforms, which can potentially lead to spurious patterns or misinterpretation of results.},
  issn = {1471-2105},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12859-017-1524-0}
}
@mastersthesis{HamedHassaniSaadiMS2013,
  title = {{Application of Signal Processing Algorithms for Non-numeric Data}},
  author = {Hamed Hassani-Saadi},
  school = {Artificial Intelligence, School of Electrical \& Computer Engineering, Shiraz University},
  year = {2013},
  month = {3},
  note = {Supervised by: Dr. Reza Sameni}
}
@article{He05,
  title = {Application of {ICA} in removing artefacts from the {ECG}},
  author = {He, T. and Clifford, G. D. and Tarassenko, L.},
  journal = {Neural Processing Letters},
  year = {2006},
  note = {In Press},
  number = {2},
  pages = {105-116},
  volume = {15}
}
@book{Hilborn2000,
  title = {Chaos and Nonlinear Dynamics},
  author = {R. C. Hilborn},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {2000},
  edition = {Second}
}
@article{HANC07,
  title = {Performance comparison of six independent components analysis algorithms for fetal signal extraction from real {fMCG} data},
  author = {Kenneth E Hild and Giovanna Alleva and Srikantan Nagarajan and Silvia Comani},
  journal = {Phys. Med. Biol.},
  year = {2007},
  pages = {449-462},
  volume = {512},
  url = {doi:10.1088/0031-9155/52/2/010}
}
@article{Hodges97,
  title = {{Rate Correction of the QT Interval}},
  author = {Morrison Hodges},
  journal = {Cardiac Electrophysiology Review},
  year = {1997},
  pages = {360--363},
  volume = {3},
  owner = {a},
  timestamp = {2009.01.13}
}
@article{Hogenauer1981,
  title = {An economical class of digital filters for decimation and interpolation},
  author = {Hogenauer, E.},
  journal = {Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, IEEE Transactions on},
  year = {1981},
  month = {Apr},
  number = {2},
  pages = {155-162},
  volume = {29},
  abstract = {A class of digital linear phase finite impulse response (FIR) filters for decimation (sampling rate decrease) and interpolation (sampling rate increase) are presented. They require no multipliers and use limited storage making them an economical alternative to conventional implementations for certain applications. A digital filter in this class consists of cascaded ideal integrator stages operating at a high sampling rate and an equal number of comb stages operating at a low sampling rate. Together, a single integrator-comb pair produces a uniform FIR. The number of cascaded integrator-comb pairs is chosen to meet design requirements for aliasing or imaging error. Design procedures and examples are given for both decimation and interpolation filters with the emphasis on frequency response and register width.},
  doi = {10.1109/TASSP.1981.1163535},
  issn = {0096-3518},
  keywords = {Adders;Band pass filters;Digital filters;Finite impulse response filter;Frequency response;Hardware;Interpolation;Passband;Sampling methods;Signal sampling},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2014.06.25}
}
@book{Holmes1998,
  title = {{Turbulence, Coherent Structures, Dynamical Systems and Symmetry}},
  author = {Philip Holmes and John L. Lumley and Gal Berkooz},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1998},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2009.04.22}
}
@article{hon60,
  title = {The instrumentation of fetal heart rate and fetal electrocardiography I. A fetal heart rate monitor},
  author = {Hon, E. H.},
  journal = {Conn Med},
  year = {1960},
  pages = {289--293},
  volume = {24}
}
@article{Horimoto04,
  title = {Does maternal blood cortisol entrain fetal diurnal rhythm?},
  author = {Horimoto, N. and Morokuma, S. and Nakano, H.},
  journal = {Early Human Development},
  year = {2004},
  number = {1},
  pages = {55-64},
  volume = {76}
}
@article{Hornberger2007,
  author = {Lisa K Hornberger and David J Sahn},
  journal = {Heart},
  title = {Rhythm abnormalities of the fetus.},
  year = {2007},
  month = {Oct},
  number = {10},
  pages = {1294--1300},
  volume = {93},
  doi = {10.1136/hrt.2005.069369},
  institution = {Fetal Treatment Center, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.},
  keywords = {Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Echocardiography; Female; Fetal Diseases; Humans; Pregnancy; Ultrasonography, Prenatal},
  owner = {Reza Sameni},
  pii = {93/10/1294},
  pmid = {17890709},
  timestamp = {2008.05.11},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/hrt.2005.069369}
}
@article{Hoyer2013,
  title = {Fetal functional brain age assessed from universal developmental indices obtained from neuro-vegetative activity patterns},
  author = {Hoyer, Dirk and Tetschke, Florian and Jaekel, Susan and Nowack, Samuel and Witte, Otto W and Schleu{\ss}ner, Ekkehard and Schneider, Uwe},
  journal = {PloS one},
  year = {2013},
  number = {9},
  pages = {e74431},
  volume = {8},
  owner = {sameni},
  publisher = {Public Library of Science},
  timestamp = {2016.10.01}
}
@article{HuX06,
  title = {{A single-lead {ECG} enhancement algorithm using a regularized data-driven filter}},
  author = {Hu, X. and Nenov, V.},
  journal = {Biomedical Engineering, IEEE Transactions on},
  year = {2006},
  month = feb,
  pages = {347-351},
  volume = {53},
  no = {2}
}
@article{Huotilainen2005,
  title = {Short-term memory functions of the human fetus recorded with magnetoencephalography},
  author = {M. Huotilainen and A. Kujala and M. Hotakainen and L. Parkkonen and S. Taulu and J. Simola and J. Nenonen and M. Karjalainen and R. Naatanen},
  journal = neuroreport,
  year = {2005},
  pages = {81--84},
  volume = {19},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2012.10.22}
}
@article{Hurst1998,
  title = {{Naming of the waves in the ECG, with a brief account of their genesis}},
  author = {J. W. Hurst},
  journal = {Circulation},
  year = {1998},
  month = {Nov},
  number = {18},
  pages = {1937--1942},
  volume = {98},
  institution = {Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Medicine Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.},
  keywords = {Cardiology; Electrocardiography; History, 16th Century; History, 17th Century; History, 19th Century; Humans; Portraits as Topic},
  owner = {Reza Sameni},
  pmid = {9799216},
  timestamp = {2008.05.11}
}
@article{hyv00emergence,
  title = {Emergence of phase and shift invariant features by decomposition of natural images into independent feature subspaces},
  author = {A. Hyv{\"a}rinen and P. Hoyer},
  journal = {Neural Computation},
  year = {2000},
  number = {7},
  pages = {1705--1720},
  volume = {12},
  url = {citeseer.ist.psu.edu/hyv00emergence.html}
}
@book{HKO01,
  title = {Independent Component Analysis},
  author = {A. Hyv\"{a}rinen and J. Karhunen and E. Oja},
  publisher = {Wiley-Interscience},
  year = {2001}
}
@inproceedings{HSV99,
  title = {{Spikes and bumps: Artefacts generated by independent component analysis with insufficient sample size}},
  author = {A. {Hyv\"{a}rinen} and J. {S\"{a}rel\"{a}} and R. {Vig\'{a}rio}},
  booktitle = {Int. Workshop on Independent Component Analysis and Signal Separation (ICA'99)},
  year = {1999},
  address = {Aussois, France},
  pages = {425--429},
  url = {http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu/513307.html}
}
@book{Hyvarinen2001,
  title = {Independent Component Analysis},
  author = {A. Hyvarinen and J. Karhunen and E. Oja},
  publisher = {Wiley-Interscience},
  year = {2001},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2012.10.22}
}
@article{Ihar06,
  title = {{Atrial repolarization as observable during the PQ interval}},
  author = {Ihara, Z. and van Oosterom, A. and Hoekema, R.},
  journal = {{Journal of Electrocardiology}},
  year = {2006},
  pages = {290--297},
  volume = {39}
}
@article{IlleBS02,
  title = {Artifact correction of the ongoing {EEG} using spatial filters based on artifact and brain signal topographies.},
  author = {Nicole Ille and Patrick Berg and Michael Scherg},
  journal = {J. Clin. Neurophysiol.},
  year = {2002},
  month = {Apr},
  number = {2},
  pages = {113--124},
  volume = {19},
  abstract = {Review and analysis of continuous EEG recordings may be impeded by physiological artifacts such as blinks, eye movements, or cardiac activity. Spatial filters based on artifact and brain signal topographies can remove artifacts completely without distortion of relevant brain activity. The authors describe the basic principle of artifact correction by spatial filtering and they review different approaches to estimate artifact and brain signal topographies. The main focus is on the preselection approach, which is fast enough to be applied while paging through the segments of a digital EEG recording. Examples of real EEG segments, containing epileptic seizure activity or interictal spikes contaminated by artifacts, show that spatial filtering by preselection can be a useful tool during EEG review. Advantages and disadvantages of the different spatial filter approaches are discussed.},
  file = {IlleBS02.pdf:IlleBS02.pdf:PDF},
  institution = {Section of Biomagnetism, Department of Neurology, University of Heidelberg, Germany.},
  keywords = {Artifacts; Brain; Brain Mapping; Computer Simulation; Electroencephalography; Humans},
  owner = {Cedric Gouy-Pailler},
  pmid = {11997722},
  timestamp = {2008.02.11}
}
@article{In2006,
  title = {Ballistocardiogram artifact removal from EEG signals using adaptive filtering of EOG signals},
  author = {Myung H In and Soo Y Lee and Tae S Park and Tae-S Kim and Min H Cho and Young B Ahn},
  journal = {Physiological Measurement},
  year = {2006},
  number = {11},
  pages = {1227-1240},
  volume = {27},
  url = {http://stacks.iop.org/0967-3334/27/1227}
}
@book{Jackson1999,
  title = {{Classical Electrodynamics}},
  author = {J. D. Jackson},
  publisher = {John Wiley \& Sons Inc.},
  year = {1999},
  edition = {Third}
}
@article{Jafari2005,
  title = {Fetal electrocardiogram extraction by sequential source separation in the wavelet domain.},
  author = {Maria G Jafari and Jonathon A Chambers},
  journal = {IEEE Trans Biomed Eng},
  year = {2005},
  month = {Mar},
  number = {3},
  pages = {390--400},
  volume = {52},
  abstract = {This paper addresses the problem of fetal electrocardiogram extraction using blind source separation (BSS) in the wavelet domain. A new approach is proposed, which is particularly advantageous when the mixing environment is noisy and time-varying, and that is shown, analytically and in simulation, to improve the convergence rate of the natural gradient algorithm. The distribution of the wavelet coefficients of the source signals is then modeled by a generalized Gaussian probability density, whereby in the time-scale domain the problem of selecting appropriate nonlinearities when separating mixtures of both sub- and super-Gaussian signals is mitigated, as shown by experimental results.},
  doi = {10.1109/TBME.2004.842958},
  institution = {Centre for Digital Music, Department of Electronic Engineering, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK. maria.jafari@elec.qmul.ac.uk},
  keywords = {Algorithms; Body Surface Potential Mapping; Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted; Electrocardiography; Female; Fetal Monitoring; Humans; Models, Cardiovascular; Models, Neurological; Models, Statistical; Pregnancy; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; Stochastic Processes},
  owner = {sameni},
  pmid = {15759569},
  timestamp = {2008.04.30},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TBME.2004.842958}
}
@inproceedings{Jafari03,
  title = {{Adaptive Noise Cancellation and Blind Source Separation}},
  author = {M. G. Jafari and J. A. Chambers},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 4th Int. Symp. on Independent Component Analysis and Blind Source Separation (ICA2003)},
  year = {2003},
  address = {Nara, Japan},
  month = {April 1-4},
  pages = {627-632},
  url = {www.kecl.ntt.co.jp/icl/signal/ica2003/cdrom/data/0012.pdf}
}
@article{Jafari2006,
  title = {{Sequential blind source separation based exclusively on second-order statistics developed for a class of periodic signals}},
  author = {M. G. Jafari and W. Wang and J. A. Chambers and T. Hoya and A. Cichocki},
  journal = {{IEEE} Trans. Signal Processing},
  year = {2006},
  month = {March},
  pages = {1028--1040},
  volume = {54},
  no = {3}
}
@article{Jalaleddine90,
  author = {Jalaleddine, S.M.S. and Hutchens, C.G. and Strattan, R.D. and Coberly, W.A.},
  journal = {Biomedical Engineering, IEEE Transactions on},
  title = {ECG data compression techniques-a unified approach},
  year = {1990},
  issn = {0018-9294},
  month = {april},
  number = {4},
  pages = {329 -343},
  volume = {37},
  abstract = {Electrocardiogram (ECG) compression techniques are compared, and a unified view of these techniques is established. ECG data compression schemes are presented in two major groups: direct data compression and transformation methods. The direct data compression techniques are ECG differential pulse code modulation (DPCM) and entropy coding, AZTEC, Turning-point, CORTES, Fan and SAPA algorithms, peak-picking, and cycle-to-cycle compression methods. The transformation methods include Fourier, Walsh, and Karhunen-Loeve transforms. The theoretical bases behind the direct ECG data compression schemes are presented and classified into three categories: tolerance-comparison compression, DPCM, and entropy coding methods. A framework for evaluation and comparison of ECG compression schemes is presented.},
  doi = {10.1109/10.52340},
  keywords = {AZTEC;CORTES;ECG data compression techniques;Fan algorithms;Fourier transforms;Karhunen-Loeve transforms;SAPA algorithms;Turning-point;Walsh transforms;cycle-to-cycle compression;differential pulse code modulation;direct data compression;entropy coding;peak-picking;tolerance-comparison compression;transformation methods;Fourier transforms;Walsh functions;computerised signal processing;data compression;electrocardiography;encoding;medical computing;pulse-code modulation;reviews;transforms;Algorithms;Electrocardiography;Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted;}
}
@phdthesis{FahimehJamshidianTehraniPHD2015,
  title = {{Online Noninvasive Fetal Cardiac Signal Extraction}},
  author = {Fahimeh Jamshidian-Tehrani},
  school = {Artificial Intelligence, School of Electrical \& Computer Engineering, Shiraz University},
  year = {2019},
  month = {September},
  note = {Supervised by: Dr. Reza Sameni}
}
@manual{Jan04,
  title = {Early Fetal Heart Development: 0-9 Weeks},
  author = {L. Jana},
  organization = {The Dr. Spock Company},
  year = {2004},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2008.05.07},
  url = {http://www.drspock.com/article/0,1510,5287,00.html}
}
@book{jazwinski1970stochastic,
  title = {Stochastic Processes and Filtering Theory},
  author = {Jazwinski, A.H.},
  publisher = {Elsevier Science},
  year = {1970},
  series = {Mathematics in Science and Engineering},
  isbn = {9780080960906}
}
@inproceedings{Jernberg1997,
  title = {{Effects on QRS-waveforms and ST-T-segment by changes in body position during continuous 12-lead ECG: A preliminary report}},
  author = {Jernberg, T and Lindahl, B and H{\"o}gberg, M and Wallentin, L},
  booktitle = {Computers in Cardiology 1997},
  year = {1997},
  organization = {IEEE},
  pages = {461--464},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2016.10.01}
}
@article{John2005,
  author = {E. R. John},
  journal = {Progress in Brain Research},
  title = {From synchronous neural discharges to subjective awareness?},
  year = {2005},
  pages = {143-171},
  volume = {150},
  groups = {[sameni:]},
  owner = {aras},
  timestamp = {2016.07.16}
}
@article{John2002,
  author = {E. R. John},
  journal = {Brain Research Reviews},
  title = {The neurophysics of consciousness},
  year = {2002},
  pages = {1-28},
  volume = {39},
  groups = {[sameni:]},
  owner = {aras},
  timestamp = {2016.07.16}
}
@book{John1968,
  author = {E. R. John},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  title = {Mechanisms of Memory},
  year = {1968},
  address = {New York},
  groups = {[sameni:]},
  owner = {aras},
  timestamp = {2016.07.16}
}
@book{jones2003,
  title = {Differential Equations and Mathematical Biology},
  author = {Jones, D.D.S. and SLEEMAN, B.D.A.},
  publisher = {Taylor \& Francis Group},
  year = {2003},
  series = {Hall/CRC Mathematical Biology \& Medicine Series},
  isbn = {9781584882961},
  lccn = {2002191159}
}
@article{JUD00,
  title = {{A new method for the nonlinear transformation of means and covariances in filters and estimators}},
  author = {S. Julier and J. Uhlmann and H.F. Durrant-Whyte},
  journal = {{IEEE} Trans. Automat. Contr.},
  year = {2000},
  month = mar,
  pages = {477-482},
  volume = {45},
  no = {3}
}
@inproceedings{JUD95,
  title = {{A New Approach for Filtering Nonlinear Systems}},
  author = {S. J. Julier and J. K. Uhlmann and H. F. Durrant-Whyte},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Ameriacan Control Conference},
  year = {1995},
  month = {21-23 June},
  pages = {1628-1632},
  volume = {3}
}
@article{JungHLMIMS00,
  title = {{Removing electroencephalographic artifacts by blind source separation}},
  author = {T. Jung and C. Humphries and T. Lee and M. McKeown and V. Iragui and S. Makeig and T. Sejnowski},
  journal = {J. Psychophysiol.},
  year = {2000},
  pages = {163--178},
  volume = {37},
  owner = {Cedric Gouy-Pailler},
  timestamp = {2008.02.11}
}
@article{JuttenHerault1991,
  title = {Blind separation of sources, part I: An adaptive algorithm based on neuromimetic architecture},
  author = {C. Jutten and J. Herault},
  journal = {Signal Processing},
  year = {1991},
  pages = {1--10},
  volume = {24},
  owner = {a},
  timestamp = {2008.11.26}
}
@inproceedings{JSH06,
  title = {{On the Relevance of Independent Components}},
  author = {C. Jutten and R. Sameni and H. Hauksd\'{o}ttir},
  booktitle = {Proc. of the ICA Research Network International Workshop (ICArn 2006)},
  year = {2006},
  address = {Liverpool, UK},
  month = {September 18-19},
  pages = {1--8}
}
@article{kabir2012denoising,
  title = {{Denoising of ECG signals based on noise reduction algorithms in EMD and wavelet domains}},
  author = {Kabir, Md Ashfanoor and Shahnaz, Celia},
  journal = {Biomedical Signal Processing and Control},
  year = {2012},
  number = {5},
  pages = {481--489},
  volume = {7},
  publisher = {Elsevier}
}
@book{KadisonRingrose83,
  title = {{Fundamentals of the Theory of Operator Algebras}},
  author = {Richard Y. Kadison and John R. Ringrose},
  publisher = {{Academic Press}},
  year = {1983},
  volume = {I \& II},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2009.10.07}
}
@article{Kahana2006,
  author = {M. J. Kahana},
  journal = {Journal of Neuroscience},
  title = {The cogntivie correlates of human brain oscillations},
  year = {2006},
  pages = {1669-1672},
  volume = {26},
  groups = {[sameni:]},
  owner = {aras},
  timestamp = {2016.07.16}
}
@book{Kailath1980,
  title = {{Linear Systems}},
  author = {Thomas Kailath},
  publisher = {Prentice Hall},
  year = {1980}
}
@book{Kailath2000,
  title = {{Linear Estimation}},
  author = {T. Kailath and A. H. Sayed and B. Hassibi},
  publisher = {Prentice Hall},
  year = {2000},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2010.06.19}
}
@article{Kaipio1997,
  title = {Estimation of event-related synchronization changes by a new TVAR method},
  author = {Kaipio, J.P. and Karjalainen, P.A.},
  journal = {Biomedical Engineering, IEEE Transactions on},
  year = {1997},
  month = aug.,
  number = {8},
  pages = {649 -656},
  volume = {44},
  abstract = {The modeling of nonstationary electroencephalogram (EEG) with time-varying autoregressive (TVAR) models is discussed. The classical least squares TVAR approach is modified so that prior assumptions about the signal can be taken into account in an optimal way. The method is then applied to the estimation of event-related synchronization changes in the EEG. The results show that the new approach enables effective estimation of the parameter evolution of the time-varying EEG with better time resolution compared to previous methods. The new method also allows single-trial analysis of the event-related synchronization.},
  doi = {10.1109/10.605421},
  issn = {0018-9294},
  keywords = {electrodiagnostics;event-related synchronization;event-related synchronization changes estimation;parameter evolution;single-trial analysis;time resolution;time-varying EEG;autoregressive processes;electroencephalography;medical signal processing;physiological models;Algorithms;Electroencephalography;Evoked Potentials, Visual;Female;Humans;Least-Squares Analysis;Models, Neurological;Reference Values;Time Factors;}
}
@article{Kanjilal1997,
  title = {Fetal ECG extraction from single-channel maternal ECG using singular value decomposition},
  author = {Kanjilal, P.P. and Kanjilal, P.P. and Palit, S. and Saha, G.},
  journal = {Biomedical Engineering, IEEE Transactions on},
  year = {1997},
  number = {1},
  pages = {51--59},
  volume = {44},
  doi = {10.1109/10.553712},
  editor = {Palit, S.},
  issn = {0018-9294},
  keywords = {electrocardiography, medical signal processing, singular value decomposition, spectral analysis, abdominal lead, appropriately configured data matrices, composite maternal ECG signal, computationally efficient method, fetal ECG extraction, numerically robust method, single-channel maternal ECG, singular value ratio spectrum},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2008.04.29}
}
@article{KPS97,
  title = {{Fetal {ECG} extraction from single-channel maternal {ECG} using singular value decomposition}},
  author = {P. P Kanjilal and S. Palit and G. Saha},
  journal = {Biomedical Engineering, IEEE Transactions on},
  year = {1997},
  month = {Jan.},
  pages = {51-59},
  volume = {44},
  no = {1}
}
@inproceedings{KS98,
  title = {Human {ECG}: nonlinear deterministic versus stochastic aspects},
  author = {Kantz, H. and Schreiber, T.},
  year = {Nov 1998},
  number = {6},
  pages = {279-284},
  volume = {145},
  abstract = {The authors discuss aspects of randomness and determinism in electrocardiographic signals. In particular, they take a critical look at attempts to apply methods of nonlinear time series analysis derived from the theory of deterministic dynamical systems. It is argued that deterministic chaos is not a likely explanation for the short-time variability of the inter-beat interval times, except for certain pathologies. Conversely, densely sampled full ECG recordings possess properties typical of deterministic signals. In the last-mentioned case, methods of deterministic nonlinear time-series analysis can yield new insights},
  issn = {1350-2344},
  journal = {Science, Measurement and Technology, IEE Proceedings -},
  keywords = {chaos, electrocardiography, interference suppression, medical signal processing, nonlinear systems, random processes, stochastic processes, time seriesHuman ECG, chaos, deterministic dynamical systems, deterministic signals, electrocardiographic signal, foetal ECG, inter-beat interval times, noise, nonlinear deterministic processes, nonlinear time series analysis, nonlinear time-series analysis, randomness, short-time variability, stochastic processes}
}
@article{KarimzadehEtal2017,
  title = {A Distributed Classification Procedure for Automatic Sleep Stage Scoring Based on Instantaneous Electroencephalogram Phase and Envelope Features},
  author = {F. Karimzadeh and R. Boostani and E. Seraj and R. Sameni},
  journal = {IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering},
  year = {2018},
  month = {Feb},
  number = {2},
  pages = {362-370},
  volume = {26},
  issn = {1534-4320},
  keywords = {Electroencephalography;Entropy;Estimation;Feature extraction;Indexes;Sleep;Standards;Automatic sleep stage scoring;EEG Analytic form;EEG signal;distributed classifier;entropy;instantaneous envelope;instantaneous phase},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1109/TNSRE.2017.2775058}
}
@article{KarHuk1977,
  title = {Quantification of fetal heart rate variability by magnetocardiography and direct electrocardiography},
  author = {V. Kariniemi and K. Hukkinen},
  journal = {Am J Obstet Gynecol},
  year = {1977},
  month = {July},
  number = {5},
  pages = {526--30},
  volume = {128},
  abstract = {A computer method for quantification of fetal heart rate (FHR) variability from fetal magnetocardiography during pregnancy and from direct fetal electrocardiography during labor is presented. It is based on statistical analysis of the QRS interval sequences. Beat-to-beat variation is characterized by a differential index (DI) and long-term variation by an interval index (II). The effect of the sample time on the DI is minimal, and hence the DI can be calculated from rather short samples. The II is more sensitive to FHR trends and should be calculated from longer samples, but between the periodic changes, accelerations, and decelerations. Variable amounts of detection pulses are lost in both methods. The DI is sensitive to the missing intervals; no analysis result should be accepted if the number of lost intervals exceeds 10 per cent. The II is less sensitive to the number of missing intervals. The means and standard deviations of the variability indices for eight fetuses during pregnancy and for five fetuses during labor are presented.},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2008.04.29}
}
@article{Kautz01,
  title = {{Jim Zimmerman and the SQUID}},
  author = {Kautz, R.L.},
  journal = {{Applied Superconductivity, IEEE Transactions on}},
  year = {2001},
  month = {March},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1026 -1031},
  volume = {11},
  abstract = {The career of Jim Zimmerman, beginning with a solid foundation in electronics and cryogenics, reached a turning point in 1965 when he became coinventor of the rf SQUID (Superconducting QUantum Interference Device), while working at the Scientific Laboratory of the Ford Motor Company in Dearborn, Michigan. Recognizing the exquisite sensitivity of the SQUID as an amplifier and magnetometer, Zimmerman devoted the remainder of his career, at Ford and later at the National Bureau of Standards, to the further development of the SQUID and its applications. In 1969, Zimmerman also helped found SHE Corporation, which marketed the first commercially successful SQUID. While at NBS, Zimmerman introduced two variations, the SQUID gradiometer and the fractional-turn SQUID, to enhance the sensitivity of SQUIDs in special situations. He also developed an improved understanding of SQUID dynamics by exploring the pendulum analog using carefully made models, work that has benefited a generation of students. Putting the SQUID to work, Zimmerman investigated applications in metrology, biomagnetism, and geophysics. Notably, he participated in collaborations that recorded the first magnetocardiogram made with a SQUID and the first magnetoencephalogram of an evoked auditory response. Later, Zimmerman explored closed-cycle refrigeration as a means of making SQUIDs more useful outside the laboratory environment, and in 1977 he demonstrated an operating SQUID cooled to 8.5 K by a Stirling-cycle refrigerator made largely of plastic. Zimmerman is remembered for his keen physical insight, the elegance and simplicity of his experiments, and his willingness to question conventional wisdom in all aspects of life},
  doi = {10.1109/77.919524},
  issn = {1051-8223},
  keywords = {Jim Zimmerman;RF SQUID;SQUID;SQUID amplifier;SQUID gradiometer;SQUID magnetometer;Stirling-cycle refrigerator;closed-cycle refrigeration;cryogenic electronics;fractional-turn SQUID;magnetocardiogram;magnetoencephalogram;obituary;pendulum model;SQUIDs;biographies;}
}
@book{Kay93,
  title = {{Fundamentals of Statistical Signal Processing{:} Estimation Theory}},
  author = {S. M. Kay},
  publisher = {Prentice Hall PTR},
  year = {1993}
}
@article{Kay81,
  title = {{Efficient Generation of Colored Noise}},
  author = {S. M. Kay},
  journal = {Proc. {IEEE}},
  year = {1981},
  month = apr,
  pages = {480-481},
  volume = {69},
  no = {4}
}
@article{Kazel1963,
  title = {Precise pulse time-of-arrival measurements},
  author = {Kazel, S. and Ebstein, B.},
  journal = {Proceedings of the IEEE},
  year = {1963},
  month = {sept.},
  number = {9},
  pages = {1257-1258},
  volume = {51},
  doi = {10.1109/PROC.1963.2527},
  issn = {0018-9219},
  keywords = {Circuits;Filters;Fourier transforms;Pulse amplifiers;Pulse generation;Pulse measurements;Pulse shaping methods;Shape;Time measurement;Transfer functions;},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2014.06.25}
}
@inproceedings{Kazinnik1997,
  title = {{Orthogonal decomposition of non-uniform B-spline spaces using wavelets}},
  author = {Kazinnik, R. and Elber, G.},
  booktitle = {{EUROGRAPHICS 1997, Computer Graphics Forum}},
  year = {1997},
  pages = {27--38},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2011.04.19}
}
@book{keener1998,
  title = {Mathematical Physiology: With 360 Illustrations},
  author = {Keener, J.P. and Sneyd, J.},
  publisher = {Springer Verlag},
  year = {1998},
  series = {Interdisciplinary applied mathematics: Mathematical biology},
  isbn = {9780387983813},
  lccn = {98014499}
}
@mastersthesis{KeshavarziMS2018,
  title = {{Designing a Hardware Architecture for the Implementation of Online Subspace Tracking Algorithms}},
  author = {Saeed Keshavarzi},
  school = {Computer Architecture, School of Electrical \& Computer Engineering, Shiraz University},
  year = {2018},
  month = {9},
  note = {Supervised by: Dr. Reza Sameni}
}
@inproceedings{Kestler1998,
  title = {{Denoising of High-Resolution ECG-Signals by Combining the Discrete Wavelet Transform with the Wiener Filter}},
  author = {H. A. Kestler and M. Haschka and W. Kratz and F. Schwenker and G. Palm and V. Hombach and M. {H\"{o}her}},
  booktitle = {Proceedings IEEE Conference on Computers in Cardiology},
  year = {1998},
  pages = {233-236},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2012.10.22}
}
@article{Khamene2000,
  title = {A new method for the extraction of fetal ECG from the composite abdominal signal},
  author = {Khamene, A. and Negahdaripour, S.},
  journal = {Biomedical Engineering, IEEE Transactions on},
  year = {2000},
  month = {April},
  number = {4},
  pages = {507--516},
  volume = {47},
  doi = {10.1109/10.828150},
  issn = {0018-9294},
  keywords = {composite abdominal signal;fetal ECG extraction;modulus maxima locations;recursive reconstruction method;singularities detection;thoracic signal;wavelet transform-based method;electrocardiography;medical signal processing;obstetrics;signal reconstruction;wavelet transforms;Abdomen;Algorithms;Electrocardiography;Female;Fetal Heart;Fetal Monitoring;Humans;Pregnancy;Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted;Thorax;}
}
@book{khan2011digital,
  title = {Digital Design of Signal Processing Systems: A Practical Approach},
  author = {Khan, S.A.},
  publisher = {Wiley},
  year = {2011},
  isbn = {9780470975251},
  lccn = {2010026285}
}
@mastersthesis{ShahrzadKharabianMS2009,
  title = {{Fetal R-Wave Detection from Non-Invasive Magnetocardiogram Recordings}},
  author = {Shahrzad Kharabian},
  school = {Biomedical Engineering, School of Electrical \& Computer Engineering, Sharif University of Technology},
  year = {2009},
  month = {9},
  note = {Jointly Supervised by: Dr. Mohammad-Bagher Shamsollahi and Dr. Reza Sameni}
}
@inproceedings{Kharabian2009,
  title = {{Fetal R-wave detection from multichannel abdominal ECG recordings in low SNR}},
  author = {Kharabian, S. and Shamsollahi, M.B. and Sameni, R.},
  booktitle = {Proc. of the 31st Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC 2009)},
  year = {2009},
  address = {Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA},
  month = {Sep.},
  pages = {344--347},
  doi = {10.1109/IEMBS.2009.5333578},
  issn = {1557-170X},
  journal = {Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, 2009. EMBC 2009. Annual International Conference of the IEEE},
  keywords = {Hilbert transform;ICA;SNR;fetal ECG extraction algorithm;fetal R-wave detection;fetal repositioning;independent component analysis;maternal ECG cancellation;multichannel abdominal ECG recordings;signal-to-noise ratio;source separation;Hilbert transforms;electrocardiography;feature extraction;independent component analysis;medical signal detection;medical signal processing;obstetrics;source separation;}
}
@article{KheiratiRoonizi2015,
  title = {A Signal Decomposition Model-Based Bayesian Framework for ECG Components Separation},
  author = {Kheirati Roonizi, E. and Sassi, R.},
  journal = {Signal Processing, IEEE Transactions on},
  year = {2016},
  month = {Feb},
  number = {3},
  pages = {665-674},
  volume = {64},
  abstract = {The paper introduces an improved signal decomposition model-based Bayesian framework (EKS6). While it can be employed for multiple purposes, like denoising and features extraction, it is particularly suited for extracting electrocardiogram (ECG) wave-forms from ECG recordings. In this framework, the ECG is represented as the sum of several components, each describing a specific wave (i.e., P, Q, R, S, and T), with a corresponding term in the dynamical model. Characteristic Waveforms (CWs) of the ECG components are taken as hidden state variables, distinctly estimated using a Kalman smoother from sample to sample. Then, CWs can be analyzed separately, accordingly to a specific application. The new dynamical model no longer depends on the amplitude of the Gaussian kernels, so it is capable of separating ECG components even if sudden changes in the CWs appear (e.g., an ectopic beat). Results, obtained on synthetic signals with different levels of noise, showed that the proposed method is indeed more effective in separating the ECG components when compared with another framework recently introduced with the same aims (EKS4). The proposed approach can be used for many applications. In this paper, we verified it for T/QRS ratio calculation. For this purpose, we applied it to 288 signals from the PhysioNet PTB Diagnostic ECG Database. The values of RMSE obtained show that the T/QRS ratio computed on the components extracted from the ECG, corrupted by broadband noise, is closer to the original T/QRS ratio values ( RMSE=0.025 for EKS6 and 0.17 for EKS4).},
  doi = {10.1109/TSP.2015.2489598},
  issn = {1053-587X},
  keywords = {Bayes methods;Gaussian processes;Kalman filters;electrocardiography;feature extraction;medical signal processing;signal denoising;ECG component separation;ECG recordings;Gaussian kernels;Kalman smoother;PhysioNet PTB Diagnostic ECG Database;broadband noise;dynamical model;electrocardiogram wave-forms;feature extraction;hidden state variables;signal decomposition model-based Bayesian framework;Bayes methods;Data mining;Electrocardiography;Kalman filters;Noise;Noise measurement;Signal resolution;ECG waves separation;Signal decomposition;T/QRS ratio;ddaptive signal detection;extended Kalman smoother}
}
@mastersthesis{EbadollahKheiratiMS2011,
  title = {{Morphological Modeling of Cardiac Signals}},
  author = {Ebadollah Kheirati-Roonizi},
  school = {Biomedical Engineering, School of Electrical \& Computer Engineering, Shiraz University},
  year = {2011},
  month = {6},
  note = {Supervised by: Dr. Reza Sameni}
}
@mastersthesis{ZahraKheradpishehMS2014,
  title = {{Comparison of Linear and Nonlinear Electrocardiogram Processing Techniques}},
  author = {Zahra Kheradpisheh},
  school = {Biomedical Engineering, School of Electrical \& Computer Engineering, Shiraz University},
  year = {2014},
  month = {2},
  note = {Supervised by: Dr. Reza Sameni}
}
@article{Kiefer-Schmidt2013,
  title = {Is there a relationship between fetal brain function and the fetal behavioral state? A fetal MEG-study},
  author = {Kiefer-Schmidt, Isabelle and Raufer, Julia and Br{\"a}ndle, Johanna and M{\"u}n{\ss}inger, Jana and Abele, Harald and Wallwiener, Diethelm and Eswaran, Hari and Preissl, Hubert},
  journal = {Journal of perinatal medicine},
  year = {2013},
  number = {5},
  pages = {605--612},
  volume = {41},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2016.10.01}
}
@book{Kihara2003,
  title = {Digital Clocks for Synchronization and Communications},
  author = {Kihara, M. and Ono, S. and Eskelinen, P.},
  publisher = {Artech House},
  year = {2003},
  series = {Artech House telecommunications library},
  isbn = {9781580537650},
  lccn = {2002032670},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2014.06.25}
}
@article{Kirkeby1998,
  title = {Fast deconvolution of multichannel systems using regularization},
  author = {Kirkeby, Ole and Nelson, Philip A and Hamada, Hareo and Orduna-Bustamante, Felipe},
  journal = {IEEE Transactions on Speech and Audio Processing},
  year = {1998},
  number = {2},
  pages = {189--194},
  volume = {6},
  owner = {sameni},
  publisher = {IEEE},
  timestamp = {2016.10.01}
}
@article{kligfield2007recommendations,
  title = {{Recommendations for the standardization and interpretation of the electrocardiogram: part I: the electrocardiogram and its technology}},
  author = {Kligfield, Paul and Gettes, Leonard S and Bailey, James J and Childers, Rory and Deal, Barbara J and Hancock, E William and van Herpen, Gerard and Kors, Jan A and Macfarlane, Peter and Mirvis, David M and others},
  journal = {Journal of the American College of Cardiology},
  year = {2007},
  number = {10},
  pages = {1109--1127},
  volume = {49},
  publisher = {Am Coll Cardio Found}
}
@article{Knyazev2002a,
  title = {{Principal angles between subspaces in an A-based scalar product: algorithms and perturbation estimates}},
  author = {Knyazev, A.V. and Argentati, M.E.},
  journal = {SIAM Journal on Scientific Computing},
  year = {2002},
  number = {6},
  pages = {2008--2040},
  volume = {23},
  owner = {sameni},
  publisher = {SIAM},
  timestamp = {2016.10.01}
}
@article{Knyazev2002,
  title = {Principal angles between subspaces in an A-based scalar product: Algorithms and perturbation estimates},
  author = {Andrew V. Knyazev and Merico and E. Argentati},
  journal = {SIAM J. Sci. Comput},
  year = {2002},
  pages = {2009--2041},
  volume = {23},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2012.10.22}
}
@book{kogan2009,
  title = {Introduction to Computational Cardiology: Mathematical Modeling and Computer Simulation},
  author = {Kogan, B.J.},
  publisher = {Springer},
  year = {2009},
  isbn = {9780387766850},
  lccn = {2009942421}
}
@inproceedings{Koldovsky2006,
  title = {{Methods of Fair Comparison of Performance of Linear ICA Techniques in Presence of Additive Noise}},
  author = {Z. Koldovsky and P. Tichavsky},
  booktitle = {Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, 2006. ICASSP 2006 Proceedings. 2006 IEEE International Conference on},
  year = {2006},
  month = {May},
  pages = {873--876},
  volume = {5},
  abstract = {Linear ICA model with additive Gaussian noise is frequently considered in many practical applications, because it approaches the reality often much better than the noise-free alternate. In this paper, a number important differences between noisy and noiseless ICA are discussed. It is shown that estimation of the mixing/demixing matrix should not be the main goal, in the noisy case. Instead, it is proposed to compare the outcome of ICA algorithms with a minimum mean square (MMSE) separation, derived for known mixing model. The signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio is suggested as the most meaningful performance criterion. A simulation study that compares a few well known ICA algorithms applied to noise data is included},
  doi = {10.1109/ICASSP.2006.1661415}
}
@article{Kole91,
  title = {The quantitative extraction and topographic mapping of the abnormal components in the clinical {EEG}.},
  author = {Koles, Z J},
  journal = {Electroencephalogr. Clin. Neurophysiol.},
  year = {1991},
  pages = {440--447},
  volume = {79},
  owner = {Cedric Gouy-Pailler},
  timestamp = {2009.01.02}
}
@article{koren2009matrix,
  title = {Matrix factorization techniques for recommender systems},
  author = {Koren, Yehuda and Bell, Robert and Volinsky, Chris},
  journal = {Computer},
  year = {2009},
  number = {8},
  volume = {42},
  publisher = {IEEE}
}
@article{Kotas2004,
  title = {Projective filtering of time-aligned {ECG} beats},
  author = {Kotas, M.},
  journal = {Biomedical Engineering, IEEE Transactions on},
  year = {2004},
  number = {7},
  pages = {1129--1139},
  volume = {51},
  doi = {10.1109/TBME.2004.826592},
  issn = {0018-9294},
  keywords = {electrocardiography, filtering theory, medical signal processing, principal component analysis, state-space methods, electrocardiographic signal, nonlinear state-space projections, orthogonal basis functions, principal component analysis, projective filtering, time synchronization, time-aligned ECG beats},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2008.04.30}
}
@article{Kovacs2000,
  title = {A rule-based phonocardiographic method for long-term fetal heart rate monitoring},
  author = {Kovacs, F. and Torok, M. and Habermajer, I.},
  journal = {Biomedical Engineering, IEEE Transactions on},
  year = {2000},
  number = {1},
  pages = {124--130},
  volume = {47},
  doi = {10.1109/10.817627},
  editor = {Torok, M.},
  issn = {0018-9294},
  keywords = {acoustic signal processing, adaptive signal processing, bioacoustics, cardiology, medical signal processing, obstetrics, patient monitoring, acoustic method, adaptive time pattern analysis, algorithm, artefact, clinical tests, heartbeats analysis, long-term fetal heart rate monitoring, long-term fetal surveillance, low-power portable electronic instrument, reference ultrasound method, rule-based phonocardiographic method, tolerance limit, ultrasound cardiotocography},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2008.04.29}
}
@article{PTB2,
  title = {{Automatisierte EKG-Auswertung mit Hilfe der EKG-Signaldatenbank CARDIODAT der PTB}},
  author = {D. Kreiseler and R. Bousseljot},
  journal = {Biomedizinische Technik},
  year = {1995},
  number = {1},
  pages = {S319-S320},
  volume = {40}
}
@article{KrishnanSeelamantula2013,
  title = {On the Selection of Optimum Savitzky-Golay Filters},
  author = {Krishnan, S.R. and Seelamantula, C.S.},
  journal = {Signal Processing, IEEE Transactions on},
  year = {2013},
  month = {Jan},
  number = {2},
  pages = {380-391},
  volume = {61},
  abstract = {Savitzky-Golay (S-G) filters are finite impulse response lowpass filters obtained while smoothing data using a local least-squares (LS) polynomial approximation. Savitzky and Golay proved in their hallmark paper that local LS fitting of polynomials and their evaluation at the mid-point of the approximation interval is equivalent to filtering with a fixed impulse response. The problem that we address here is, ?how to choose a pointwise minimum mean squared error (MMSE) S-G filter length or order for smoothing, while preserving the temporal structure of a time-varying signal.? We solve the bias-variance tradeoff involved in the MMSE optimization using Stein's unbiased risk estimator (SURE). We observe that the 3-dB cutoff frequency of the SURE-optimal S-G filter is higher where the signal varies fast locally, and vice versa, essentially enabling us to suitably trade off the bias and variance, thereby resulting in near-MMSE performance. At low signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs), it is seen that the adaptive filter length algorithm performance improves by incorporating a regularization term in the SURE objective function. We consider the algorithm performance on real-world electrocardiogram (ECG) signals. The results exhibit considerable SNR improvement. Noise performance analysis shows that the proposed algorithms are comparable, and in some cases, better than some standard denoising techniques available in the literature.},
  doi = {10.1109/TSP.2012.2225055},
  issn = {1053-587X},
  keywords = {FIR filters;electrocardiography;least squares approximations;medical signal processing;polynomial approximation;signal denoising;smoothing methods;MMSE optimization;SURE objective function;SURE optimal S-G filter;Stein unbiased risk estimator;adaptive filter length algorithm performance;bias-variance tradeoff;data smoothing;denoising techniques;electrocardiogram;finite impulse response lowpass filters;local least squares polynomial approximation;minimum mean squared error;near MMSE performance;noise performance analysis;optimum Savitzky-Golay filter selection;pointwise MMSE S-G filter length;real world ECG signals;regularization term;signal-noise ratio;time varying signal temporal structure;Bias;MMSE;SURE;Savitzky-Golay filters;Stein's lemma;local polynomial regression;variance}
}
@article{Krusienski2012,
  author = {Krusienski, Dean J and McFarland, Dennis J and Wolpaw, Jonathan R},
  journal = {Brain research bulletin},
  title = {Value of amplitude, phase, and coherence features for a sensorimotor rhythm-based brain--computer interface},
  year = {2012},
  number = {1},
  pages = {130--134},
  volume = {87},
  groups = {[sameni:]},
  owner = {sameni},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  timestamp = {2016.10.01}
}
@article{Kwee04,
  title = {STAN S21 fetal heart monitor for fetal surveillance during labor: an observational study in 637 patients},
  author = {Kwee, A and van der Hoorn-van den Beld CW and Veerman, J and Dekkers, AH and Visser, GH},
  journal = {J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med},
  year = {2004},
  pages = {400-407},
  volume = {15},
  doi = {10.1080/14767050410001727404},
  pubmedid = {15280112}
}
@article{lachaux1999measuring,
  title = {Measuring phase synchrony in brain signals},
  author = {Lachaux, Jean-Philippe and Rodriguez, Eugenio and Martinerie, Jacques and Varela, Francisco J.},
  journal = {Human brain mapping},
  year = {1999},
  number = {4},
  pages = {194--208},
  volume = {8}
}
@article{Laguna1996,
  title = {Adaptive estimation of QRS complex by the Hermite model for classification and ectopic beat detection},
  author = {Laguna, P and Jan{\'e}, R and Olmos, S and Thakor, NV and Rix, H and Caminal, P},
  journal = {Med. Biol. Eng. Comput},
  year = {1996},
  number = {1},
  pages = {58--68},
  volume = {34},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2016.10.01}
}
@article{LJMP92,
  title = {{Adaptive filter for event-related bioelectric signals using an impulse correlated reference input}},
  author = {P. Laguna and R. Jane and O. Meste and P. W. Poon and P. Caminal and H. Rix and N. V. Thakor},
  journal = {Biomedical Engineering, IEEE Transactions on},
  year = {1992},
  pages = {1032-1044},
  volume = {39},
  no = {10}
}
@article{LMM98,
  title = {{Power spectral density of unevenly sampled data by least-square analysis{:} performance and application to heart rate signals}},
  author = {P. Laguna and G. B. Moody and R. G. Mark},
  journal = {Biomedical Engineering, IEEE Transactions on},
  year = {1998},
  month = jun,
  pages = {698-715},
  volume = {45}
}
@article{Lai2002,
  title = {A successive cancellation algorithm for fetal heart-rate estimation using an intrauterine {ECG} signal},
  author = {Lai, Kuei-Chiang and Shynk, J.J.},
  journal = {Biomedical Engineering, IEEE Transactions on},
  year = {2002},
  number = {9},
  pages = {943--954},
  volume = {49},
  doi = {10.1109/TBME.2002.802010},
  editor = {Shynk, J.J.},
  issn = {0018-9294},
  keywords = {electrocardiography, medical signal detection, medical signal processing, obstetrics, physiological models, computer simulation results, counting mechanism, electrodiagnostics, fetal heart-rate estimation, interference cancellation, intrauterine ECG signal, maternal QRS complexes, noise events, peak detection, successive cancellation algorithm, template matching},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2008.04.30}
}
@article{Lamarque2011,
  title = {A New Concept of Virtual Patient for Real-Time ECG Analyzers},
  author = {Lamarque, G. and Ravier, P. and Dumez-Viou, C.},
  journal = {Instrumentation and Measurement, IEEE Transactions on},
  year = {2011},
  month = march,
  number = {3},
  pages = {939 -946},
  volume = {60},
  doi = {10.1109/TIM.2010.2064610},
  issn = {0018-9456},
  keywords = {Holter manufacturers;analog signals;data processing algorithm;electrical heart activity;electrocardiogram analyzer;real-time ECG analyzer;real-time system;virtual patient;biomedical equipment;data acquisition;electrocardiography;medical diagnostic computing;medical signal processing;patient diagnosis;virtual reality;}
}
@article{LB97a,
  title = {{Time frequency plane Wiener filtering of the high resolution ECG{:} development and applications}},
  author = {P. Lander and E. J. Berbari},
  journal = {Biomedical Engineering, IEEE Transactions on},
  year = {1997},
  pages = {256-265},
  volume = {44},
  no = {4}
}
@article{LB97b,
  title = {{Time frequency plane Wiener filtering of the high resolution ECG{:} background and time frequency representations}},
  author = {P. Lander and E. J. Berbari},
  journal = {Biomedical Engineering, IEEE Transactions on},
  year = {1997},
  pages = {247-255},
  volume = {44},
  no = {4}
}
@article{Landqvist2005,
  title = {{Novel Application of Projection Approximation Subspace Tracking Algorithm for Whitening in Wireless Communications}},
  author = {Ronnie Landqvist and Abbas Mohammed},
  journal = {{In Proc. Radio Communications Conference}},
  year = {2005},
  month = {June},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2012.10.22}
}
@article{Larks1962,
  title = {Present Status of Fetal Electrocardiography},
  author = {Larks, Saul D.},
  journal = {Bio-Medical Electronics, IRE Transactions on},
  year = {1962},
  month = {July},
  number = {3},
  pages = {176-180},
  volume = {9},
  abstract = {Fetal electrocardiography, an infant but vigorous young discipline, seems to be rapidly emerging as a useful tool for that biological research and medical practice which concerns the unborn heart. Based upon wide experience, it will be useful to survey the status of fetal electrocardiography, pointing out the possibilities as well as limitations. The significance in terms of capability for early study of the developing heart, the diagnosis of fetal life, multiple pregnancy, origins of congenital heart disease, as well as the study of intrauterine difficulties as in labor is presented and discussed in detail. On the basis of a discussion of present-day instruments and the types of "noise" encountered, it is suggested that improved low-noise amplifiers are desirable; it is suggested further that the use of averaging, correlation, and other computer-based techniques may hold substantial promise. 9152.},
  doi = {10.1109/TBMEL.1962.4322994},
  issn = {0096-1884}
}
@article{Lasserre95,
  title = {{A trace inequality for matrix product}},
  author = {J.B. Lasserre},
  journal = {{IEEE} Trans. Automat. Contr.},
  year = {1995},
  pages = {1500--1501},
  volume = {40},
  no = {8}
}
@article{Lasserre97,
  title = {{Tight Bounds for the Trace of a Matrix Product}},
  author = {J. B. Lasserre},
  journal = {{IEEE} Trans. Automat. Contr.},
  year = {1997},
  month = {April},
  number = {4},
  pages = {578--581},
  volume = {42},
  doi = {10.1109/5.720250},
  issn = {0018-9219},
  keywords = {adaptive signal processing, array signal processing, estimation theory, higher order statistics, BSS, ICA, array processing, blind signal separation, data analysis, independent component analysis, mixtures, mutual independence, statistical principles, unobserved signals, unobserved sources},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2008.07.23}
}
@article{Lathauwer2000,
  author = {de Lathauwer, L. and de Moor, B. and Vandewalle, J.},
  journal = {Biomedical Engineering, IEEE Transactions on},
  title = {Fetal electrocardiogram extraction by blind source subspace separation},
  year = {2000},
  issn = {0018-9294},
  month = {may},
  number = {5},
  pages = {567 -572},
  volume = {47},
  abstract = {We propose the emerging technique of independent component analysis, also known as blind source separation, as an interesting tool for the extraction of the antepartum fetal electrocardiogram from multilead cutaneous potential recordings. The technique is illustrated by means of a real-life example.},
  doi = {10.1109/10.841326},
  keywords = {antepartum fetal electrocardiogram;blind source subspace separation;fetal electrocardiogram extraction;independent component analysis;multilead cutaneous potential recordings;real-life example;electrocardiography;feature extraction;medical signal processing;paediatrics;signal reconstruction;statistical analysis;Algorithms;Electrocardiography;Female;Fetal Monitoring;Heart Rate, Fetal;Humans;Linear Models;Mathematics;Pregnancy;Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted;},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2012.10.22}
}
@manual{Lawrence95,
  title = {Fetal Heart Development},
  author = {C. D. Lawrence},
  year = {1995},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2008.05.07},
  url = {http://user.gru.net/clawrence/vccl/chpt1/embryo.htm}
}
@article{LeVanQuyen2001,
  author = {Le Van Quyen, Michel and Foucher, Jack and Lachaux, Jean-Philippe and Rodriguez, Eugenio and Lutz, Antoine and Martinerie, Jacques and Varela, Francisco J},
  journal = {Journal of neuroscience methods},
  title = {Comparison of Hilbert transform and wavelet methods for the analysis of neuronal synchrony},
  year = {2001},
  number = {2},
  pages = {83--98},
  volume = {111},
  groups = {[sameni:]},
  owner = {sameni},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  timestamp = {2016.10.01}
}
@phdthesis{Lee03,
  title = {Analysis of high-dimensional numerical data : from principal component analysis to non-linear dimensionality reduction and blind source separation},
  author = {John A. Lee},
  school = {Louvain-la-Neuve, UCL, Belgium},
  year = {2003},
  editor = {John A. Lee},
  publisher = {Ph.D. dissertation, Louvain-la-Neuve, UCL, Belgium}
}
@book{LeeVerleysen2007,
  title = {{Nonlinear Dimensionality Reduction}},
  author = {J. A. Lee and M. Verleysen},
  publisher = {Springer Science},
  year = {2007},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2008.05.20}
}
@book{lee2003verilog,
  title = {Verilog coding for logic synthesis},
  author = {Lee, W.F.},
  publisher = {Wiley-Interscience},
  year = {2003},
  isbn = {9780471429760},
  lccn = {2002032433}
}
@article{Lengle2001,
  title = {{Improved neuromagnetic detection of fetal and neonatal auditory evoked response}},
  author = {J.M. Lengle and M. Chen and R.T. Wakai},
  journal = {{Clin. Neurophysiol.}},
  year = {2001},
  pages = {785--792 pp},
  volume = {112},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2012.10.22}
}
@article{LeongaLiubMandic2008,
  title = {{Blind source extraction: Standard approaches and extensions to noisy and post-nonlinear mixing}},
  author = {Wai Yie Leonga and Wei Liub and Danilo P. Mandic},
  journal = {Neurocomputing},
  year = {2008},
  pages = {2344--2355},
  volume = {71},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2009.02.21}
}
@book{leon2011probability,
  title = {Probability, Statistics, and Random Processes For Electrical Engineering},
  author = {Leon-Garcia, A.},
  publisher = {Pearson Education},
  year = {2011},
  isbn = {9780133002577}
}
@article{Leski2002,
  title = {Robust weighted averaging [of biomedical signals]},
  author = {Leski, J.M.},
  journal = {Biomedical Engineering, IEEE Transactions on},
  year = {2002},
  number = {8},
  pages = {796--804},
  volume = {49},
  doi = {10.1109/TBME.2002.800757},
  issn = {0018-9294},
  keywords = {Gaussian noise, electrocardiography, filtering theory, impulse noise, mean square error methods, medical signal processing, minimisation, Gaussian noise, aggregation operation, biomedical signals, criterion function minimization, dissimilarity measure, electrocardiographic signal, impulsive noise, late potentials extraction, muscle noise, outliers, quadratic function, robust weighted averaging, root mean-square error, signal averaging, time-misalignment of cycles, variable power},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2008.01.29}
}
@article{Leski2004,
  title = {{Computationally effective algorithm for robust weighted averaging}},
  author = {Leski, J.M. and Gacek, A.},
  journal = {Biomedical Engineering, IEEE Transactions on},
  year = {2004},
  number = {7},
  pages = {1280--1284},
  volume = {51},
  doi = {10.1109/TBME.2004.827953},
  editor = {Gacek, A.},
  issn = {0018-9294},
  keywords = {electrocardiography, medical signal processing, obstetrics, /spl epsiv/-insensitive loss function, fetal ECG, noise reduction, weighted signal averaging method},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2008.01.29}
}
@inproceedings{Li2011,
  title = {{Activity recognition using dynamic subspace angles}},
  author = {Binlong Li and Mustafa Ayazoglu and Teresa Mao and O.I. Camps and Mario Sznaier},
  booktitle = {Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), 2011 IEEE Conference on},
  year = {2011},
  month = {june},
  pages = {3193 -3200},
  abstract = {Cameras are ubiquitous everywhere and hold the promise of significantly changing the way we live and interact with our environment. Human activity recognition is central to understanding dynamic scenes for applications ranging from security surveillance, to assisted living for the elderly, to video gaming without controllers. Most current approaches to solve this problem are based in the use of local temporal-spatial features that limit their ability to recognize long and complex actions. In this paper, we propose a new approach to exploit the temporal information encoded in the data. The main idea is to model activities as the output of unknown dynamic systems evolving from unknown initial conditions. Under this framework, we show that activity videos can be compared by computing the principal angles between subspaces representing activity types which are found by a simple SVD of the experimental data. The proposed approach outperforms state-of-the-art methods classifying activities in the KTH dataset as well as in much more complex scenarios involving interacting actors.},
  doi = {10.1109/CVPR.2011.5995672},
  issn = {1063-6919},
  keywords = {KTH dataset;SVD;activity types;dynamic subspace angles;elderly assisted living;human activity recognition;principal angles;security surveillance;singular value decomposition;video gaming;object recognition;singular value decomposition;video signal processing;},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2012.10.22}
}
@article{Li95,
  author = {Cuiwei Li and Chongxun Zheng and Changfeng Tai},
  journal = {Biomedical Engineering, IEEE Transactions on},
  title = {{Detection of ECG characteristic points using wavelet transforms}},
  year = {1995},
  issn = {0018-9294},
  month = {January},
  number = {1},
  pages = {21-28},
  volume = {42},
  abstract = {An algorithm based on wavelet transforms (WT's) has been developed for detecting ECG characteristic points. With the multiscale feature of WT's, the QRS complex can be distinguished from high P or T waves, noise, baseline drift, and artifacts. The relation between the characteristic points of ECG signal and those of modulus maximum pairs of its WT's is illustrated. By using this method, the detection rate of QRS complexes is above 99.8% for the MIT/BIH database and the P and T waves can also be detected, even with serious base line drift and noise},
  doi = {10.1109/10.362922},
  keywords = {medical signal processing, wavelet transformsECG characteristic points detection, P waves, QRS complexes, T waves, artifacts, baseline drift, modulus maximum pairs, multiscale feature, wavelet transform-based algorithm}
}
@article{Li09,
  title = {Artificial arterial blood pressure artifact models and an evaluation of a robust blood pressure and heart rate estimator},
  author = {Li, Q. and Mark, R. G. and Clifford, G. D.},
  journal = {BioMedical Engineering OnLine},
  year = {2009},
  number = {1},
  pages = {13},
  volume = {8},
  abstract = {BACKGROUND:Within the intensive care unit (ICU), arterial blood pressure (ABP) is typically recorded at different (and sometimes uneven) sampling frequencies, and from different sensors, and is often corrupted by different artifacts and noise which are often non-Gaussian, nonlinear and nonstationary. Extracting robust parameters from such signals, and providing confidences in the estimates is therefore difficult and requires an adaptive filtering approach which accounts for artifact types.METHODS:Using a large ICU database, and over 6000 hours of simultaneously acquired electrocardiogram (ECG) and ABP waveforms sampled at 125 Hz from a 437 patient subset, we documented six general types of ABP artifact. We describe a new ABP signal quality index (SQI), based upon the combination of two previously reported signal quality measures weighted together. One index measures morphological normality, and the other degradation due to noise. After extracting a 6084-hour subset of clean data using our SQI, we evaluated a new robust tracking algorithm for estimating blood pressure and heart rate (HR) based upon a Kalman Filter (KF) with an update sequence modified by the KF innovation sequence and the value of the SQI. In order to do this, we have created six novel models of different categories of artifacts that we have identified in our ABP waveform data. These artifact models were then injected into clean ABP waveforms in a controlled manner. Clinical blood pressure (systolic, mean and diastolic) estimates were then made from the ABP waveforms for both clean and corrupted data. The mean absolute error for systolic, mean and diastolic blood pressure was then calculated for different levels of artifact pollution to provide estimates of expected errors given a single value of the SQI.RESULTS:Our artifact models demonstrate that artifact types have differing effects on systolic, diastolic and mean ABP estimates. We show that, for most artifact types, diastolic ABP estimates are less noise-sensitive than mean ABP estimates, which in turn are more robust than systolic ABP estimates. We also show that our SQI can provide error bounds for both HR and ABP estimates.CONCLUSION:The KF/SQI-fusion method described in this article was shown to provide an accurate estimate of blood pressure and HR derived from the ABP waveform even in the presence of high levels of persistent noise and artifact, and during extreme bradycardia and tachycardia. Differences in error between artifact types, measurement sensors and the quality of the source signal can be factored into physiological estimation using an unbiased adaptive filter, signal innovation and signal quality measures.},
  doi = {10.1186/1475-925X-8-13},
  issn = {1475-925X},
  pubmedid = {19586547},
  url = {http://www.biomedical-engineering-online.com/content/8/1/13}
}
@article{LiPM08,
  title = {Robust heart rate estimation from multiple asynchronous noisy sources using signal quality indices and a {K}alman Filter},
  author = {Li, Q. and Mark, R. G. and Clifford, G. D.},
  journal = {IOP Physiol Meas},
  year = {2008},
  month = {Jan},
  number = {1},
  pages = {15-32},
  volume = {29}
}
@article{Li2007,
  title = {{Sequential Blind Extraction Adopting Second-Order Statistics}},
  author = {Li, Xi-Lin and Zhang, Xian-Da},
  journal = {{IEEE} Signal Processing Lett.},
  year = {2007},
  number = {1},
  pages = {58--61},
  volume = {14},
  doi = {10.1109/LSP.2006.881519},
  editor = {Zhang, Xian-Da},
  issn = {1070-9908},
  keywords = {approximation theory, blind source separation, correlation methods, electrocardiography, feature extraction, higher order statistics, matrix algebra, medical signal processing, ECG data, a priori knowledge, approximation, autocorrelation matrix, electrocardiography, joint diagonalization, second-order statistics, sequential blind extraction algorithm, Approximate joint diagonalization (AJD), blind extraction, second-order statistics (SOS)},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2008.01.29}
}
@article{Li2006,
  author = {Yuanqing Li and Amari, S. and Cichocki, A. and Ho, D.W.C. and Shengli Xie},
  journal = {Signal Processing, IEEE Transactions on},
  title = {Underdetermined blind source separation based on sparse representation},
  year = {2006},
  issn = {1053-587X},
  month = {Feb.},
  number = {2},
  pages = {423-437},
  volume = {54},
  abstract = {This paper discusses underdetermined (i.e., with more sources than sensors) blind source separation (BSS) using a two-stage sparse representation approach. The first challenging task of this approach is to estimate precisely the unknown mixing matrix. In this paper, an algorithm for estimating the mixing matrix that can be viewed as an extension of the DUET and the TIFROM methods is first developed. Standard clustering algorithms (e.g., K-means method) also can be used for estimating the mixing matrix if the sources are sufficiently sparse. Compared with the DUET, the TIFROM methods, and standard clustering algorithms, with the authors' proposed method, a broader class of problems can be solved, because the required key condition on sparsity of the sources can be considerably relaxed. The second task of the two-stage approach is to estimate the source matrix using a standard linear programming algorithm. Another main contribution of the work described in this paper is the development of a recoverability analysis. After extending the results in , a necessary and sufficient condition for recoverability of a source vector is obtained. Based on this condition and various types of source sparsity, several probability inequalities and probability estimates for the recoverability issue are established. Finally, simulation results that illustrate the effectiveness of the theoretical results are presented.},
  doi = {10.1109/TSP.2005.861743},
  keywords = {blind source separation, linear programming, signal representation, sparse matrices clustering algorithms, linear programming algorithm, mixing matrix, recoverability analysis, sparse representation approach, two-stage approach, undetermined blind source separation}
}
@article{LiYi2008,
  title = {An algorithm for extracting fetal electrocardiogram},
  author = {Yunxia Li and Zhang Yi},
  journal = {Neurocomput.},
  year = {2008},
  number = {7-9},
  pages = {1538--1542},
  volume = {71},
  address = {Amsterdam, The Netherlands, The Netherlands},
  doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neucom.2007.05.001},
  issn = {0925-2312},
  publisher = {Elsevier Science Publishers B. V.}
}
@article{LiMa2005,
  title = {{ECG Modeling with DFG}},
  author = {Zheying Li and Minjie Ma},
  year = {2005},
  month = jan.,
  pages = {2691 -2694},
  abstract = {ECG signals model described by data flow graph (DFG) is addressed in this paper. The model is built on the time processing. The principle of DFG modeling method for ECG signal is based on the idea of ECG time interval. According to the data processing flow, the each wave could be considered as a piece of ECG signal and the pieces could be processed in time sequence. According to the model, the time characters and parameters could be processed by the algorithm. And the model is also useful for the design of ECG signal generator},
  booktitle = {Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, 2005. IEEE-EMBS 2005. 27th Annual International Conference of the},
  doi = {10.1109/IEMBS.2005.1617025},
  keywords = {DFG;ECG modeling;ECG signal generator;data flow graph;data processing flow;time processing;time sequence;data flow graphs;electrocardiography;medical signal processing;physiological models;}
}
@article{Lindsley1942,
  title = {{Heart and Brain Potentials of Human Fetuses in Utero}},
  author = {D. B. Lindsley},
  journal = {The American Journal of Psychology},
  year = {1942},
  month = {July},
  number = {3},
  pages = {412-416},
  volume = {55},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2008.04.29}
}
@article{LiuEtAl2016,
  title = {An open access database for the evaluation of heart sound algorithms},
  author = {Chengyu Liu and David Springer and Qiao Li and Benjamin Moody and Ricardo Abad Juan and Francisco J Chorro and Francisco
Castells and Jos\'e Millet Roig and Ikaro Silva and Alistair E W Johnson and Zeeshan Syed and Samuel E Schmidt and Chrysa D
Papadaniil and Leontios Hadjileontiadis and Hosein Naseri and Ali Moukadem and Alain Dieterlen and Christian Brandt and Hong
Tang and Maryam Samieinasab and Mohammad Reza Samieinasab and Reza Sameni and Roger G Mark and Gari D Clifford},
  journal = {Physiological Measurement},
  year = {2016},
  number = {12},
  pages = {2181--2213},
  volume = {37},
  abstract = {In the past few decades, analysis of heart sound signals (i.e. the phonocardiogram or PCG), especially for automated heart sound segmentation and classification, has been widely studied and has been reported to have the potential value to detect pathology accurately in clinical applications. However, comparative analyses of algorithms in the literature have been hindered by the lack of high-quality, rigorously validated, and standardized open databases of heart sound recordings. This paper describes a public heart sound database, assembled for an international competition, the PhysioNet/Computing in Cardiology (CinC) Challenge 2016. The archive comprises nine different heart sound databases sourced from multiple research groups around the world. It includes 2435 heart sound recordings in total collected from 1297 healthy subjects and patients with a variety of conditions, including heart valve disease and coronary artery disease. The recordings were collected from a variety of clinical or nonclinical (such as in-home visits) environments and equipment. The length of recording varied from several seconds to several minutes. This article reports detailed information about the subjects/patients including demographics (number, age, gender), recordings (number, location, state and time length), associated synchronously recorded signals, sampling frequency and sensor type used. We also provide a brief summary of the commonly used heart sound segmentation and classification methods, including open source code provided concurrently for the Challenge. A description of the PhysioNet/CinC Challenge 2016, including the main aims, the training and test sets, the hand corrected annotations for different heart sound states, the scoring mechanism, and associated open source code are provided. In addition, several potential benefits from the public heart sound database are discussed.},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1088/0967-3334/37/12/2181}
}
@inproceedings{Liu03,
  title = {{Blind Source Separation Based on Dual Adaptive Control}},
  author = {D. Liu and X. Liu and F. Qian and H. Liu},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 4th Int. Symp. on Independent Component Analysis and Blind Source Separation (ICA2003)},
  year = {2003},
  address = {Nara, Japan},
  month = {April 1-4},
  pages = {445-450},
  url = {www.kecl.ntt.co.jp/icl/signal/ica2003/cdrom/data/0069.pdf}
}
@book{ljung1994,
  title = {Modeling of Dynamic Systems},
  author = {Ljung, L. and Torkel Glad},
  publisher = {Prentice Hall},
  year = {1994},
  series = {Prentice Hall Information \& System Sciences Series},
  isbn = {9780135970973},
  lccn = {94000862}
}
@article{Luca2008,
  title = {{P300-Based BCI Mouse with Genetically-Optimized Analogue Control}},
  author = {Luca, C. and Riccardo, P. and Caterina, C. and Francisco S. and Tarassenko, L.},
  journal = {IEE Electronic Letters},
  year = {2008},
  month = {Feb.},
  number = {1},
  pages = {51--61},
  volume = {16},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2012.10.22}
}
@article{Lunshof1998,
  title = {{Fetal and maternal diurnal rhythms during the third trimester of normal pregnancy: Outcomes of computerized analysis of continuous twenty-four-hour fetal heart rate recordings}},
  author = {S. Lunshof and K. Boer and H. Wolf and G. {van Hoffen} and N. Bayram and M. Mirmiran},
  journal = {{American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology}},
  year = {1998},
  pages = {247--254},
  volume = {178},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2009.12.07}
}
@unpublished{Maa03,
  title = {{Estimation Theory and Optimal Filtering, [Lecture Notes]}},
  author = {M. A. Maasoumnia},
  note = {{Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran}},
  year = {2003}
}
@article{Macones2008,
  title = {The 2008 National Institute of Child Health and Human Development workshop report on electronic fetal monitoring: update on definitions, interpretation, and research guidelines},
  author = {Macones, George A and Hankins, Gary DV and Spong, Catherine Y and Hauth, John and Moore, Thomas},
  journal = {Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, \& Neonatal Nursing},
  year = {2008},
  number = {5},
  pages = {510--515},
  volume = {37},
  owner = {sameni},
  publisher = {Wiley Online Library},
  timestamp = {2016.10.01}
}
@article{Maeda2009,
  title = {Detailed multigrade evaluation of fetal disorders with the quantified actocardiogram},
  author = {Maeda, Kazuo and Iwabe, Tomio and Yoshida, Souichi and Ito, Takashi and Minagawa, Yukihisa and Morokuma, Seiichi and Pooh, Ritsuko K and Fuchiwaki, Taisuke},
  journal = {Journal of perinatal medicine},
  year = {2009},
  number = {4},
  pages = {392--396},
  volume = {37},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2016.10.01}
}
@article{Magann1997,
  title = {Amniotic fluid volume in normal singleton pregnancies.},
  author = {E. F. Magann and J. D. Bass and S. P. Chauhan and R. A. Young and N. S. Whitworth and J. C. Morrison},
  journal = {Obstet Gynecol},
  year = {1997},
  month = {Oct},
  number = {4 Pt 1},
  pages = {524--528},
  volume = {90},
  abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the amniotic fluid (AF) volume in normal singleton pregnancies from 15 to 40 weeks. METHODS: This prospective study evaluated the AF volume in singleton pregnancies undergoing amniocentesis for genetic assessment of fetal karyotype, preterm labor, or fetal lung maturity. Amniotic fluid volume was determined using a dye dilution technique. To assess the relationship between AF volume and estimated gestational age, a nonlinear regression model was applied. RESULTS: One hundred forty-four normal singleton pregnancies had AF volume evaluated. There was wide variability in the measured AF volumes with a significant (P < .01) increase in AF volume as a function of gestational age. Growth curve modeling estimated that AF volume continued to increase until 40 weeks' gestation. Analyses of the observed AF volume indicated that AF volume nearly doubled after 30 weeks' gestation. CONCLUSION: In contrast to other reports indicating that maximal AF volume in singleton gestations is expected early in the third trimester, we observed the attainment of maximal AF volume near term.},
  institution = {Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, USA.},
  keywords = {Adult; Amniotic Fluid; Female; Gestational Age; Humans; Pregnancy; Prospective Studies; Regression Analysis},
  owner = {sameni},
  pmid = {9380309},
  timestamp = {2008.05.09}
}
@article{Maggioni05,
  title = {Circadian rhythm of maternal blood pressure and fetal growth},
  author = {Maggioni, C. and Cornelissen, G. and Otsuka, K. and Halberg, F. and Consonni, D. and Nicolini, U.},
  journal = {Biomed Pharmacother},
  year = {2005},
  month = {October},
  number = {1},
  pages = {S86-S91},
  volume = {59}
}
@article{Makeig96,
  title = {{Independent component analysis of electroencephalographic data}},
  author = {S. Makeig and A.J. Bell and T-P. Jung and T.J. Sejnowski},
  journal = {{Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems}},
  year = {1996},
  pages = {145--151},
  volume = {8},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2010.08.01}
}
@book{mallat2008wavelet,
  title = {A Wavelet Tour of Signal Processing: The Sparse Way},
  author = {S. Mallat},
  publisher = {Elsevier Science},
  year = {2008}
}
@book{MP95,
  title = {{Bioelectromagnetism, Principles and Applications of Bioelectric and Biomagnetic Fields}},
  author = {J. A. Malmivuo and R. Plonsey},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1995},
  url = {http://butler.cc.tut.fi/~malmivuo/bem/bembook}
}
@article{Manning1999,
  title = {Fetal biophysical profile},
  author = {Manning, Frank A},
  journal = {Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North America},
  year = {1999},
  number = {4},
  pages = {557--577},
  volume = {26},
  owner = {sameni},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  timestamp = {2016.10.01}
}
@book{mano2007digital,
  title = {Digital Design},
  author = {Mano, M. and Ciletti, M.D.},
  publisher = {Pearson Prentice Hall},
  year = {2007},
  isbn = {9780132340434},
  lccn = {2007274820}
}
@article{MHAC06,
  title = {Performance comparison of independent component analysis algorithms for fetal cardiac signal reconstruction: a study on synthetic {fMCG} data},
  author = {D Mantini and K E Hild II and G Alleva and S Comani},
  journal = {Phys. Med. Biol.},
  year = {2006},
  pages = {1033-1046},
  volume = {51},
  url = {doi:10.1088/0031-9155/51/4/018}
}
@article{Mantini07,
  title = {Complete artifact removal for {EEG} recorded during continuous {fMRI} using independent component analysis},
  author = {D. Mantini and M.G Perrucci and S. Cugini and A. Ferretti and G.L Romani and C. Del Gratta},
  journal = {Neuroimage},
  year = {2007},
  month = {Jan},
  number = {2},
  pages = {598--607},
  volume = {34},
  abstract = {The simultaneous recording of EEG and fMRI is a promising method for combining the electrophysiological and hemodynamic information on cerebral dynamics. However, EEG recordings performed in the MRI scanner are contaminated by imaging, ballistocardiographic (BCG) and ocular artifacts. A number of processing techniques for the cancellation of fMRI environment disturbances exist: the most popular is averaged artifact subtraction (AAS), which performs well for the imaging artifact, but has some limitations in removing the BCG artifact, due to the variability in cardiac wave duration and shape; furthermore, no processing method to attenuate ocular artifact is currently used in EEG/fMRI, and contaminated epochs are simply rejected before signal analysis. In this work, we present a comprehensive method based on independent component analysis (ICA) for simultaneously removing BCG and ocular artifacts from the EEG recordings, as well as residual MRI contamination left by AAS. The ICA method has been tested on event-related potentials (ERPs) obtained from a visual oddball paradigm: it is very effective in attenuating artifacts in order to reconstruct clear brain signals from EEG acquired in the MRI scanner. It performs significantly better than the AAS method in removing the BCG artifact. Furthermore, since ocular artifacts can be completely suppressed, a larger number of trials is available for analysis. A comparison of ERPs inside the magnetic environment with those obtained out of the MRI scanner confirms that no systematic bias in the ERP waveform is produced by the ICA method.}
}
@article{Martens06,
  title = {{An Improved Adaptive Power Line Interference Canceller for Electrocardiography}},
  author = {Martens, S.M.M. and Mischi, M. and Oei, S.G. and Bergmans, J.W.M.},
  journal = {Biomedical Engineering, IEEE Transactions on},
  year = {2006},
  month = {November},
  number = {11},
  pages = {2220-2231},
  volume = {53},
  abstract = {Power line interference may severely corrupt a biomedical recording. Notch filters and adaptive cancellers have been suggested to suppress this interference. We propose an improved adaptive canceller for the reduction of the fundamental power line interference component and harmonics in electrocardiogram (ECG) recordings. The method tracks the amplitude, phase, and frequency of all the interference components for power line frequency deviations up to about 4 Hz. A comparison is made between the performance of our method, former adaptive cancellers, and a narrow and a wide notch filter in suppressing the fundamental power line interference component. For this purpose a real ECG signal is corrupted by an artificial power line interference signal. The cleaned signal after applying all methods is compared with the original ECG signal. Our improved adaptive canceller shows a signal-to-power-line-interference ratio for the fundamental component up to 30 dB higher than that produced by the other methods. Moreover, our method is also effective for the suppression of the harmonics of the power line interference},
  doi = {10.1109/TBME.2006.883631},
  issn = {0018-9294},
  keywords = {electrocardiography, harmonics suppression, interference (signal), medical signal processing, notch filtersECG, adaptive cancellers, electrocardiography, harmonics suppression, improved adaptive power line interference canceller, interference components, interference harmonics, notch filters}
}
@article{Martens2007,
  title = {{A robust fetal ECG detection method for abdominal recordings}},
  author = {Suzanna M M Martens and Chiara Rabotti and Massimo Mischi and Rob J Sluijter},
  journal = {Physiol Meas},
  year = {2007},
  month = {Apr},
  number = {4},
  pages = {373--388},
  volume = {28},
  abstract = {In this paper, we propose a new method for FECG detection in abdominal recordings. The method consists of a sequential analysis approach, in which the a priori information about the interference signals is used for the detection of the FECG. Our method is evaluated on a set of 20 abdominal recordings from pregnant women with different gestational ages. Its performance in terms of fetal heart rate (FHR) detection success is compared with that of independent component analysis (ICA). The results show that our sequential estimation method outperforms ICA with a FHR detection rate of 85\% versus 60\% of ICA. The superior performance of our method is especially evident in recordings with a low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). This indicates that our method is more robust than ICA for FECG detection.},
  doi = {10.1088/0967-3334/28/4/004},
  institution = {Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Technology Eindhoven, Eindhoven, The Netherlands. smm.martens@gmail.com},
  keywords = {Abdomen; Algorithms; Artificial Intelligence; Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted; Electrocardiography; Fetal Monitoring; Humans; Pattern Recognition, Automated; Principal Component Analysis; Reproducibility of Results; Sensitivity and Specificity; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted},
  owner = {sameni},
  pii = {S0967-3334(07)38126-4},
  pmid = {17395993},
  timestamp = {2008.05.02},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0967-3334/28/4/004}
}
@book{marvasti2012nonuniform,
  title = {Nonuniform sampling: theory and practice},
  author = {Marvasti, Farokh},
  publisher = {Springer Science \& Business Media},
  year = {2012}
}
@book{marvasti2001nonuniform,
  title = {Nonuniform Sampling: Theory and Practice},
  author = {Marvasti, F.A.},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers},
  year = {2001},
  series = {Information Technology: Transmission, Processing, and Storage},
  isbn = {9780306464454},
  lccn = {00062213}
}
@book{marvasti1987unified,
  title = {A unified approach to zero-crossings and nonuniform sampling of single and multidimensional signals and systems},
  author = {Marvasti, F.A.},
  publisher = {Nonuniform},
  year = {1987},
  isbn = {9780961816704},
  lccn = {90162001}
}
@article{McCubbin2007,
  title = {{Validation of flash evoked response from fetal MEG}},
  author = {J. McCubbin and P. Murphy and H. Eswaran and H. Preissl and T. Yee and S.E. Robinson and J. Vrba},
  journal = {{Phys Med Biol}},
  year = {2007},
  pages = {5803--5813},
  volume = {52},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2012.10.22}
}
@conference{McDonnellAJOG2011,
  title = {{Comparison of abdominal sensors to a fetal scalp electrode for fetal ST analysis during labor}},
  author = {Caitlin McDonnell and Gari Clifford and Reza Sameni and Jay Ward and Jim Robertson and Adam Wolfberg},
  booktitle = {{American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology}},
  year = {2011},
  month = {January},
  organization = {{Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine}},
  pages = {S256--S256},
  volume = {204},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2011.02.09},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2010.10.669}
}
@book{mcdonough1995detection,
  title = {Detection of signals in noise},
  author = {McDonough, Robert N and Whalen, Anthony D},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1995}
}
@manual{ecggenPhysionet,
  title = {{ECGSYN - A realistic ECG waveform generator}},
  author = {P. E. McSharry and G. D. Clifford},
  url = {http://www.physionet.org/physiotools/ecgsyn/}
}
@article{mcsharrySPIE04,
  title = {A comparison of nonlinear noise reduction and independent component analysis using a realistic dynamical model of the electrocardiogram},
  author = {McSharry, P. E. and Clifford, G. D.},
  journal = {Proc of SPIE International Symposium on Fluctuations and Noise},
  year = {2004},
  number = {09},
  pages = {78-88},
  volume = {5467}
}
@article{McSharry2003,
  title = {{A Dynamic Model for Generating Synthetic Electrocardiogram Signals}},
  author = {P. E. McSharry and G. D. Clifford and L. Tarassenko and L. A. Smith},
  journal = {Biomedical Engineering, IEEE Transactions on},
  year = {2003},
  month = {mar},
  pages = {289-294},
  volume = {50},
  no = {3},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2012.10.22}
}
@article{MB81,
  title = {{The Simulation of the Abdominal {MECG}}},
  author = {W. J. H. Meijer and P. Bergveld},
  journal = {Biomedical Engineering, IEEE Transactions on},
  year = {1981},
  month = {Apr.},
  pages = {354--357},
  volume = {BME-28},
  no = {4}
}
@article{Meinecke2002,
  title = {A resampling approach to estimate the stability of one-dimensional or multidimensional independent components.},
  author = {Frank Meinecke and Andreas Ziehe and Motoaki Kawanabe and Klaus-Robert {M\"{u}ller}},
  journal = {Biomedical Engineering, IEEE Transactions on},
  year = {2002},
  number = {12 Pt 2},
  pages = {1514-25},
  volume = {49}
}
@manual{MicrophaseCorporation2012,
  title = {{Detector Log Video Amplifiers}},
  author = {{Microphase Corporation}},
  year = {2012},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2013.01.28},
  url = {www.microphase.com/military/dlva.shtml}
}
@inproceedings{Min2009,
  title = {Blind Sources Separation Algorithm Based on Adaptive Givens Rotations},
  author = {Zhao Min and Li Weijun and Zhou Guoxu and Zhou Zhiheng},
  booktitle = {Natural Computation, 2009. ICNC '09. Fifth International Conference on},
  year = {2009},
  month = {aug.},
  pages = {95 -99},
  volume = {1},
  doi = {10.1109/ICNC.2009.14},
  keywords = {adaptive Givens rotations;blind sources separation algorithm;natural gradient algorithms;optimization model;blind source separation;gradient methods;optimisation;},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2012.10.22}
}
@article{Minino2007,
  title = {Deaths: Final Data for 2004},
  author = {A. M. Minino and M. P. Heron and S. L. Murphy and K. D. Kochanek},
  journal = {National Vital Statistics Reports},
  year = {2007},
  month = {August},
  number = {19},
  pages = {1--120},
  volume = {55},
  owner = {Reza Sameni},
  timestamp = {2008.05.04}
}
@manual{MMO05,
  title = {{Matlab\textregistered\, Wavelet Toolbox User's guide version 3}},
  author = {M. Misiti and Y. Misiti and G. Oppenheim and J-M Poggi},
  year = {2005},
  url = {http://www.mathworks.com/access/helpdesk/help/toolbox/wavelet/}
}
@book{Mitra2005,
  author = {S. K. Mitra},
  publisher = {McGraw-Hill},
  title = {{Digital Signal Processing: A Computer Based Approach}},
  year = {2005},
  edition = {Third}
}
@mastersthesis{MohammadzadehMS2016,
  title = {{Implementation of Blind Source Separation and Frequency Scrambling Algorithms on FPGA Soft-Cores Using Mixed-Design}},
  author = {Roohollah Mohammadzadeh},
  school = {Computer Architecture, School of Electrical \& Computer Engineering, Shiraz University},
  year = {2016},
  month = {9},
  note = {Supervised by: Dr. Reza Sameni}
}
@article{molgedey1994separation,
  title = {Separation of a mixture of independent signals using time delayed correlations},
  author = {Molgedey, Lutz and Schuster, Heinz Georg},
  journal = {Physical review letters},
  year = {1994},
  number = {23},
  pages = {3634},
  volume = {72},
  publisher = {APS}
}
@article{moody89,
  title = {{QRS} morphology representation and noise estimation using the {K}arhunen-Lo\`{e}ve transform},
  author = {Moody, G.B. and Mark, R.G.},
  journal = {Computers in Cardiology},
  year = {1989},
  pages = {269-272},
  volume = {16}
}
@misc{Moodyf,
  title = {{The MIT-BIH Noise Stress Test Database}},
  author = {Moody, G.B. and Muldrow, W.E. and Mark, R.G.},
  howpublished = {http://www.physionet.org/physiobank/database/nstdb/},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2016.10.01}
}
@misc{nstdb,
  title = {The {MIT-BIH} {N}oise {S}tress {T}est {D}atabase},
  author = {Moody, G.B. and Muldrow, W.E. and Mark, R.G.},
  howpublished = {http://www.physionet.org/physiobank/database/nstdb/}
}
@inproceedings{Moody84,
  title = {A noise stress test for arrhythmia detectors},
  author = {Moody, G.B. and Muldrow, W.E. and Mark, R.G.},
  booktitle = {Computers in Cardiology},
  year = {1984},
  pages = {381-384},
  vol = {11}
}
@article{Moon96,
  title = {{The expectation-maximization algorithm}},
  author = {T. K. Moon},
  journal = {{IEEE} Signal Processing Mag.},
  year = {1996},
  month = {Nov.},
  pages = {47--60},
  volume = {13},
  no = {6}
}
@article{Moraru2011,
  title = {{Validation of fetal auditory evoked cortical responses to enhance the assessment of early brain development using fetal MEG measurements}},
  author = {Liviu Moraru and Reza Sameni and Uwe Schneider and Jens Haueisen and Ekkehard Schleu{\ss}ner and Dirk Hoyer},
  journal = {Physiological Measurements},
  year = {2011},
  month = {October},
  number = {11},
  pages = {1847--1868},
  volume = {32},
  abstract = {The maturation of fetal auditory evoked cortical responses (fAECRs) is an important aspect of developmental medicine, but their reliable identification is limited due to the technical restrictions in prenatal diagnosis. The signal-to-noise ratio of the fAECRs extracted exclusively from fetal magnetoencephalography is a known issue which limits their analysis as markers of brain development. The objective of this work was to develop a signal analysis strategy to address these problems and find appropriate processing steps. In this study, a group of 147 normal fetuses with gestations between 26 and 41 weeks underwent auditory evoked response testing. We combine different approaches that address data cleaning, fAECR determination and statistical fAECR validation to reduce the uncertainty in the detection of the auditory evoked responses. For the statistical validation of the evoked responses, we use parameters computed from bootstrap-based test statistics and the correlation between different averaging modes. Appropriate thresholds for those parameters are identified using linear regression analyses by looking at the maximum correlation coefficients. The results show that by using different validation parameters, the selected fAECRs conduct to similar regression slopes with an average of -13.6 ms/week gestational age which agree with previous studies. Our novel processing framework provides an objective way to identify and eliminate non-physiological variation in the data induced by artifacts. This approach has the potential to produce more reliable data needed in clinical studies for fetal brain maturation as well as extending the investigations to high-risk groups.},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2011.10.01},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0967-3334/32/11/002}
}
@inproceedings{Moraru08,
  title = {Identification of fetal auditory evoked cortical responses using a denoising method based on periodic component analysis},
  author = {L. Moraru and R. Sameni and U. Schneider and C. Jutten and J. Haueisen and D. Hoyer},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 4th European Conference of the International Federation for Medical and Biological Engineering (ECIFMBE 2008)},
  year = {2008},
  address = {Antwerp, Belgium},
  pages = {1390--1393},
  mounth = {23--27 November},
  url = {https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-540-89208-3_329}
}
@inproceedings{Moraru2010,
  title = {Identification of fetal auditory evoked responses from biomagnetic measurements},
  author = {L. Moraru and U. Schneider and R. Sameni and D. Hoyer},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 44th Annual Conference of the German Society of biomedical engineering},
  year = {2010},
  address = {Rostock, Germany},
  month = {October},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2015.01.13}
}
@article{Muceli2007,
  title = {Real-time foetal ECG extraction with JADE on floating point DSP},
  author = {Muceli, S. and Pani, D. and Raffo, L.},
  journal = {Electronics Letters},
  year = {2007},
  month = {31},
  number = {18},
  pages = {963 -965},
  volume = {43},
  doi = {10.1049/el:20071331},
  issn = {0013-5194},
  keywords = {JADE algorithm;TMS320C6713;block-on-line version;floating point DSP;foetal ECG extraction;mixing process variation;digital signal processing chips;electrocardiography;medical signal processing;},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2012.10.22}
}
@book{Muller2006,
  title = {Elementary functions},
  author = {Muller, J.M.},
  publisher = {Birkh{\"a}user Boston},
  year = {2006},
  series = {Computer Science},
  isbn = {9780817644086},
  lccn = {2005048094},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2014.06.25}
}
@article{Muro04,
  title = {{Changes in diurnal variations in the fetal heart rate baseline with advancing gestational age}},
  author = {Masami Muro and Hideaki Shono and Mayumi Shono and Akira Uchiyama and Tsuyoshi Iwasaka},
  journal = {{Sleep and Biological Rhythms}},
  year = {2004},
  pages = {83--85},
  volume = {2:1},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2009.12.07}
}
@article{Murphy06,
  title = {{Endocrine Regulation of Human Fetal Growth: The Role of the Mother, Placenta, and Fetus}},
  author = {Murphy, Vanessa E. and Smith, Roger and Giles, Warwick B. and Clifton, Vicki L.},
  journal = {Endocr Rev},
  year = {2006},
  number = {2},
  pages = {141-169},
  volume = {27},
  abstract = {The environment in which the fetus develops is critical for its survival and long-term health. The regulation of normal human fetal growth involves many multidirectional interactions between the mother, placenta, and fetus. The mother supplies nutrients and oxygen to the fetus via the placenta. The fetus influences the provision of maternal nutrients via the placental production of hormones that regulate maternal metabolism. The placenta is the site of exchange between mother and fetus and regulates fetal growth via the production and metabolism of growth-regulating hormones such as IGFs and glucocorticoids. Adequate trophoblast invasion in early pregnancy and increased uteroplacental blood flow ensure sufficient growth of the uterus, placenta, and fetus. The placenta may respond to fetal endocrine signals to increase transport of maternal nutrients by growth of the placenta, by activation of transport systems, and by production of placental hormones to influence maternal physiology and even behavior. There are consequences of poor fetal growth both in the short term and long term, in the form of increased mortality and morbidity. Endocrine regulation of fetal growth involves interactions between the mother, placenta, and fetus, and these effects may program long-term physiology.},
  doi = {10.1210/er.2005-0011},
  eprint = {http://edrv.endojournals.org/cgi/reprint/27/2/141.pdf},
  url = {http://edrv.endojournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/27/2/141}
}
@article{Mydlarczyk2001,
  title = {{A Volterra inequality with the power type nonlinear kernel}},
  author = {W. Mydlarczyk},
  journal = {Journal of Inequalities and Applications},
  year = {2001},
  number = {6},
  pages = {625-631},
  volume = {6},
  doi = {doi:10.1155/S1025583401000376},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2008.05.28}
}
@manual{Nor01,
  title = {{The Kalman Filter Toolbox}},
  author = {M. N{\o}rgaard},
  url = {http://www.iau.dtu.dk/research/control/kalmtool.html}
}
@article{NadakuditiEdelman2008,
  author = {Nadakuditi, R.R. and Edelman, A.},
  journal = {Signal Processing, IEEE Transactions on},
  title = {Sample Eigenvalue Based Detection of High-Dimensional Signals in White Noise Using Relatively Few Samples},
  year = {2008},
  issn = {1053-587X},
  month = {july},
  number = {7},
  pages = {2625 -2638},
  volume = {56},
  abstract = {The detection and estimation of signals in noisy, limited data is a problem of interest to many scientific and engineering communities. We present a mathematically justifiable, computationally simple, sample-eigenvalue-based procedure for estimating the number of high-dimensional signals in white noise using relatively few samples. The main motivation for considering a sample-eigenvalue-based scheme is the computational simplicity and the robustness to eigenvector modelling errors which can adversely impact the performance of estimators that exploit information in the sample eigenvectors. There is, however, a price we pay by discarding the information in the sample eigenvectors; we highlight a fundamental asymptotic limit of sample-eigenvalue-based detection of weak or closely spaced high-dimensional signals from a limited sample size. This motivates our heuristic definition of the effective number of identifiable signals which is equal to the number of ldquosignalrdquo eigenvalues of the population covariance matrix which exceed the noise variance by a factor strictly greater than . The fundamental asymptotic limit brings into sharp focus why, when there are too few samples available so that the effective number of signals is less than the actual number of signals, underestimation of the model order is unavoidable (in an asymptotic sense) when using any sample-eigenvalue-based detection scheme, including the one proposed herein. The analysis reveals why adding more sensors can only exacerbate the situation. Numerical simulations are used to demonstrate that the proposed estimator, like Wax and Kailath's MDL-based estimator, consistently estimates the true number of signals in the dimension fixed, large sample size limit and the effective number of identifiable signals, unlike Wax and Kailath's MDL-based estimator, in the large dimension, (relatively) large sample size limit.},
  doi = {10.1109/TSP.2008.917356},
  keywords = {covariance matrix;eigenvector error modelling;high-dimensional signal detection;noise variance;sample-eigenvalue-based procedure;signal estimation;white noise;covariance matrices;eigenvalues and eigenfunctions;estimation theory;signal detection;signal sampling;white noise;}
}
@article{NaeeBLGP06,
  title = {Seperability of four-class motor imagery data using independent components analysis.},
  author = {M. Naeem and C. Brunner and R. Leeb and B. Graimann and G. Pfurtscheller},
  journal = {J. Neural Eng.},
  year = {2006},
  month = {Sep},
  number = {3},
  pages = {208--216},
  volume = {3},
  abstract = {This paper compares different ICA preprocessing algorithms on cross-validated training data as well as on unseen test data. The {EEG} data were recorded from 22 electrodes placed over the whole scalp during motor imagery tasks consisting of four different classes, namely the imagination of right hand, left hand, foot and tongue movements. Two sessions on different days were recorded for eight subjects. Three different independent components analysis (ICA) algorithms (Infomax, FastICA and SOBI) were studied and compared to common spatial patterns (CSP), Laplacian derivations and standard bipolar derivations, which are other well-known preprocessing methods. Among the ICA algorithms, the best performance was achieved by Infomax when using all 22 components as well as for the selected 6 components. However, the performance of Laplacian derivations was comparable with Infomax for both cross-validated and unseen data. The overall best four-class classification accuracies (between 33\% and 84\%) were obtained with CSP. For the cross-validated training data, CSP performed slightly better than Infomax, whereas for unseen test data, CSP yielded significantly better classification results than Infomax in one of the sessions.},
  doi = {10.1088/1741-2560/3/3/003},
  file = {NaeeBLGP06.pdf:NaeeBLGP06.pdf:PDF},
  keywords = {Adult; Algorithms; Artificial Intelligence; Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted; Electroencephalography; Evoked Potentials, Motor; Female; Humans; Imagination; Male; Movement; Pattern Recognition, Automated; Principal Component Analysis; Reproducibility of Results; Sensitivity and Specificity},
  owner = {Cedric Gouy-Pailler},
  pii = {S1741-2560(06)17554-0},
  pmid = {16921204},
  timestamp = {2007.01.09},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1741-2560/3/3/003}
}
@article{Naik2006,
  title = {Limitations and Applications of {ICA} for Surface Electromyogram},
  author = {Naik, G.R. and Kumar, D.K. and Arjunan, S.P. and Palaniswami, M. and Begg, R.},
  journal = {Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, 2006. EMBS '06. 28th Annual International Conference of the IEEE},
  year = {2006},
  month = {30 2006-Sept. 3},
  number = {5},
  pages = {5739--5742},
  volume = {46},
  abstract = {This paper reports research conducted to evaluate the use of sparse ICA for the separation of muscle activity from SEMG. It discusses some of the conditions that could affect the reliability of the separation and evaluates issues related to the properties of the signals and number of sources. The paper reports tests using Zibulevsky's method of temporal plotting to identify number of independent sources in SEMG recordings. The theoretical analysis and experimental results demonstrate that sparse ICA is not suitable for SEMG signals. The results identify that the technique is unable to identify finite number of active muscles. The work demonstrates that even at extremely low level of muscle contraction, and with filtering using wavelets and band pass filters, it is not possible to get the data sparse enough to identify number of independent sources using Zibulevsky's sparse decomposition technique},
  doi = {10.1109/IEMBS.2006.259844},
  issn = {1557-170X},
  keywords = {band-pass filters, biomechanics, electromyography, independent component analysis, medical signal processing, wavelet transformsICA, Zibulevsky method, band pass filters, muscle activity, muscle contraction, sparse decomposition technique, surface EMG, surface electromyogram, temporal plotting, wavelet filtering}
}
@mastersthesis{HadiNarimaniMS2014,
  title = {{Application of Kalman and H-infinity Filters in Electrocardiogram Denoising}},
  author = {Hadi Narimani},
  school = {Biomedical Engineering, School of Electrical \& Computer Engineering, Shiraz University},
  year = {2014},
  month = {9},
  note = {Supervised by: Dr. Reza Sameni}
}
@inproceedings{NarimaniSameni2015,
  title = {Electrocardiogram Denoising Using H-Infinity Filters},
  author = {Narimani, H. and Sameni, R.},
  booktitle = {Electrical Engineering (ICEE), 2015 23rd Iranian Conference on},
  year = {2015},
  month = {May},
  note = {In Persian}
}
@article{Nelson96,
  title = {{Uncertain Value of Electronic Fetal Monitoring in Predicting Cerebral Palsy}},
  author = {Nelson, Karin B. and Dambrosia, James M. and Ting, Tricia Y. and Grether, Judith K.},
  journal = {N Engl J Med},
  year = {1996},
  number = {10},
  pages = {613-619},
  volume = {334},
  abstract = {Background Electronic monitoring of the fetal heart rate is commonly performed, in part to detect hypoxia during delivery that may result in brain injury. It is not known whether specific abnormalities on electronic fetal monitoring are related to the risk of cerebral palsy. Methods Among 155,636 children born from 1983 through 1985 in four California counties, we identified singleton infants with birth weights of at least 2500 g who survived to three years of age and had moderate or severe cerebral palsy. The children with cerebral palsy were compared with randomly selected control children with respect to characteristics noted in the birth records. Results Seventy-eight of 95 children with cerebral palsy and 300 of 378 controls underwent intrapartum fetal monitoring. Characteristics found to be associated with an increased risk of cerebral palsy were multiple late decelerations in the heart rate, commonly defined as slowing of the heart rate well after the onset of uterine contractions (odds ratio, 3.9; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.7 to 9.3), and decreased beat-to-beat variability of the heart rate (odds ratio, 2.7; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.1 to 5.8); there was no association between the highest or lowest fetal heart rate recorded for each child and the risk of cerebral palsy. Even after adjustment for other risk factors, the association of abnormalities on fetal monitoring with an increased risk of cerebral palsy persisted (adjusted odds ratio, 2.7; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.4 to 5.4). The 21 children with cerebral palsy who had multiple late decelerations or decreased variability in heart rate on fetal monitoring represented only 0.19 percent of singleton infants with birth weights of 2500 g or more who had these fetal-monitoring findings, for a false positive rate of 99.8 percent. Conclusions Specific abnormal findings on electronic monitoring of the fetal heart rate were associated with an increased risk of cerebral palsy. However, the false positive rate was extremely high. Since cesarean section is often performed when such abnormalities are noted and is associated with risk to the mother, our findings arouse concern that, if these indications were widely used, many cesarean sections would be performed without benefit and with the potential for harm.},
  doi = {10.1056/NEJM199603073341001},
  eprint = {http://content.nejm.org/cgi/reprint/334/10/613.pdf},
  url = {http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/abstract/334/10/613}
}
@article{Netoff2002,
  author = {Netoff, Theoden I and Schiff, Steven J},
  journal = {The Journal of neuroscience},
  title = {Decreased neuronal synchronization during experimental seizures},
  year = {2002},
  number = {16},
  pages = {7297--7307},
  volume = {22},
  groups = {[sameni:]},
  owner = {sameni},
  publisher = {Soc Neuroscience},
  timestamp = {2016.10.01}
}
@article{nguyen2009measuring,
  title = {Measuring instantaneous frequency of local field potential oscillations using the Kalman smoother},
  author = {Nguyen, David P and Wilson, Matthew A and Brown, Emery N and Barbieri, Riccardo},
  journal = {Journal of neuroscience methods},
  year = {2009},
  number = {2},
  pages = {365--374},
  volume = {184},
  publisher = {Elsevier}
}
@article{Sulas2021,
  author = {Eleonora Sulas and Monica Urru and Roberto Tumbarello and Luigi Raffo and Reza Sameni and Danilo Pani},
  journal = {Scientific Data},
  title = {{A non-invasive multimodal foetal ECG-Doppler dataset for antenatal cardiology research}},
  year = {2021},
  month = {jan},
  number = {1},
  volume = {8},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-021-00811-3},
  publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media {LLC}}
}
@article{nikahd2016high,
  title = {High-Speed Hardware Implementation of Fixed and Runtime Variable Window Length 1-D Median Filters},
  author = {Nikahd, Eesa and Behnam, Payman and Sameni, Reza},
  journal = {IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs},
  year = {2016},
  number = {5},
  pages = {478--482},
  volume = {63},
  publisher = {IEEE},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1109/TCSII.2015.2504945}
}
@mastersthesis{SajadNiknamMS2012,
  title = {{Multichannel Cardiac Signal Processing \& Sensor Selection Techniques}},
  author = {Sajad Niknam},
  school = {Biomedical Engineering, School of Electrical \& Computer Engineering, Shiraz University},
  year = {2012},
  month = {1},
  note = {Supervised by: Dr. Reza Sameni}
}
@article{niknazar2013fetal,
  title = {{Fetal ECG extraction by extended state Kalman filtering based on single-channel recordings}},
  author = {Niknazar, Mohammad and Rivet, Bertrand and Jutten, Christian},
  journal = {Biomedical Engineering, IEEE Transactions on},
  year = {2013},
  number = {5},
  pages = {1345--1352},
  volume = {60},
  publisher = {IEEE}
}
@inproceedings{NG00,
  title = {{ECG signal denoising using wavelet domain Wiener filtering}},
  author = {N. Nikolaev and A. Gotchev},
  booktitle = {Proc. European Signal Processing Conf. EUSIPCO-2000},
  year = {2000},
  address = {Tampere, Finland},
  month = {September},
  pages = {51-54}
}
@article{Nowak2002,
  title = {Nonlinear system identification},
  author = {Nowak, RobertD.},
  journal = {Circuits, Systems and Signal Processing},
  year = {2002},
  number = {1},
  pages = {109-122},
  volume = {21},
  doi = {10.1007/BF01211655},
  issn = {0278-081X},
  keywords = {Nonlinear systems; identification; Volterra/Wiener systems; neural networks; state-space models},
  language = {English},
  owner = {sameni},
  publisher = {Birkh?user-Verlag},
  timestamp = {2014.08.20}
}
@book{nunez2006electric,
  title = {Electric fields of the brain: the neurophysics of EEG},
  author = {Nunez, Paul L and Srinivasan, Ramesh},
  publisher = {Oxford university press},
  year = {2006}
}
@article{OGrady2005,
  title = {{Survey of sparse and non-sparse methods in source separation}},
  author = {P. D. O'Grady and B. A. Pearlmutter and S. T. Rickard},
  journal = {International Journal of Imaging Systems and Technology},
  year = {2005},
  number = {1},
  pages = {18--33},
  volume = {15},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2009.05.30}
}
@misc{OLeary,
  title = {{QR Factorizations using a Restricted Set of Rotations}},
  author = {Dianne P. O'Leary and Stephen and S. Bullock},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2012.10.22}
}
@article{OSL02,
  title = {{Block adaptive filters with deterministic reference inputs for event related signals; BLMS and BRLS}},
  author = {S. Olmos and L. {S\"{o}rnmo} and P. Laguna},
  journal = {{IEEE} Trans. Signal Processing},
  year = {2002},
  pages = {1102-1112},
  volume = {50},
  no = {5}
}
@book{Oostendorp1989,
  title = {Modeling the Fetal {ECG}},
  author = {T. Oostendorp},
  publisher = {Ph.D. dissertation, K. U. Nijmegen, The Netherlands},
  year = {1989},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2012.10.22}
}
@article{Oos89a,
  title = {{Electrical properties of tissues involved in the conduction of fetal ECG}},
  author = {T.F. Oostendorp and A. van Oosterom and H.W. Jongsma},
  journal = {Biomed Eng Comput},
  year = {1989},
  pages = {322--324},
  volume = {27},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2008.07.17}
}
@article{Oost89d,
  title = {The fetal {ECG} throughout the second half of gestation},
  author = {T. F. Oostendorp and A. van Oosterom and H. W. Jongsma},
  journal = {Clin Phys physiol Meas.},
  year = {1989},
  number = {2},
  pages = {147--160},
  volume = {10}
}
@article{Oost89e,
  title = {The effect of changes in the conductive medium on the fetal {ECG} throughout gestation},
  author = {T. F. Oostendorp and A. van Oosterom and H. W. Jongsma},
  journal = {Clin. Phys. physiol Meas.},
  year = {1989},
  pages = {11--20},
  volume = {10 Sup. {B}}
}
@article{Oos02,
  title = {Beyond the Dipole; Modeling the Genesis of the Electrocardiogram},
  author = {A. van Oosterom},
  journal = {100 years Einthoven},
  year = {2002},
  note = {The Einthoven Foundation, Leiden},
  pages = {7-15},
  editors = {M.J Schalij and M. C Janse and A. van Oosterom and H. J. J Wellens and E. van der Wal.}
}
@article{Oosterom86,
  title = {Spatial filtering of the fetal electrocardiogram},
  author = {A. van Oosterom},
  journal = {J. Perinat Med.},
  year = {1986},
  number = {6},
  pages = {411--419},
  volume = {14},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2008.04.29}
}
@book{oppenheim1999discrete,
  title = {{Discrete-time signal processing}},
  author = {Oppenheim, A.V. and Schafer, R.W. and Buck, J.R.},
  publisher = {Prentice Hall},
  year = {1999},
  series = {Prentice-Hall signal processing series},
  isbn = {9780137549207},
  lccn = {98050398}
}
@book{Oppenheim1997,
  title = {Signals and Systems},
  author = {Alan V. Oppenheim and Alan S. Willsky and Hamid Nawab},
  publisher = {Prentice Hall International, Inc.},
  year = {1997},
  owner = {a},
  timestamp = {2009.01.12}
}
@inproceedings{oraintara2000method,
  title = {A method for choosing the regularization parameter in generalized Tikhonov regularized linear inverse problems},
  author = {Oraintara, S. and Karl, W.C. and Castanon, D.A. and Nguyen, T.Q.},
  booktitle = {Image Processing, 2000. Proceedings. 2000 International Conference on},
  year = {2000},
  pages = {93-96 vol.1},
  volume = {1},
  abstract = {This paper presents a systematic and computable method for choosing the regularization parameter appearing in Tikhonov-type regularization based on non-quadratic regularizers. First, we extend the notion of the L-curve, originally defined for quadratically regularized problems, to the case of non-quadratic functions. We then associate the optimal value of the regularization parameter for these non-quadratic problems with the corner of the resulting generalized L-curve. We identify the corner of this L-curve as the point of tangency between a straight line of arbitrary slope and the L-curve. This definition results in a corresponding algebraic equation which the optimal regularization parameter must satisfy. This algebraic equation naturally leads to an iterative algorithm for the optimal value of the regularization parameter. The convergence of this iterative algorithm is established. Simulation results confirm that the proposed method yields values of the regularization parameters that result in good reconstructions for non-quadratic problems},
  doi = {10.1109/ICIP.2000.900900},
  issn = {1522-4880},
  keywords = {approximation theory;image reconstruction;inverse problems;iterative methods;optimisation;parameter estimation;tomography;L-curve;algebraic equation;generalized Tikhonov regularized linear inverse problems;image deblurring;iterative algorithm convergence;linear inverse problems;nonquadratic functions;nonquadratic problems reconstruction;nonquadratic regularizers;optimal regularization parameter;quadratically regularized problems;simulation results;tomographic image reconstruction;Atmospheric modeling;Convergence;Equations;Force measurement;Image reconstruction;Inverse problems;Iterative algorithms;Laboratories;Multidimensional signal processing;Signal processing algorithms}
}
@article{Osei1999,
  title = {Fetal position and size data for dose estimation.},
  author = {E. K. Osei and K. Faulkner},
  journal = {Br J Radiol},
  year = {1999},
  month = {Apr},
  number = {856},
  pages = {363--370},
  volume = {72},
  abstract = {In order to establish both positional and size data for estimation of fetal absorbed dose from radiological examinations, the depth from the mother's anterior surface to the mid-line of the fetal head and abdomen were measured from ultrasound scans in 215 pregnant women. Depths were measured along a ray path projected in the anteroposterior (AP) direction from the mother's abdomen. The fetal size was estimated from measurements of the fetal abdominal and head circumference, femur length and the biparietal diameter. The effects of fetal presentation, maternal bladder volume, placenta location, gestational age and maternal AP thickness on fetal depth and size were analysed. The fetal position from the anterior surface of the mother's abdomen is shorter for posterior placenta and empty bladder volume, but longer for anterior placenta and full bladder volume. Mean fetal depth (MFD) observed for all bladder volumes, fetal presentations and placenta locations increased from 6.5 +/- 0.5 cm to 10.2 +/- 0.7 cm over the duration of pregnancy. Similarly, mean fetal skull depth (FSD) increased from 6.6 +/- 0.6 cm to 9.8 +/- 0.6 cm over the period of pregnancy, but only from about 6.6 cm to 7.8 cm over the period (8-25 weeks) when damage to the developing brain has been observed to result in mental retardation. Using the range of mean fetal depth (4.7-13.9 cm) observed in this study and depth dose data at 75 kVp and 3.0 mmAl half value thickness (HVT), fetal absorbed dose would be overestimated by up to 66\% or underestimated by up to 77\% if the mean value of MFD (8.1 cm) is used rather than actual individual values. These errors increase with lower tube potential and filtration up to over 90\% overestimation and up to 100\% underestimation at 60 kVp and 1.0 mmAl filtration.},
  institution = {Regional Medical Physics Department, Newcastle General Hospital, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK.},
  keywords = {Anthropometry; Body Height; Body Weight; Female; Fetus; Gestational Age; Humans; Labor Presentation; Maternal Exposure; Placenta; Pregnancy; Radiation Dosage; Ultrasonography, Prenatal; Urinary Bladder},
  owner = {sameni},
  pmid = {10474497},
  timestamp = {2008.05.09}
}
@book{ottesen2004,
  title = {Applied Mathematical Models in Human Physiology},
  author = {Ottesen, J.T. and Olufsen, M.S. and Larsen, J.K.},
  publisher = {Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics},
  year = {2004},
  series = {Monographs on Mathematical Modeling and Computation},
  isbn = {9780898715392},
  lccn = {03067274}
}
@inproceedings{Outram95,
  title = {Techniques for Optimal Enhancement and Feature Extraction of Fetal Electrocardiogram},
  author = {N. J. Outram and E. C. Ifeachor and P. W. J. Van Eetvelt and J. S. H. Curnow},
  booktitle = {IEE Proc.-Sci. Meas. Technol.},
  year = {1995},
  month = {November},
  number = {6},
  pages = {482--489},
  volume = {142},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2008.04.30}
}
@article{Pajkrt2004,
  title = {Fetal cardiac anomalies and genetic syndromes.},
  author = {Eva Pajkrt and Boaz Weisz and Helen V Firth and Lyn S Chitty},
  journal = {Prenat Diagn},
  year = {2004},
  month = {Dec},
  number = {13},
  pages = {1104--1115},
  volume = {24},
  abstract = {Cardiac anomalies may occur in isolation or can be part of a genetic syndrome. In this article, we describe some of the genetic syndromes commonly associated with cardiac anomalies where there are other sonographic features that may aid accurate prenatal diagnosis.},
  doi = {10.1002/pd.1067},
  institution = {Institute of Child Health, University College London Hospital, London, UK.},
  keywords = {Chromosome Aberrations; Fetal Diseases; Fetal Heart; Genetic Diseases, Inborn; Heart Defects, Congenital; Humans; Hydrops Fetalis; Mass Screening; Musculoskeletal Abnormalities; Nuchal Translucency Measurement; Syndrome; Teratogens; Ultrasonography, Prenatal},
  owner = {Reza Sameni},
  pmid = {15614851},
  timestamp = {2008.05.04},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pd.1067}
}
@book{palnitkar2003verilog,
  title = {Verilog Hdl: A Guide to Digital Design and Synthesis},
  author = {Palnitkar, S.},
  publisher = {SunSoft Press},
  year = {2003},
  isbn = {9780130449115},
  lccn = {2003269714}
}
@article{Pan1985,
  title = {{A Real-Time QRS Detection Algorithm}},
  author = {Pan, Jiapu and Tompkins, Willis J.},
  journal = {Biomedical Engineering, IEEE Transactions on},
  year = {1985},
  number = {3},
  pages = {230--236},
  volume = {BME-32},
  doi = {10.1109/TBME.1985.325532},
  editor = {Tompkins, Willis J.},
  issn = {0018-9294},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2008.01.30}
}
@misc{NInFEADataset,
  doi = {10.13026/C4N5-3B04},
  url = {https://physionet.org/content/ninfea/1.0.0/},
  author = {Pani,  Danilo and Sulas,  Eleonora and Urru,  Monica and Sameni,  Reza and Raffo,  Luigi and Tumbarello,  Roberto},
  title = {{NInFEA: Non-Invasive Multimodal Foetal ECG-Doppler Dataset for Antenatal Cardiology Research}},
  publisher = {PhysioNet},
  year = {2020}
}
@inproceedings{Pani2008,
  title = {A DSP algorithm and system for real-time fetal ECG extraction},
  author = {Pani, D. and Argiolas, S. and Raffo, L.},
  booktitle = {Computers in Cardiology, 2008},
  year = {2008},
  month = {sept.},
  pages = {1065 -1068},
  abstract = {Fetal ECG (FECG) extraction from maternal abdominal potential recordings is a task of paramount importance for pediatric cardiologists, but there is a lack of established solutions for it. In this paper the real-time implementation of a block-on-line independent component analysis (ICA) algorithm for FECG extraction is presented and evaluated over real long lasting recordings. The problem of the signals permutation, typical of ICA algorithms and particularly severe for block-on-line ones, is analyzed in detail. The comparison with batch approaches applied to different segments of the signals demonstrates the quality of the proposed solution. The performances of the real-time implementation enable further developments of the system to automatically provide other interesting clinical parameters.},
  doi = {10.1109/CIC.2008.4749229},
  issn = {0276-6547},
  keywords = {DSP algorithm;ICA algorithm;block-on-line independent component analysis;maternal abdominal potential recording;pediatric cardiologist;real-time fetal ECG extraction;signal permutation;signal segmentation;digital signal processing chips;electrocardiography;feature extraction;independent component analysis;medical signal processing;obstetrics;paediatrics;},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2012.10.22}
}
@book{Pap91,
  title = {{Probability, random variables, and stochastic processes}},
  author = {A. Papoulis},
  publisher = {McGraw-Hill},
  year = {1991},
  edition = {Third}
}
@book{Papoulis1977,
  title = {Signal analysis},
  author = {Papoulis, A.},
  publisher = {McGraw-Hill},
  year = {1977},
  series = {McGraw-Hill electrical and electronic engineering series},
  isbn = {9780070484603},
  lccn = {76054353},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2014.07.13}
}
@book{Pap2002,
  title = {{Probability, random variables, and stochastic processes}},
  author = {Athanasios Papoulis and S. Unnikrishana Pillai},
  publisher = {McGraw-Hill},
  year = {2002},
  edition = {Fourth}
}
@book{Parhami2009,
  title = {Computer arithmetic: algorithms and hardware designs},
  author = {Parhami, B.},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {2009},
  series = {The Oxford Series in Electrical and Computer Engineering Series},
  isbn = {9780195328486},
  lccn = {2009034155},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2014.06.25}
}
@article{Park92,
  title = {{On detecting the presence of fetal R-wave using the moving averaged magnitude difference algorithm}},
  author = {Park, Y.C. and Lee, K.Y. and Youn, D.H. and Kim, N.H. and Kim, W.K. and Park, S.H.},
  journal = {Biomedical Engineering, IEEE Transactions on},
  year = {1992},
  month = {August},
  number = {8},
  pages = {868-871},
  volume = {39},
  doi = {10.1109/10.148396},
  issn = {0018-9294},
  keywords = {electrocardiography, signal processingexponential averaging, fetal ECG signal, fetal QRS complex, fetal R-wave, moving averaged magnitude difference algorithm, slowly varying signal shape, template signal}
}
@article{Parra2003,
  title = {{Blind Source Separation via Generalized Eigenvalue Decomposition}},
  author = {L. Parra and P. Sajda},
  journal = {{Journal of Machine Learning Research}},
  year = {2003},
  pages = {1261--1269},
  volume = {4},
  no = {4}
}
@article{Peleg1991,
  author = {Peleg, Shimon and Porat, Boaz},
  journal = {IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing},
  title = {The Cramer-Rao lower bound for signals with constant amplitude and polynomial phase},
  year = {1991},
  number = {3},
  pages = {749--752},
  volume = {39},
  groups = {[sameni:]},
  owner = {sameni},
  publisher = {IEEE},
  timestamp = {2016.10.01}
}
@article{Pelliccia87,
  title = {{Idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy: T/R ratio as an ECG index of ventricular volume and function}},
  author = {F. Pelliccia and M. Ciavolella and A. Gaspardone and F. Tomai and F. Romeo and A. Nigri and P. A. Gioffr\'e and Reale A},
  journal = {{Cardiologia}},
  year = {1987},
  month = {March},
  number = {3},
  pages = {281--286},
  volume = {32},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2011.04.24}
}
@article{Peters2001,
  title = {{Monitoring the fetal heart non-invasively: a review of methods}},
  author = {Maria Peters and John Crowe and Jean-Francois Pi\'eri and Hendrik Quartero and Barrie Hayes-Gill and David James and Jeroen Stinstra and Simon Shakespeare},
  journal = {J. Perinat. Med.},
  year = {2001},
  pages = {408--416},
  volume = {29},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2008.05.02}
}
@article{Pham1997,
  title = {Blind separation of mixture of independent sources through a quasi-maximum likelihood approach},
  author = {Pham, Dinh Tuan and Garat, P.},
  journal = {{IEEE} Trans. Signal Processing},
  year = {1997},
  number = {7},
  pages = {1712--1725},
  volume = {45},
  doi = {10.1109/78.599941},
  issn = {1053-587X},
  keywords = {correlation methods, filtering theory, matrix algebra, maximum likelihood estimation, probability, signal processing, spectral analysis, blind separation, correlated sources, experiments, independent sources mixture, linear separating filters, maximum likelihood solution, nonlinear separating functions, numerical results, performance, probability distribution, quasimaximum likelihood approach, simulation results, simultaneous diagonalization, spectral analysis, symmetric matrices, temporally independent nonGaussian sources},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2008.07.23}
}
@article{PhamCardoso2001,
  author = {Dinh-Tuan Pham and Cardoso, J.-F.},
  journal = {Signal Processing, IEEE Transactions on [see also Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, IEEE Transactions on]},
  title = {Blind separation of instantaneous mixtures of nonstationary sources},
  year = {Sep 2001},
  issn = {1053-587X},
  number = {9},
  pages = {1837--1848},
  volume = {49},
  abstract = {Most source separation algorithms are based on a model of stationary sources. However, it is a simple matter to take advantage of possible nonstationarities of the sources to achieve separation. This paper develops novel approaches in this direction based on the principles of maximum likelihood and minimum mutual information. These principles are exploited by efficient algorithms in both the off-line case (via a new joint diagonalization procedure) and in the on-line case (via a Newton-like procedure). Some experiments showing the good performance of our algorithms and evidencing an interesting feature of our methods are presented: their ability to achieve a kind of super-efficiency. The paper concludes with a discussion contrasting separating methods for non-Gaussian and nonstationary models and emphasizing that, as a matter of fact, ?what makes the algorithms work? is-strictly speaking-not the nonstationarity itself but rather the property that each realization of the source signals has a time-varying envelope},
  doi = {10.1109/78.942614},
  keywords = {maximum likelihood estimation, signal processing, time-varying systemsNewton-like procedure, blind separation, instantaneous mixtures, joint diagonalization procedure, maximum likelihood, minimum mutual information, nonGaussian models, nonstationary models, nonstationary sources, off-line case, on-line case, performance, source separation algorithms, super-efficiency, time-varying envelope}
}
@manual{MIT-BIH5,
  title = {MIT-BIH Arrhythmia Database},
  author = {PhysioNet},
  organization = {National Institutes of Health},
  url = {http://www.physionet.org/physiobank/database/mitdb/}
}
@manual{PhysioNeta,
  title = {{Non-invasive Fetal ECG Database}},
  author = {PhysioNet},
  organization = {National Institutes of Health},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2016.10.01},
  url = {http://physionet.org/physiobank/database/nifecgdb/}
}
@manual{PhysioNetc,
  title = {{Abdominal and Direct Fetal Electrocardiogram Database}},
  author = {PhysioNet},
  organization = {National Institutes of Health},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2016.10.01},
  url = {https://physionet.org/physiobank/database/adfecgdb/}
}
@manual{MIT-BIH4,
  title = {{MIT-BIH Polysomnographic Database}},
  author = {PhysioNet},
  organization = {National Institutes of Health},
  year = {1999},
  url = {http://www.physionet.org/physiobank/database/slpdb/}
}
@article{picinbono1997instantaneous,
  title = {On instantaneous amplitude and phase of signals},
  author = {Picinbono, Bernard},
  journal = {Signal Processing, IEEE Transactions on},
  year = {1997},
  number = {3},
  pages = {552--560},
  volume = {45},
  publisher = {IEEE}
}
@article{Picton2001,
  author = {Picton, Terence W and Dimitrijevic, Andrew and John, M Sasha and Van Roon, Patricia},
  journal = {Clinical Neurophysiology},
  title = {The use of phase in the detection of auditory steady-state responses},
  year = {2001},
  number = {9},
  pages = {1698--1711},
  volume = {112},
  groups = {[sameni:]},
  owner = {sameni},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  timestamp = {2016.10.01}
}
@book{Pikovsky2003,
  author = {Pikovsky, Arkady and Rosenblum, Michael and Kurths, J{\"u}rgen},
  publisher = {Cambridge university press},
  title = {Synchronization: a universal concept in nonlinear sciences},
  year = {2003},
  volume = {12},
  groups = {[sameni:]},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2016.10.01}
}
@article{Pinciroli1985,
  title = {Detection of electrical axis variation for the extraction of respiratory information},
  author = {Pinciroli, F and Rossi, R and Vergani, L},
  journal = {Computers in Cardiology},
  year = {1985},
  pages = {499--502},
  volume = {12},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2016.10.01}
}
@article{JPolich1995,
  title = {{Cognitive and biological determinants of P300: An integrative review}},
  author = {J. Polich and A. Kok},
  journal = {Biol. Psychol},
  year = {1995},
  number = {2},
  pages = {103--146},
  volume = {41},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2012.10.22}
}
@inproceedings{PCB98,
  title = {{High Resolution ECG Filtering Using Adaptive Bayesian Wavelet Shrinkage}},
  author = {M. Popescu and P. Cristea and A. Bezerianos},
  booktitle = {Proc. Computers in Cardiology 1998 Conference},
  year = {1998},
  address = {Cleveland, Ohio, USA},
  month = {September 13-16},
  pages = {401-404},
  vol = {25}
}
@article{Porcaro2006,
  title = {Fetal auditory responses to external sounds and mother's heart beat : Detection improved by Independent Component Analysis},
  author = {C. Porcaro and F. Zappasodi and G. Barbati and C. Salustri and V. Pizzella and P. M. Rossini and F. Tecchio},
  journal = {{Brain Research}},
  year = {2006},
  pages = {51 - 58},
  volume = {1101},
  no = {1},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2012.10.22}
}
@techreport{ACOG09,
  title = {Intrapartum Fetal Heart Rate Monitoring: Nomenclature, Interpretation, and General Management Principles},
  author = {Practice, Bulletin, A. C. O. G.},
  institution = {American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists},
  year = {2009},
  number = {109}
}
@book{Press92,
  title = {{Numerical Recipes in C: The Art of Scientific Computing}},
  author = {William H. Press and Saul A. Teukolsky and William T. Vetterling},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1992},
  edition = {2nd},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2008.01.30}
}
@article{R.W.Thatcher2008a,
  author = {R. W. Thatcher, D. North, C. Biver},
  journal = {Human Brain Mapping},
  title = {Development of cortical connectivity as measured by EEG coherence and phase},
  year = {2008},
  pages = {1400-1415},
  volume = {29},
  groups = {[sameni:]},
  owner = {aras},
  timestamp = {2016.07.16}
}
@article{R.W.Thatcher2008,
  author = {R.W. Thatcher, D. North, C. Biver},
  journal = {Neuroimage},
  title = {Intelligence and EEG phase reset: A two compartmental model of phase shift and lock},
  year = {2008},
  pages = {1639-1653},
  volume = {42},
  groups = {[sameni:]},
  owner = {aras},
  timestamp = {2016.07.16}
}
@article{raemer1961probability,
  title = {The probability density of the phase difference of a narrow-band Gaussian noise with sinusoidal signal (Corresp.)},
  author = {Raemer, H and Blyth, R},
  journal = {IRE Transactions on Information Theory},
  year = {1961},
  number = {4},
  pages = {265--267},
  volume = {7},
  publisher = {IEEE}
}
@mastersthesis{RahbaralamMS2017,
  title = {{Evaluation of Instantaneous Frequency Estimation Techniques with Application in Electroencephalogram Analysis}},
  author = {Mahdi Rahbaralam},
  school = {Biomedical Engineering, School of Electrical \& Computer Engineering, Shiraz University},
  year = {2017},
  month = {5},
  note = {Supervised by: Dr. Reza Sameni}
}
@article{RahbarAlam2020,
  author = {Rahbar Alam, Mahdi and Sameni, Reza},
  title = {Automatic Wake-Sleep Stages Classification using Electroencephalogram Instantaneous Frequency and Envelope Tracking},
  elocation-id = {2020.05.13.092841},
  year = {2020},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.13.092841},
  publisher = {Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory},
  abstract = {Background The study of cerebral activity during sleep using the electroencephalograph (EEG) is a major research field in neuroscience. Despite the rich literature in this field, the automatic and accurate categorization of wake-sleep stages remains an open problem.New Method A robust model-based Kalman filtering scheme is proposed for tracking the poles of a second order time-varying autoregressive model fitted over the EEG acquired during different wake/sleep stages. The pole angle/phase is regarded as the dominant frequency of the EEG spectrum (known as the instantaneous frequency in literature). The frequency resolution is improved by splitting the wide frequency band to subbands corresponding to well-known brain rhythms. Using recent findings in field of EEG phase/frequency tracking, the instantaneous envelope of the narrow-band signal{\textquoteright}s analytic form is also tracked as a complementary feature.Results The minimal set of instantaneous frequency and envelope features is employed in three classification schemes, using training labels from R\&k and AASM sleep scoring standards. The LDA classifier resulted in the highest performance using the proposed feature set.Comparison with Existing Methods The proposed method resulted in a higher mean decoding accuracy and a lower standard deviation on the entire dataset, as compared with state-of-the-art techniques.Conclusions The accurate tracking of the instantaneous frequency and envelope are highly informative for sleep stage scoring. The proposed method is shown to have additional applications, including the prediction of wake-sleep transition, which can be used for drowsiness detection from the EEG.Competing Interest StatementThe authors have declared no competing interest.},
  journal = {bioRxiv}
}
@article{KazemnejadGordanySameni2021,
  author = {Kazemnejad, Arsalan and Gordany, Peiman and Sameni, Reza},
  title = {An Open-Access Simultaneous Electrocardiogram and Phonocardiogram Database},
  elocation-id = {2021.05.17.444563},
  year = {2021},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.05.17.444563},
  publisher = {Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory},
  journal = {bioRxiv}
}
@article{Rajapakse1998,
  title = {Modeling hemodynamic response for analysis of functional MRI time-series},
  author = {Rajapakse, Jagath C. and Kruggel, Frithjof and Maisog, Jose M. and Yves von Cramon, D.},
  journal = {Human Brain Mapping},
  year = {1998},
  number = {4},
  pages = {283--300},
  volume = {6},
  abstract = {Abstract The standard Gaussian function is proposed for the hemodynamic modulation function (HDMF) of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) time-series. Unlike previously proposed parametric models, the Gaussian model accounts independently for the delay and dispersion of the hemodynamic responses and provides a more flexible and mathematically convenient model. A suboptimal noniterative scheme to estimate the hemodynamic parameters is presented. The ability of the Gaussian function to represent the HDMF of brain activation is compared with Poisson and Gamma models. The proposed model seems valid because the lag and dispersion values of hemodynamic responses rendered by the Gaussian model are in the ranges of their previously reported values in recent optical and fMR imaging studies.An extension of multiple regression analysis to incorporate the HDMF is presented. The detected activity patterns exhibit improvements with hemodynamic correction. The proposed model and efficient parameter estimation scheme facilitated the investigation of variability of hemodynamic parameters of human brain activation. The hemodynamic parameters estimated over different brain regions and across different stimuli showed significant differences. Measurement of hemodynamic parameters over the brain during sensory or cognitive stimulation may reveal vital information on physiological events accompanying neuronal activation and functional variability of the human brain, and should lead to the investigation of more accurate and complex models. Hum. Brain Mapping 6:283�300, 1998. � 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.},
  issn = {1097-0193},
  keywords = {brain imaging, blood-oxygen-level-dependent contrast, functional magnetic resonance imaging, hemodynamic response function, multiple regression},
  publisher = {John Wiley \& Sons, Inc.}
}
@inproceedings{RaoJones1999,
  title = {A denoising approach to multichannel signal estimation},
  author = {A. M. Rao and D. L. Jones},
  booktitle = {{Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 1999. on 1999 IEEE International Conference}},
  year = {1999},
  pages = {2869--2872},
  volume = {05},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2009.02.14}
}
@article{Ravier2007,
  title = {Redefining Performance Evaluation Tools for Real-Time QRS Complex Classification Systems},
  author = {Ravier, P. and Leclerc, F. and Dumez-Viou, C. and Lamarque, G.},
  journal = {Biomedical Engineering, IEEE Transactions on},
  year = {2007},
  month = sept.,
  number = {9},
  pages = {1706 -1710},
  volume = {54},
  doi = {10.1109/TBME.2007.902594},
  issn = {0018-9294},
  keywords = {QRS complex waveforms;heartbeat classification procedure;heartbeat extraction function;neural-network classifier;performance evaluation tools;real-time QRS complex classification systems;electrocardiography;medical signal detection;neural nets;Algorithms;Arrhythmias, Cardiac;Artificial Intelligence;Computer Systems;Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted;Electrocardiography;Heart Rate;Humans;Pattern Recognition, Automated;Sensitivity and Specificity;Software;}
}
@mastersthesis{FatemehRazavipourMS2013,
  title = {{Fetal Magnetoencephalogram Extraction and Phase Analysis of the Electroencephalogram}},
  author = {Fatemeh Razavipour},
  school = {Artificial Intelligence, School of Electrical \& Computer Engineering, Shiraz University},
  year = {2012},
  month = {3},
  note = {Supervised by: Dr. Reza Sameni}
}
@inproceedings{RazavipourCINC2013,
  title = {{Fetal QRS Complex Detection using Semi-Blind Source Separation Framework}},
  author = {Fatemeh Razavipour and Masoumeh Haghpanahi and Reza Sameni},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 40th Annual International Conference on Computers in Cardiology},
  year = {2013},
  address = {Zaragoza, Spain},
  month = {September 22-25},
  pages = {181--184},
  vol = {40}
}
@article{RazavipourSameni2015,
  title = {{A Study of Event Related Potential Frequency Domain Coherency using Multichannel Electroencephalogram Subspace Analysis}},
  author = {Fatemeh Razavipour and Reza Sameni},
  journal = {Journal of Neuroscience Methods},
  year = {2015},
  month = {July},
  pages = {22--28},
  volume = {249},
  owner = {sameni},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jneumeth.2015.03.037}
}
@article{Razavipour2013,
  title = {{A General Framework for Extracting Fetal Magnetoencephalogram and Audio-Evoked Responses}},
  author = {Fatemeh Razavipour and Reza Sameni},
  journal = {Journal of Neuroscience Methods},
  year = {2013},
  month = {January},
  number = {2},
  pages = {283--296},
  volume = {212},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2013.01.15},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jneumeth.2012.10.021}
}
@article{Reif99,
  title = {{Stochastic stability of the discrete-time extended Kalman filter}},
  author = {K. Reif and S. Gunther and E. Yaz and R. Unbehauen},
  journal = {{IEEE} Trans. Automat. Contr.},
  year = {1999},
  number = {4},
  pages = {714--728},
  volume = {44}
}
@article{rice1948statistical,
  title = {Statistical properties of a sine wave plus random noise},
  author = {Rice, Steven O},
  journal = {Bell System Technical Journal},
  year = {1948},
  number = {1},
  pages = {109--157},
  volume = {27},
  publisher = {Wiley Online Library}
}
@book{richards2005fundamentals,
  title = {Fundamentals of radar signal processing},
  author = {Richards, Mark A},
  publisher = {Tata McGraw-Hill Education},
  year = {2005}
}
@article{RSK98,
  title = {{Fetal ECG Extraction with Nonlinear State-Space Projections}},
  author = {M. Richter and T. Schreiber and D. T. Kaplan},
  journal = {Biomedical Engineering, IEEE Transactions on},
  year = {1998},
  month = {January},
  number = {1},
  pages = {133-137},
  volume = {45},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2008.04.30}
}
@book{Rideout1991,
  title = {Mathematical and Computer Modeling of Physiological Systems},
  author = {Vincent C. Rideout},
  publisher = {Prentice Hall},
  year = {1991},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2012.12.18}
}
@article{Riera06,
  title = {A theoretical formulation of the electrophysiological inverse problem on the sphere},
  author = {J. J. Riera and P. A. Valdes and K. Tanabe and R. Kawashima},
  journal = {Physics in Medicine and Biology},
  year = {2006},
  number = {7},
  pages = {1737-1758},
  volume = {51},
  abstract = {The construction of three-dimensional images of the primary current density (PCD) produced by neuronal activity is a problem of great current interest in the neuroimaging community, though being initially formulated in the 1970s. There exist even now enthusiastic debates about the authenticity of most of the inverse solutions proposed in the literature, in which low resolution electrical tomography (LORETA) is a focus of attention. However, in our opinion, the capabilities and limitations of the electro and magneto encephalographic techniques to determine PCD configurations have not been extensively explored from a theoretical framework, even for simple volume conductor models of the head. In this paper, the electrophysiological inverse problem for the spherical head model is cast in terms of reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces (RKHS) formalism, which allows us to identify the null spaces of the implicated linear integral operators and also to define their representers. The PCD are described in terms of a continuous basis for the RKHS, which explicitly separates the harmonic and non-harmonic components. The RKHS concept permits us to bring LORETA into the scope of the general smoothing splines theory. A particular way of calculating the general smoothing splines is illustrated, avoiding a brute force discretization prematurely. The Bayes information criterion is used to handle dissimilarities in the signal/noise ratios and physical dimensions of the measurement modalities, which could affect the estimation of the amount of smoothness required for that class of inverse solution to be well specified. In order to validate the proposed method, we have estimated the 3D spherical smoothing splines from two data sets: electric potentials obtained from a skull phantom and magnetic fields recorded from subjects performing an experiment of human faces recognition.},
  url = {http://stacks.iop.org/0031-9155/51/1737}
}
@article{Rizzuto2003,
  author = {D. S. Rizzuto and J. R. Madsen and E. B. Bromfield and A. Schultz-Bonhage and D. Seelig, R. Aschenbrenner-Scheibe and M. J. Kahana},
  journal = {Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci},
  title = {Reset of human neocortical oscillations during a working memory task},
  year = {2003},
  pages = {7931-7936},
  volume = {100},
  groups = {[sameni:]},
  owner = {aras},
  timestamp = {2016.07.16}
}
@article{RJ.Ilmoniemi1997,
  author = {RJ.Ilmoniemi and MA.Uusitalo},
  journal = {{IEEE Trans Biomed Eng}},
  title = {Signal-space projection method for separating MEG or EEG into components},
  year = {1997},
  pages = {135-140},
  volume = {35},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2012.10.22}
}
@inbook{Robinson2002,
  title = {Biomag 2002},
  author = {S. E. Robinson and J. Vrba and J. McCubbin},
  chapter = {{Separating fetal MEG signals from the noise}},
  editor = {Nowak H, et al.},
  pages = {665-667 pp},
  publisher = {Berlin: VDE Verlag Gmbh},
  year = {2002},
  booktitle = {{in Biomag.}},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2012.10.22}
}
@article{Robinson2002a,
  title = {{Separating fetal MEG signals from the noise}},
  author = {S. E. Robinson and J. Vrba and J. McCubbin},
  journal = {Biomag},
  year = {2002},
  pages = {665--667},
  booktitle = {{in Biomag.}},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2012.10.22}
}
@article{ROCHE1965,
  title = {{The fetal electrocardiogram. V. Comparison of lead systems}},
  author = {J. B. Roche and E. H. Hon},
  journal = {Am J Obstet Gynecol},
  year = {1965},
  month = {Aug},
  pages = {1149--1159},
  volume = {92},
  keywords = {Abdominal Wall; Amniotic Fluid; Body Weight; Electrocardiography; Extraembryonic Membranes; Fetal Heart; Infant, Newborn; Labor Presentation; Placenta; Pregnancy; Umbilical Cord},
  owner = {sameni},
  pmid = {14337039},
  timestamp = {2008.05.09}
}
@article{RomeMB08,
  title = {{A comparative study of automatic techniques for ocular artifact reduction in spontaneous {EEG} signals based on clinical target variables: A simulation case}},
  author = {Sergio Romero and Miguel A Ma\~{n}anas and Manel J Barbanoj},
  journal = {Comput. Biol. Med.},
  year = {2008},
  month = {Jan},
  number = {3},
  pages = {348--60},
  volume = {38},
  abstract = {Eye movement artifacts represent a critical issue for quantitative electroencephalography ({EEG}) analysis and a number of mathematical approaches have been proposed to reduce their contribution in {EEG} recordings. The aim of this paper was to objectively and quantitatively evaluate the performance of ocular filtering methods with respect to spectral target variables widely used in clinical and functional {EEG} studies. In particular the following methods were applied: regression analysis and some blind source separation (BSS) techniques based on second-order statistics (PCA, AMUSE and SOBI) and on higher-order statistics (JADE, INFOMAX and FASTICA). Considering blind source decomposition methods, a completely automatic procedure of BSS based on logical rules related to spectral and topographical information was proposed in order to identify the components related to ocular interference. The automatic procedure was applied in different montages of simulated {EEG} and electrooculography (EOG) recordings: a full montage with 19 {EEG} and 2 EOG channels, a reduced one with only 6 {EEG} leads and a third one where EOG channels were not available. Time and frequency results in all of them indicated that AMUSE and SOBI algorithms preserved and recovered more brain activity than the other methods mainly at anterior regions. In the case of full montage: (i) errors were lower than 5\% for all spectral variables at anterior sites; and (ii) the highest improvement in the signal-to-artifact (SAR) ratio was obtained up to 40dB at these anterior sites. Finally, we concluded that second-order BSS-based algorithms (AMUSE and SOBI) provided an effective technique for eye movement removal even when EOG recordings were not available or when data length was short.},
  doi = {10.1016/j.compbiomed.2007.12.001},
  file = {RomeMB08.pdf:RomeMB08.pdf:PDF},
  institution = {Department of Automatic Control (ESAII), Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Technical University of Catalonia (UPC), 08028 Barcelona, Spain.},
  owner = {Cedric Gouy-Pailler},
  pii = {S0010-4825(07)00185-0},
  pmid = {18222418},
  timestamp = {2008.02.03},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compbiomed.2007.12.001}
}
@inproceedings{Rooijakkers2014,
  title = {{Fetal movement detection based on QRS amplitude variations in abdominal ECG recordings}},
  author = {Rooijakkers, MJ and de Lau, H and Rabotti, C and Oei, SG and Bergmans, JWM and Mischi, Massimo},
  booktitle = {Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC), 2014 36th Annual International Conference of the IEEE},
  year = {2014},
  organization = {IEEE},
  pages = {1452--1455},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2016.10.01}
}
@article{Rooijakkers2015,
  title = {{Feasibility study of a new method for low-complexity fetal movement detection from abdominal ECG recordings}},
  author = {Rooijakkers, Michiel and Rabotti, Chiara and de Lau, Hinke and Oei, S and Bergmans, Jan and Mischi, Massimo},
  journal = {IEEE Journal of Biomedical Health Informatics},
  year = {2015},
  note = {[In press]},
  number = {nn},
  pages = {pp},
  volume = {99},
  doi = {10.1109/JBHI.2015.2452266},
  owner = {sameni},
  publisher = {IEEE},
  timestamp = {2016.10.01}
}
@article{Kheirati20131453,
  author = {Ebadollah Kheirati Roonizi and Reza Sameni},
  journal = {Computers in Biology and Medicine},
  title = {Morphological modeling of cardiac signals based on signal decomposition},
  year = {2013},
  issn = {0010-4825},
  month = {October},
  number = {10},
  pages = {1453--1461},
  volume = {43},
  abstract = {Abstract In this paper a general framework is presented for morphological modeling of cardiac signals from a signal decomposition perspective. General properties of a desired morphological model are presented and special cases of the model are studied in detail. The presented approach is studied for modeling the morphology of electrocardiogram (ECG) signals. Specifically, three types of \{ECG\} modeling techniques, including polynomial spline models, sinusoidal model and a model previously presented by McSharry et al., are studied within this framework. The proposed method is applied to datasets from the PhysioNet \{ECG\} database for compression and modeling of normal and abnormal \{ECG\} signals. Quantitative and qualitative results of these applications are also presented and discussed.},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compbiomed.2013.06.017}
}
@article{Rosen84,
  title = {The relationship between circulating catecholamines and ST waveform in the fetal lamb electrocardiogram during hypoxia 3},
  author = {Rosen, KG and Dagbjartsson, A and Henriksson, BA and Lagercrantz, H and Kjellmer, I},
  journal = {Am J Obstet Gynecol},
  year = {1984},
  pages = {190-195},
  volume = {149},
  pubmedid = {6720798}
}
@article{Rosenblum1996,
  author = {Rosenblum, Michael G and Pikovsky, Arkady S and Kurths, J{\"u}rgen},
  journal = {Physical review letters},
  title = {Phase synchronization of chaotic oscillators},
  year = {1996},
  number = {11},
  pages = {1804},
  volume = {76},
  groups = {[sameni:]},
  owner = {sameni},
  publisher = {APS},
  timestamp = {2016.10.01}
}
@article{Routray2002,
  title = {A novel Kalman filter for frequency estimation of distorted signals in power systems},
  author = {Routray, A. and Pradhan, A.K. and Rao, K.P.},
  journal = {Instrumentation and Measurement, IEEE Transactions on},
  year = {2002},
  month = {jun},
  number = {3},
  pages = {469 -479},
  volume = {51},
  doi = {10.1109/TIM.2002.1017717},
  issn = {0018-9456},
  keywords = {distorted signals;extended Kalman filter;filter stability;frequency estimation;harmonics;measurement uncertainty;noisy conditions;nonlinear filter;power system frequency;power system measurement;real-time applications;Kalman filters;electric distortion;filtering theory;frequency estimation;frequency measurement;measurement uncertainty;nonlinear filters;power system harmonics;power system measurement;stability;}
}
@article{Soernmo1998,
  title = {Vectorcardiographic loop alignment and morphologic beat-to-beat variability},
  author = {S{\"o}rnmo, Leif},
  journal = {Biomedical Engineering, IEEE Transactions on},
  year = {1998},
  number = {12},
  pages = {1401--1413},
  volume = {45},
  owner = {sameni},
  publisher = {IEEE},
  timestamp = {2016.10.01}
}
@manual{Sar04,
  title = {{Exploratory source separation in biomedical systems}},
  author = {J. {S\"{a}rel\"{a}}},
  month = {October},
  note = {{PhD Thesis, Helsinki University of Technology}},
  year = {2004},
  url = {http://lib.tkk.fi/Diss/2004/isbn9512273438/}
}
@article{SV03,
  title = {{Overlearning in marginal distribution-based ICA: analysis and solutions}},
  author = {J. {S\"{a}rel\"{a}} and R. {Vig\'{a}rio}},
  journal = {Journal of machine learning research},
  year = {2003},
  pages = {1447--1469},
  volume = {4},
  url = {http://jmlr.csail.mit.edu/papers/volume4/sarela03a/sarela03a.pdf}
}
@unpublished{SV03b,
  author = {J. {S\"{a}rel\"{a}} and R. {Vig\'{a}rio}},
  note = {{Technical Report, Helsinki University of Technology}},
  title = {{A bayesian approach to overlearning in ICA: a comparison study}},
  year = {2003},
  url = {www.cis.hut.fi/jaakkos/papers/techrepA70.pdf}
}
@inproceedings{Sadasivan2014,
  title = {An optimum shrinkage estimator based on minimum-probability-of-error criterion and application to signal denoising},
  author = {Sadasivan, J. and Mukherjee, S. and Seelamantula, C.S.},
  booktitle = {Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP), 2014 IEEE International Conference on},
  year = {2014},
  month = {May},
  pages = {4249-4253},
  abstract = {We address the problem of designing an optimal pointwise shrinkage estimator in the transform domain, based on the minimum probability of error (MPE) criterion. We assume an additive model for the noise corrupting the clean signal. The proposed formulation is general in the sense that it can handle various noise distributions. We consider various noise distributions (Gaussian, Student's-t, and Laplacian) and compare the denoising performance of the estimator obtained with the mean-squared error (MSE)-based estimators. The MSE optimization is carried out using an unbiased estimator of the MSE, namely Stein's Unbiased Risk Estimate (SURE). Experimental results show that the MPE estimator outperforms the SURE estimator in terms of SNR of the denoised output, for low (0-10 dB) and medium values (10-20 dB) of the input SNR.},
  doi = {10.1109/ICASSP.2014.6854403},
  keywords = {Gaussian noise;error statistics;mean square error methods;signal denoising;SURE;Stein unbiased risk estimate;additive model;mean squared error based estimators;minimum-probability-of-error criterion;noise distributions;optimal pointwise shrinkage estimator;signal denoising;Electrocardiography;Indexes;Laplace equations;Noise measurement;Noise reduction;Signal to noise ratio;Risk estimator;Stein's unbiased risk estimation;minimum probability of error;shrinkage function}
}
@mastersthesis{ZahraSadeghianMS2015,
  title = {{Analysis and Prediction of Economic Indexes using Signal Processing Techniques}},
  author = {Zahra Sadeghian},
  school = {Artificial Intelligence, School of Electrical \& Computer Engineering, Shiraz University},
  year = {2015},
  month = {10},
  note = {Supervised by: Dr. Reza Sameni}
}
@article{Sadovsky1984,
  title = {The relationship between fetal heart rate accelerations, fetal movements, and uterine contractions},
  author = {Sadovsky, E and Rabinowitz, R and Freeman, A and Yarkoni, S},
  journal = {American journal of obstetrics and gynecology},
  year = {1984},
  number = {2},
  pages = {187--189},
  volume = {149},
  owner = {sameni},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  timestamp = {2016.10.01}
}
@article{Sakkalis2011,
  author = {Sakkalis, Vangelis},
  journal = {Computers in biology and medicine},
  title = {Review of advanced techniques for the estimation of brain connectivity measured with EEG/MEG},
  year = {2011},
  number = {12},
  pages = {1110--1117},
  volume = {41},
  groups = {[sameni:]},
  owner = {sameni},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  timestamp = {2016.10.01}
}
@manual{OSET3.14,
  title = {{The Open-Source Electrophysiological Toolbox (OSET), version 3.14}},
  author = {Reza Sameni},
  year = {2018},
  url = {http://www.oset.ir}
}
@article{SameniOnlineFiltering2016,
  title = {Online filtering using piecewise smoothness priors: Application to normal and abnormal electrocardiogram denoising},
  author = {Reza Sameni},
  journal = {Signal Processing},
  year = {2017},
  month = {April},
  number = {4},
  pages = {52 - 63},
  volume = {133},
  abstract = {Abstract In this work, a block-wise extension of Tikhonov regularization is proposed for denoising smooth signals contaminated by wide-band noise. The proposed method is derived from a constrained least squares problem in two forms: 1) a block-wise fixed-lag smoother with smooth inter-block transitions applied in matrix form, and 2) a fixed-interval smoother applied as a forward-backward zero-phase filter. The filter response is maximally flat and monotonically decreasing, without any ripples in its pass-band. The method is also extended to smoothness of multiple smoothness orders, and its relationship with Lipschitz regularity and block-wise Wiener smoothing is also studied. The denoising of normal and abnormal electrocardiogram (ECG) signals in different stationary and non-stationary noise levels is studied as case study. While most ECG denoising techniques benefit from the pseudo-periodicity of the ECG, the developed technique is merely based on the smoothness assumption, which makes it a powerful method for both normal and abnormal ECG. The performance of the method is assessed by Monte-Carlo simulations over three standard normal and abnormal ECG databases of different sampling rates, in comparison with bandpass filtering, wavelet denoising with various parameters, and Savitzky-Golay filters using Stein's unbiased risk estimate shrinkage scheme.},
  issn = {0165-1684},
  keywords = {Tikhonov regularization, Forward-backward filtering, Electrocardiogram filtering, Wavelet denoising, Lipschitz regularity, Wiener smoothing},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sigpro.2016.10.019}
}
@unpublished{sameni:hal-01382035,
  title = {{Spatio-Temporal Source Separation using Temporal Priors with Parameterized Uncertainties}},
  author = {Sameni, Reza},
  note = {working paper or preprint},
  month = oct,
  year = {2016},
  file = {Paper.pdf:https\://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01382035/file/Paper.pdf:PDF},
  hal_id = {hal-01382035},
  hal_version = {v1},
  url = {https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01382035}
}
@unpublished{sameni:hal-01382076,
  title = {{Towards Distributed Component Analysis}},
  author = {Sameni, Reza},
  note = {working paper or preprint},
  month = oct,
  year = {2015},
  file = {paper.pdf:https\://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01382076/file/paper.pdf:PDF},
  hal_id = {hal-01382076},
  hal_version = {v1},
  url = {https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01382076}
}
@manual{SameniResearchPool,
  title = {My Open-Research Pool},
  author = {Reza Sameni},
  year = {2015},
  url = {http://home.cse.shirazu.ac.ir/~sameni/research.html}
}
@inproceedings{Sameni2012,
  title = {{A Linear Kalman Notch Filter for Power-Line Interference Cancellation}},
  author = {Reza Sameni},
  booktitle = {{Proceedings of the 16th CSI International Symposium on Artificial Intelligence and Signal Processing (AISP)}},
  year = {2012},
  address = {Shiraz, Iran},
  month = {2-3 May 2012},
  pages = {604--610},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2012.10.23},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1109/AISP.2012.6313817}
}
@inbook{Sameni2021,
  author = {Sameni, Reza},
  editor = {Pani, Danilo
and Rabotti, Chiara
and Signorini, Maria Gabriella
and Burattini, Laura},
  title = {Noninvasive Fetal Electrocardiography: Models, Technologies, and Algorithms},
  booktitle = {Innovative Technologies and Signal Processing in Perinatal Medicine: Volume 1},
  year = {2021},
  publisher = {Springer International Publishing},
  address = {Cham},
  pages = {99--146},
  abstract = {The fetal electrocardiogram (fECG) was first recorded from the maternal abdominal surface in the early 1900s. During the past 50 years, the most advanced electronics technologies and signal processing algorithms have been used to convert noninvasive fetal electrocardiography into a reliable technology for fetal cardiac monitoring. In this chapter, the major signal processing techniques, which have been developed for the modeling, extraction, and analysis of the fECG from noninvasive maternal abdominal recordings, are reviewed and compared with one another in detail. The major topics of the chapter include (1) the electrophysiology of the fECG from the signal processing viewpoint, (2) the mathematical model of the maternal volume conduction media and the waveform models of the fECG acquired from body surface leads, (3) the signal acquisition requirements, (4) model-based techniques for fECG noise and interference cancellation, including adaptive filters and semi-blind source separation techniques, and (5) recent algorithmic advances for fetal motion tracking and online fECG extraction from few number of channels.},
  isbn = {978-3-030-54403-4},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-54403-4\_5}
}
@manual{OSET2.1,
  title = {{The Open-Source Electrophysiological Toolbox (OSET), version 2.1}},
  author = {Reza Sameni},
  year = {2010},
  url = {http://www.oset.ir}
}
@manual{OSET,
  title = {{Open-Source ECG Toolbox (OSET)}},
  author = {R. Sameni},
  note = {2nd version},
  year = {2008},
  url = {http://ecg.sharif.ir/}
}
@phdthesis{Sameni2008,
  title = {{Extraction of Fetal Cardiac Signals from an Array of Maternal Abdominal Recordings}},
  author = {Reza Sameni},
  school = {Sharif University of Technology -- Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble},
  year = {2008},
  month = {July},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2008.05.08},
  url = {http://www.sameni.info/Publications/Thesis/PhDThesis.pdf}
}
@unpublished{Sameni2007d,
  title = {{Primary Results on Multichannel Fetal ECG Recordings}},
  author = {R. Sameni},
  note = {{Technical Report}},
  month = {June},
  year = {2007},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2012.10.22}
}
@unpublished{Sameni2007e,
  title = {{Multipole Expansion of Body Surface Potentials: An ICA Oriented Formulation (Part I)}},
  author = {R. Sameni},
  note = {{Technical Report}},
  month = {November},
  year = {2007},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2012.10.22}
}
@techreport{Sameni2006,
  title = {{Guidelines for writing efficient MATLAB codes}},
  author = {Reza Sameni},
  institution = {{Emory University}},
  year = {2020},
  url = {https://www.overleaf.com/read/dphnzzmnrjts},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2010.03.17}
}
@unpublished{Sameni2006d,
  title = {{Removing ECG Artifacts from EEG Recordings}},
  author = {R. Sameni},
  note = {{Technical Report}},
  month = {May},
  year = {2006},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2012.10.22}
}
@unpublished{Sameni2006e,
  title = {{Model-Based Multichannel ECG Filtering}},
  author = {R. Sameni},
  note = {{Technical Report}},
  month = {December},
  year = {2006},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2012.10.22}
}
@article{Tomassini2020,
  author = {Selene Tomassini and Agnese Sbrollini and Annachiara Strazza and Reza Sameni and Ilaria Marcantoni and Micaela Morettini and Laura Burattini},
  journal = {Biomedical Signal Processing and Control},
  title = {{AdvFPCG}-Delineator: Advanced delineator for fetal phonocardiography},
  year = {2020},
  month = {Aug},
  pages = {102021},
  volume = {61},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bspc.2020.102021},
  publisher = {Elsevier {BV}}
}
@unpublished{Sameni2006f,
  title = {{Primary Results on Multichannel Magnetocardiograms}},
  author = {R. Sameni},
  note = {{Technical Report}},
  month = {November},
  year = {2006},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2012.10.22}
}
@manual{Sameni2006g,
  title = {{Open Source ECG Toolbox (OSET)}},
  author = {R. Sameni},
  year = {2006},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2012.10.22},
  url = {http://ecg.sharif.ir/}
}
@techreport{Sameni2004,
  title = {{Discrimination of EEG Patterns during the Performance of Different Mental Activities}},
  author = {Reza Sameni},
  institution = {{Research Project Report, Sharif University of Technology}},
  year = {2004},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2010.03.17}
}
@techreport{SameniTermPaperDSPII,
  title = {{Analysis of Iterative Approaches of Interpolation-Distortion Compensation}},
  author = {R. Sameni},
  institution = {GIPSA-LAB, INP-Grenoble},
  year = {2004},
  month = {March},
  note = {{DSPII course term paper, Sharif University of Technology}}
}
@mastersthesis{Sameni2003,
  title = {{Discrimination of EEG Signals during the Performance of Different Mental Tasks}},
  author = {R. Sameni},
  school = {Sharif University of Technology},
  year = {2003},
  owner = {sameni},
  publisher = {M.Sc. dissertation, Sharif University of Technology},
  timestamp = {2012.10.22}
}
@techreport{Sameni2001,
  title = {{Design and Implementation of a Portable Hotwire Anemometer}},
  author = {Reza Sameni},
  institution = {{IROST}},
  year = {2001},
  month = {November},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2010.03.17}
}
@article{SameniClifford2010,
  title = {{A Review of Fetal ECG Signal Processing; Issues and Promising Directions}},
  author = {Reza Sameni and Gari D. Clifford},
  journal = {{The Open Pacing, Electrophysiology \& Therapy Journal (TOPETJ)}},
  year = {2010},
  month = {November},
  pages = {4--20},
  volume = {3},
  url = {10.2174/1876536X01003010004},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2010.04.10}
}
@article{SCJS06,
  title = {{Multichannel ECG and Noise Modeling: Application to Maternal and Fetal ECG Signals}},
  author = {R Sameni and G. D. Clifford and C. Jutten and M. B. Shamsollahi},
  journal = {{EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing}},
  year = {2007},
  pages = {{Article ID 43407, 14 pages}},
  volume = {2007},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1155/2007/43407}
}
@conference{SameniAJOG2009,
  title = {{Accuracy of fetal heart rate acquired from sensors on the maternal abdomen compared to a fetal scalp electrode}},
  author = {Reza Sameni and Gari D. Clifford and Jay Ward and Jim Robertson and Courtenay Pettigrew and Adam J. Wolfberg},
  booktitle = {{American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology}},
  year = {2009},
  address = {Chicago, IL},
  month = {December},
  organization = {{Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine}},
  pages = {S241--S241},
  volume = {201},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2011.02.09},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2009.10.529}
}
@article{SameniGouyPailler2014,
  author = {Reza Sameni and Cedric Gouy-Pailler},
  journal = {Journal of Neuroscience Methods},
  title = {{An Iterative Subspace Denoising Algorithm for Removing Electroencephalogram Ocular Artifacts}},
  year = {2014},
  month = {March},
  number = {3},
  pages = {97--105},
  volume = {225},
  address = {l},
  booktitle = {Proc.},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2014},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jneumeth.2014.01.024}
}
@inproceedings{Sameni2012b,
  author = {R. Sameni and C. Gouy-Pailler},
  booktitle = {Proc.},
  title = {{An Iterative Subspace Denoising algorithm for Removing Electrocardiogram Ocular Artifact}},
  year = {2012},
  address = {l},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2012}
}
@techreport{GouyPailler08,
  title = {{Iterative Subspace Decomposition for Ocular Artifact Removal from EEG Recordings}},
  author = {R. Sameni and C. Gouy-Pailler},
  institution = {GIPSA-lab, INP-Grenoble},
  year = {2008},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2008.04.22}
}
@patent{sameni2015extraction,
  title = {{Extraction of fetal cardiac signals}},
  author = {Sameni, R. and Jutten, C. and Shamsollahi, M.B. and Clifford, G.D.},
  month = sep # {~8},
  note = {US Patent 9,125,577},
  year = {2015},
  publisher = {Google Patents},
  url = {https://www.google.com/patents/US9125577}
}
@patent{patentSameni1_Published,
  title = {{Extraction of Fetal Cardiac Signals}},
  author = {R. Sameni and C. Jutten and M.B. Shamsollahi and G.D. Clifford},
  month = {June},
  year = {2010},
  day = {3},
  dayfiled = {3},
  monthfiled = {June},
  nationality = {U.S.},
  number = {{US 2010/0137727 A1}},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2009.09.12},
  note = {Licensed to MindChild Medical Inc.},
  yearfiled = {2010}
}
@article{Sameni2010,
  title = {A deflation procedure for subspace decomposition},
  author = {Sameni, Reza and Jutten, Christian and Shamsollahi, Mohammad B},
  journal = {Signal Processing, IEEE Transactions on},
  year = {2010},
  number = {4},
  pages = {2363--2374},
  volume = {58},
  owner = {sameni},
  publisher = {IEEE},
  timestamp = {2016.10.01},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1109/TSP.2009.2037353}
}
@article{Sameni2008a,
  author = {R. Sameni and C. Jutten and M. B. Shamsollahi},
  journal = {Biomedical Engineering, IEEE Transactions on},
  title = {{Multichannel Electrocardiogram Decomposition using Periodic Component Analysis}},
  year = {2008},
  month = {Aug},
  number = {8},
  pages = {1935--1940},
  volume = {55},
  abstract = {In this letter, we propose the application of the generalized eigenvalue decomposition for the decomposition of multichannel electrocardiogram (ECG) recordings. The proposed method uses a modified version of a previously presented measure of periodicity and a phase-wrapping of the RR-interval, for extracting the ?most periodic? linear mixtures of a recorded dataset. It is shown that the method is an improved extension of conventional source separation techniques, specifically customized for ECG signals. The method is therefore of special interest for the decomposition and compression of multichannel ECG, and for the removal of maternal ECG artifacts from fetal ECG recordings.},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2012.10.22},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1109/TBME.2008.919714}
}
@inproceedings{SJS06,
  title = {{What ICA Provides for {ECG} Processing: Application to Noninvasive Fetal {ECG} Extraction}},
  author = {R. Sameni and C. Jutten and M. B. Shamsollahi},
  booktitle = {{Proc. of the International Symposium on Signal Processing and Information Technology (ISSPIT'06)}},
  year = {2006},
  address = {{Vancouver, Canada}},
  month = {August},
  pages = {656--661},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1109/ISSPIT.2006.270882}
}
@unpublished{Sameni00,
  title = {{Designing a Training Board for the 8x51 Microcontroller Series}},
  author = {Reza Sameni and Sharifoddin Mansouri},
  note = {{Bachlor's final project, Shiraz University}},
  month = {September},
  year = {2000},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2010.03.16}
}
@article{SameniSeraj2017,
  title = {{A robust statistical framework for instantaneous electroencephalogram phase and frequency estimation and analysis}},
  author = {Reza Sameni and Esmaeil Seraj},
  journal = {Physiological Measurement},
  year = {2017},
  number = {12},
  pages = {2141--2163},
  volume = {38},
  abstract = {Objective: The instantaneous phase (IP) and instantaneous frequency (IF) of the electroencephalogram (EEG) are considered as notable complements for the EEG spectrum. The calculation of these parameters commonly includes narrow-band filtering, followed by the calculation of the signal?s analytical form. The calculation of the IP and IF is highly susceptible to the filter parameters and background noise level, especially in low analytical signal amplitudes. The objective of this study is to propose a robust statistical framework for EEG IP/IF estimation and analysis. Approach: Herein, a Monte Carlo estimation scheme is proposed for the robust estimation of the EEG IP and IF. It is proposed that any EEG phase-related inference should be reported as an average with confidence intervals obtained by repeating the IP and IF estimation under infinitesimal variations (selected by an expert), in algorithmic parameters such as the filter?s bandwidth, center frequency and background noise level. In the second part of the paper, a stochastic model consisting of the superposition of narrow-band foreground and background EEG is used to derive analytically probability density functions of the instantaneous envelope (IE) and IP of EEG signals, which justify the proposed Monte Carlo scheme. Main results: The instantaneous analytical envelope of the EEG, which has been empirically used in previous studies, is shown to have a fundamental impact on the accuracy of the EEG phase contents. It is rigorously shown that the IP/IF estimation quality highly depends on the IE and any phase/frequency interpretations in low IE are statistically unreliable and require a hypothesis test. Significance: The impact of the proposed method on previous studies, including time-domain phase synchrony, phase resetting, phase locking value and phase amplitude coupling are studied with examples. The findings of this research can set forth new standards for EEG phase/frequency estimation and analysis techniques.},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6579/aa93a1}
}
@inproceedings{SaSh03,
  title = {{Discrimination of EEG Signals during the Performance of Different Mental Tasks}},
  author = {R. Sameni and M.B Shamsollahi},
  booktitle = {Proc. of the World Congress on Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering},
  year = {2003},
  address = {Sydney, Australia},
  month = {August 24-29},
  note = {[CD-ROM] ISBN 1877040142, Poster Paper No. 4251}
}
@inproceedings{SSJ06,
  title = {{Multi-Channel Electrocardiogram Denoising Using a Bayesian Filtering Framework}},
  author = {R. Sameni and M.B Shamsollahi and C. Jutten},
  booktitle = {Proc. of the 33rd Annual International Conference on Computers in Cardiology},
  year = {2006},
  address = {Valencia, Spain},
  month = {September 17-20},
  pages = {185--188},
  url = {http://cinc.mit.edu/archives/2006/},
  vol = {33}
}
@inproceedings{SSS04,
  title = {{Processing Polysomnographic Signals, using Independent Component Analysis}},
  author = {R. Sameni and M.B Shamsollahi and L. Senhadji},
  booktitle = {Proc. Of the International Conference on Biomedical Engineering (BIOMED 2004)},
  year = {2004},
  address = {Innsbruck, Austria},
  month = {February},
  pages = {193-196}
}
@article{SSJ08,
  title = {{Model-based Bayesian filtering of cardiac contaminants from biomedical recordings}},
  author = {R. Sameni and M. B. Shamsollahi and C. Jutten},
  journal = {Physiological Measurement},
  year = {2008},
  month = {May},
  number = {5},
  pages = {595--613},
  volume = {29},
  abstract = {Electrocardiogram (ECG) and magnetocardiogram (MCG) signals are among the most considerable sources of noise for other biomedical signals. In some recent works, a Bayesian filtering framework has been proposed for denoising the ECG signals. In this paper, it is shown that this framework may be effectively used for removing cardiac contaminants such as the ECG, MCG and ballistocardiographic artifacts from different biomedical recordings such as the electroencephalogram, electromyogram and also for canceling maternal cardiac signals from fetal ECG/MCG. The proposed method is evaluated on simulated and real signals.},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1088/0967-3334/29/5/006}
}
@inproceedings{SSJ05,
  title = {{Filtering Electrocardiogram Signals Using the Extended Kalman Filter}},
  author = {R. Sameni and M. B. Shamsollahi and C. Jutten},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 27th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBS)},
  year = {2005},
  address = {Shanghai, China},
  month = {September 1-4},
  pages = {5639--5642},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMBS.2005.1615765}
}
@inproceedings{SSJB05,
  title = {{Filtering Noisy {ECG} Signals Using the Extended {K}alman Filter Based on a Modified Dynamic {ECG} Model}},
  author = {R. Sameni and M. B. Shamsollahi and C. Jutten and M. Babaie-Zadeh},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 32nd Annual International Conference on Computers in Cardiology},
  year = {2005},
  address = {Lyon, France},
  month = {September 25-28},
  pages = {1017-1020},
  vol = {32}
}
@article{SSJC06,
  title = {A Nonlinear Bayesian Filtering Framework for {ECG} Denoising},
  author = {R. Sameni and M. B. Shamsollahi and C. Jutten and G. D. Clifford},
  journal = {Biomedical Engineering, IEEE Transactions on},
  year = {2007},
  month = {December},
  number = {12},
  pages = {2172--2185},
  volume = {54},
  no = {12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1109/TBME.2007.897817},
  vol = {54}
}
@inproceedings{SVPH06,
  title = {{Electrode Selection for Noninvasive Fetal Electrocardiogram Extraction using Mutual Information Criteria}},
  author = {R. Sameni and F. Vrins and F. Parmentier and C. H\'erail and V. Vigneron and M. Verleysen and C. Jutten and M.B Shamsollahi},
  booktitle = {Proc. of the 26th International Workshop on Bayesian Inference and Maximum Entropy Methods in Science and Engineering (MaxEnt 2006)},
  year = {2006},
  address = {CNRS, Paris, France},
  month = {July 8-13},
  pages = {97--104},
  volume = {872},
  url = {http://hdl.handle.net/2078.1/90753}
}
@mastersthesis{MaryamSamieinasabMS2015,
  title = {{Modeling and Filtering of Fetal Phonocardiogram Signals}},
  author = {Maryam Samieinasab},
  school = {Biomedical Engineering, School of Electrical \& Computer Engineering, Shiraz University},
  year = {2015},
  month = {February},
  note = {Supervised by: Dr. Reza Sameni},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2015.04.14}
}
@manual{fetalPCGPhysionet,
  title = {{Shiraz University Fetal Heart Sounds Database (SUFHSDB)}},
  author = {Maryam Samieinasab and Reza Sameni},
  year = {2016},
  url = {https://physionet.org/physiobank/database/sufhsdb/}
}
@inproceedings{SamieinasabSameni2015,
  title = {Fetal Phonocardiogram Extraction Using Single Channel Blind Source Separation},
  author = {Samieinasab, M. and Sameni, R.},
  booktitle = {Electrical Engineering (ICEE), 2015 23rd Iranian Conference on},
  year = {2015},
  month = {May},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1109/IranianCEE.2015.7146186}
}
@article{Samonas1997,
  author = {M. Samonas and M. Petrou and A. A. Ioannides},
  journal = {{IEEE Trans Biomed Eng}},
  title = {Identification and elimination of cardiac contribution in single-trial magnetoencephalographic signals.},
  year = {1997},
  pages = {386-393},
  volume = {44},
  no = {5},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2012.10.22}
}
@inproceedings{SaulA00,
  title = {{Periodic Component Analysis: An Eigenvalue Method for Representing Periodic Structure in Speech}},
  author = {Lawrence K. Saul and Jont B. Allen},
  booktitle = {NIPS},
  year = {2000},
  pages = {807-813},
  url = {http://www.cs.cmu.edu/Groups/NIPS/00papers-pub-on-web/SaulAllen.pdf}
}
@article{Sauseng2008,
  author = {P. Sauseng and W. Klimesch},
  journal = {Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews},
  title = {What does phase information of oscillatory brain activity tell us about cognitive processes?},
  year = {2008},
  pages = {1001-1013},
  volume = {32},
  groups = {[sameni:]},
  owner = {aras},
  timestamp = {2016.07.16}
}
@article{Sauseng2007,
  author = {Sauseng, P and Klimesch, W and Gruber, WR and Hanslmayr, S and Freunberger, R and Doppelmayr, M},
  journal = {Neuroscience},
  title = {Are event-related potential components generated by phase resetting of brain oscillations? A critical discussion},
  year = {2007},
  number = {4},
  pages = {1435--1444},
  volume = {146},
  groups = {[sameni:]},
  owner = {sameni},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  timestamp = {2016.10.01}
}
@article{Sauseng2008a,
  author = {P. Sauseng and W. Klimesch and W. R. Gruber and N. Birbaumer},
  journal = {Neuroimage},
  title = {Crossfrequency phase synchronization: A brain mechanism of memory matching and attention},
  year = {2008},
  pages = {308-317},
  volume = {40},
  groups = {[sameni:]},
  owner = {aras},
  timestamp = {2016.07.16}
}
@article{savitzky1964smoothing,
  title = {Smoothing and differentiation of data by simplified least squares procedures.},
  author = {Savitzky, Abraham and Golay, Marcel JE},
  journal = {Analytical chemistry},
  year = {1964},
  number = {8},
  pages = {1627--1639},
  volume = {36},
  publisher = {ACS Publications}
}
@inproceedings{Sayadi2007,
  title = {{ECG Denoising Using Parameters of ECG Dynamical Model as the States of an Extended Kalman Filter}},
  author = {Sayadi, O. and Sameni, R. and Shamsollahi, M.B.},
  booktitle = {Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, 2007. EMBS 2007. 29th Annual International Conference of the IEEE},
  year = {2007},
  month = {Aug.},
  pages = {2548--2551},
  abstract = {In this paper an efficient filtering procedure based on the extended Kalman filter (EKF) has been proposed. The method is based on a modified nonlinear dynamic model, previously introduced for the generation of synthetic ECG signals. We have suggested simple dynamics as the governing equations for the model parameters. Since we have not any observation for these new state variables, they are considered as hidden states. Quantitative evaluation of the proposed algorithm on the MIT-BIH signals shows that an average SNR improvement of 12 dB is achieved for a signal of -5 dB. The results show improved output SNRs compared to the EKF outputs in the absence of these new dynamics.},
  doi = {10.1109/IEMBS.2007.4352848},
  issn = {1557-170X},
  keywords = {Biomedical measurements;Electrocardiography;Equations;Filtering;Noise measurement;Noise reduction;Nonlinear dynamical systems;Nonlinear systems;Pollution measurement;Signal generators;Kalman filters;electrocardiography;medical signal processing;signal denoising;ECG denoising;ECG dynamical model;electrocardiogram;extended Kalman filter;hidden states;modified nonlinear dynamic model;ECG dynamical model;Extended Kalman filter;Hidden state variable;},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMBS.2007.4352848}
}
@article{Sayadi2010,
  author = {Sayadi, O. and Shamsollahi, M.B. and Clifford, G.D.},
  journal = {Biomedical Engineering, IEEE Transactions on},
  title = {Robust Detection of Premature Ventricular Contractions Using a Wave-Based Bayesian Framework},
  year = {2010},
  issn = {0018-9294},
  month = {feb.},
  number = {2},
  pages = {353 -362},
  volume = {57},
  doi = {10.1109/TBME.2009.2031243},
  keywords = {ECG;Holter monitoring;MIT-BIH arrhythmia database;aggregate positive predictivity;aggregate sensitivity;characteristic waveforms;clinical PVC detection;covariance matrix;critical care patient monitoring;dangerous heart condition diagnosis;extended Kalman filter;life-threatening arrhythmias;model-based dynamic algorithm;normal sinus beats;polar envelope;polar signal representation;polargram;premature ventricular contractions;signal fidelity;ventricular complex classification;ventricular complex detection;wave-based Bayesian framework;Kalman filters;belief networks;cardiovascular system;covariance matrices;electrocardiography;patient care;patient monitoring;physiological models;waveform analysis;}
}
@article{sayadi2008ecg,
  title = {{ECG denoising and compression using a modified extended Kalman filter structure}},
  author = {Sayadi, Omid and Shamsollahi, Mohammad Bagher},
  journal = {Biomedical Engineering, IEEE Transactions on},
  year = {2008},
  number = {9},
  pages = {2240--2248},
  volume = {55},
  publisher = {IEEE}
}
@article{ScharfMcCloud2002,
  title = {Blind adaptation of zero forcing projections and oblique pseudo-inverses for subspace detection and estimation when interference dominates noise},
  author = {Scharf, L.L. and McCloud, M.L.},
  journal = {{IEEE} Trans. Signal Processing},
  year = {2002},
  month = {December},
  number = {12},
  pages = {2938 -- 2946},
  volume = {50},
  abstract = {In much of modern radar, sonar, and wireless communication, it seems more reasonable to model "measurement noise" as subspace interference-plus-broadband noise than as colored noise. This observation leads naturally to a variety of detection and estimation problems in the linear statistical model. To solve these problems, one requires oblique pseudo-inverses, oblique projections, and zero-forcing orthogonal projections. The problem is that these operators depend on knowledge of signal and interference subspaces, and this information is often not at hand. More typically, the signal subspace is known, but the interference subspace is unknown. We prove a theorem that allows these operators to be estimated directly from experimental data, without knowledge of the interference subspace. As a byproduct, the theorem shows how signal subspace covariance may be estimated. When the strict identities of the theorem are approximated, then the detectors, estimators, and beamformers of this paper take on the form of adaptive subspace estimators, detectors, and Capon beamformers, all of which are reduced in rank. The fundamental operator turns out to be a certain reduced-rank Wiener filter, which we clarify in the course of our derivations. The results of this paper form a foundation for the rapid adaptation of receivers that are then used for detection and estimation. They may be applied to detection and estimation in radar, sonar, and hyperspectral imaging and to data decoding in multiuser communication receivers.},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2009.02.14}
}
@article{SchlKZSLP07,
  title = {A fully automated correction method of {EOG} artifacts in {EEG} recordings.},
  author = {A. Schl\"{o}gl and C. Keinrath and D. Zimmermann and R. Scherer and R. Leeb and G. Pfurtscheller},
  journal = {Clin. Neurophysiol.},
  year = {2007},
  month = {Jan},
  number = {1},
  pages = {98--104},
  volume = {118},
  abstract = {OBJECTIVE: A fully automated method for reducing EOG artifacts is presented and validated. METHODS: The correction method is based on regression analysis and was applied to 18 recordings with 22 channels and approx. 6 min each. Two independent experts scored the original and corrected EEG in a blinded evaluation. RESULTS: The expert scorers identified in 5.9\% of the raw data some EOG artifacts; 4.7\% were corrected. After applying the EOG correction, the expert scorers identified in another 1.9\% of the data some EOG artifacts, which were not recognized in the uncorrected data. CONCLUSIONS: The advantage of a fully automated reduction of EOG artifacts justifies the small additional effort of the proposed method and is a viable option for reducing EOG artifacts. The method has been implemented for offline and online analysis and is available through BioSig, an open source software library for biomedical signal processing. SIGNIFICANCE: Visual identification and rejection of EOG-contaminated EEG segments can miss many EOG artifacts, and is therefore not sufficient for removing EOG artifacts. The proposed method was able to reduce EOG artifacts by 80\%.},
  doi = {10.1016/j.clinph.2006.09.003},
  file = {SchlKZSLP07.pdf:SchlKZSLP07.pdf:PDF},
  institution = {Institute of Human-Computer Interfaces, Graz University of Technology, Krenngasse 37/IV, A-8010 Graz, Austria. alois.schloegl@tugraz.at},
  keywords = {Adolescent; Adult; Artifacts; Brain; Brain Mapping; Electroencephalography; Electrooculography; Female; Humans; Male; Reproducibility of Results; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted},
  owner = {Cedric Gouy-Pailler},
  pii = {S1388-2457(06)01431-3},
  pmid = {17088100},
  timestamp = {2008.02.19},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2006.09.003}
}
@article{Schmidt2014,
  title = {Developing fetal motor-cardiovascular coordination analyzed from multi-channel magnetocardiography},
  author = {Schmidt, A and Schneider, U and Witte, OW and Schleussner, E and Hoyer, D},
  journal = {Physiological measurement},
  year = {2014},
  number = {10},
  pages = {1943--1959},
  volume = {35},
  owner = {sameni},
  publisher = {IOP Publishing},
  timestamp = {2016.10.01}
}
@conference{Schneider2004,
  author = {Schneider, R. and Bauer, A. and Barthel, P. and Schmidt, G.},
  booktitle = {Computers in Cardiology, 2004},
  title = {{libRASCH: a programming framework for signal handling}},
  year = {19-22 Sept. 2004},
  pages = {53-56},
  doi = {10.1109/CIC.2004.1442869},
  keywords = {C language, Linux, Web sites, electrocardiography, libraries, medical information systems, medical signal processing, programming languages, user interfaces ECG, EDF(+), Linux, MIT-BIH, Windows, computer program, continuous blood pressure recording, data formats, file formats, libRASCH, mandatory, physiological signal, plugin mechanism, processed data, programming framework, programming languages, programming library, raw signal data, signal handling, source code, web-site, www.librasch.org}
}
@article{Schneider2001,
  title = {Signal analysis of auditory evoked cortical fields in fetal magnetoencephalography.},
  author = {Schneider, U. and Schleussner, E. and Haueisen, J. and Nowak, H. and Seewald, H.J.},
  journal = {Brain Topogr},
  year = {2001},
  number = {1},
  pages = {69-80},
  volume = {14},
  abstract = {Magnetoencephalography (MEG) using auditory evoked cortical fields (AEF) is an absolutely non-invasive method of passive measurement which utilizes magnetic fields caused by specific cortical activity. By applying the exceptionally sensitive SQUID technology to record these fields of dipolar configuration produced by the fetal brain, MEG as an investigational tool could provide new insights into the development of the human brain in utero. The major constraint to this application is a very low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) that has to be attributed to a variety of factors including the magnetic signals generated by the fetal and maternal hearts which inevitably obscure a straightforward signal analysis. By applying a new algorithm of specific heart artefact reduction based on the relative regularity of the heart signals, we were able to increase the chance of extracting a fetal AEF from the raw data by the means of averaging techniques and principle component analysis. Results from 27 pregnant, healthy women (third trimester of their uncomplicated pregnancy) indicate an improved detection rate and the reproducibility of the fetal MEG. We evaluate and discuss a-priori criteria for signal analyses which will enable us to systematically analyze additional limiting factors, to further enhance the efficiency of this method and to promote the assessment of its possible clinical value in the future.},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2012.10.22}
}
@article{schreiberk96,
  title = {Nonlinear noise reduction for electrocardiograms},
  author = {Schreiber, T. and Kaplan, D. T..},
  journal = {Chaos},
  year = {1996},
  number = {1},
  pages = {87-92},
  volume = {6}
}
@article{SK96a,
  title = {{Signal separation by nonlinear projections: The fetal electrocardiogram}},
  author = {T. Schreiber and D. T. Kaplan},
  journal = {Phys. Rev. E.},
  year = {1996},
  pages = {R4326- R4329},
  volume = {53},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2008.04.30}
}
@article{Sedlacek2004,
  title = {Low uncertainty power-line frequency estimation for distorted and noisy harmonic signals},
  author = {M. Sedlacek and J. Blaska},
  journal = {Measurement},
  year = {2004},
  number = {1},
  pages = {97 - 107},
  volume = {35},
  abstract = {The paper presents a comparison of four methods of instantaneous power-line frequency estimation. Comparison is performed from the point-of-view of the methods� sensitivity to higher-order harmonic content and to the additive noise and from the point-of-view of their response time. The compared methods are zero crossing with pre-filtration, integrated zero crossing, windowed and interpolated FFT, and dynamic parameter estimation with pre-filtration. Comparison is based on computer simulations.},
  doi = {10.1016/j.measurement.2003.08.013},
  issn = {0263-2241},
  keywords = {Power-line frequency measurement},
  url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0263224103000952}
}
@article{Sekihara1996,
  title = {{Generalized Wiener estimation of three-dimensional current distribution from biomagnetic measurements}},
  author = {Sekihara, K. and Scholz, B.},
  journal = {IEEE Trans Biomed Eng},
  year = {1996},
  number = {3},
  pages = {281-91},
  volume = {43},
  abstract = {This paper proposes a method for estimating three-dimensional (3-D) biocurrent distribution from spatio-temporal biomagnetic data. This method is based on the principle of generalized Wiener estimation, and it is formulated based on the assumption that current sources are uncorrelated. Computer simulation demonstrates that the proposed method can reconstruct a 3-D current distribution where the conventional least-squares minimum-norm method fails. The influence of noise is also simulated, and the results indicate that a signal-to-noise ratio of more than 20 for the uncorrelated sensor noise is needed to implement the proposed method. The calculated point spread function shows that the proposed method has very high spatial resolution compared to the conventional minimum norm method. The results of computer simulation of the distributed current sources are also presented, including cases where current sources are correlated. These results suggest that no serious errors arise if the source correlation is weak.},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2012.10.22}
}
@mastersthesis{SerajMS2016,
  title = {{A Comparison of Cerebral Signal Phase Extraction and Analysis Methods}},
  author = {Esmaeil Seraj},
  school = {Biomedical Engineering, School of Electrical \& Computer Engineering, Shiraz University},
  year = {2016},
  month = {September},
  note = {Supervised by: Dr. Reza Sameni}
}
@article{SerajSameni2017,
  title = {Robust electroencephalogram phase estimation with applications in brain-computer interface systems},
  author = {Esmaeil Seraj and Reza Sameni},
  journal = {Physiological Measurement},
  year = {2017},
  number = {3},
  pages = {501},
  volume = {38},
  abstract = {Objective: In this study, a robust method is developed for frequency-specific electroencephalogram (EEG) phase extraction using the analytic representation of the EEG. Based on recent theoretical findings in this area, it is shown that some of the phase variations?previously associated to the brain response?are systematic side-effects of the methods used for EEG phase calculation, especially during low analytical amplitude segments of the EEG. Approach: With this insight, the proposed method generates randomized ensembles of the EEG phase using minor perturbations in the zero-pole loci of narrow-band filters, followed by phase estimation using the signal?s analytical form and ensemble averaging over the randomized ensembles to obtain a robust EEG phase and frequency. This Monte Carlo estimation method is shown to be very robust to noise and minor changes of the filter parameters and reduces the effect of fake EEG phase jumps, which do not have a cerebral origin. Main results: As proof of concept, the proposed method is used for extracting EEG phase features for a brain computer interface (BCI) application. The results show significant improvement in classification rates using rather simple phase-related features and a standard K-nearest neighbors and random forest classifiers, over a standard BCI dataset. Significance: The average performance was improved between 4?7% (in absence of additive noise) and 8?12% (in presence of additive noise). The significance of these improvements was statistically confirmed by a paired sample t-test , with 0.01 and 0.03 p-values, respectively. The proposed method for EEG phase calculation is very generic and may be applied to other EEG phase-based studies.},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6579/aa5bba}
}
@manual{Sexton2005,
  title = {{Fetal blood flow}},
  author = {M. J. Sexton and L. A. Latson},
  month = {October},
  organization = {Healthwise, Inc.},
  year = {2005},
  owner = {Reza Sameni},
  timestamp = {2008.05.10},
  url = {http://www.memorialhermann.org/}
}
@article{Shao2004,
  title = {{An interference cancellation algorithm for noninvasive extraction of transabdominal fetal electroencephalogram (TaFEEG)}},
  author = {Shao, Min and Barner, K.E. and Goodman, M.H.},
  journal = {Biomedical Engineering, IEEE Transactions on},
  year = {2004},
  number = {3},
  pages = {471--483},
  volume = {51},
  doi = {10.1109/TBME.2003.821011},
  editor = {Barner, K.E.},
  issn = {0018-9294},
  keywords = {electrocardiography, electroencephalography, interference (signal), iterative methods, obstetrics, FECG, cerebral function, cerebral palsy, electroencephalogram, fetal electroencephalogram, interference cancellation algorithm, interfering baseline wander, maternal ECG, mental retardation syndromes, multistep extraction procedure, noninvasive extraction, transabdominal fetal electroencephalogram},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2008.04.30}
}
@article{Shao2004a,
  author = {Min Shao and K.E.Barner and M.H.Goodman},
  journal = {{IEEE Trans Biomed Eng}},
  title = {An interference cancellation algorithm for noninvasive extraction of transabdominal fetal electroencephalogram (TaFEEG)},
  year = {2004},
  pages = {471-483},
  volume = {51},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2012.10.22}
}
@inproceedings{sharma2012generalized,
  title = {Generalized multiview analysis: A discriminative latent space},
  author = {Sharma, Abhishek and Kumar, Abhishek and Daume, Hal and Jacobs, David W},
  booktitle = {Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), 2012 IEEE Conference on},
  year = {2012},
  organization = {IEEE},
  pages = {2160--2167}
}
@article{Shepovalnikov2006,
  title = {{Investigation of time, amplitude, and frequency parameters of a direct fetal ECG signal during labor and delivery}},
  author = {R. A. {Shepoval'nikov} and A. P. Nemirko and A. N. Kalinichenko and V. V. Abramchenko},
  journal = {{Pattern Recognition and Image Analysis}},
  year = {2006},
  month = {January},
  number = {1},
  pages = {74--76},
  volume = {16},
  doi = {10.1134/S1054661806010238},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2009.06.06}
}
@article{shmaliy1999probability,
  title = {Probability distributions of the envelope and phase, and their derivatives in time of the sum of a non-stationary sine signal and narrow-band Gaussian noise},
  author = {Shmaliy, Yu S},
  journal = {Journal of the Franklin Institute},
  year = {1999},
  number = {6},
  pages = {1013--1022},
  volume = {336},
  publisher = {Elsevier}
}
@article{Shono94,
  title = {{Fetal heart rate recorder for long-duration use in active full-term pregnant women}},
  author = {Hideaki Shono and Masami Muro and Mayumi Kohara and Yuji Ito and Takashi Nagasawa and Hajime Sugimori},
  journal = {{Obstetrics \& Gynecology}},
  year = {1994},
  pages = {301--6},
  volume = {83},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2009.12.07}
}
@article{Siegel2009,
  author = {Siegel, Markus and Warden, Melissa R and Miller, Earl K},
  journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences},
  title = {Phase-dependent neuronal coding of objects in short-term memory},
  year = {2009},
  number = {50},
  pages = {21341--21346},
  volume = {106},
  groups = {[sameni:]},
  owner = {sameni},
  publisher = {National Acad Sciences},
  timestamp = {2016.10.01}
}
@article{Signorini2003,
  title = {Linear and nonlinear parameters for the analysis of fetal heart rate signal from cardiotocographic recordings.},
  author = {Maria G Signorini and Giovanni Magenes and Sergio Cerutti and Domenico Arduini},
  journal = {IEEE Trans Biomed Eng},
  year = {2003},
  month = {Mar},
  number = {3},
  pages = {365--374},
  volume = {50},
  abstract = {Antepartum fetal monitoring based on the classical cardiotocography (CTG) is a noninvasive and simple tool for checking fetal status. Its introduction in the clinical routine limited the occurrence of fetal problems leading to a reduction of the precocious child mortality. Nevertheless, very poor indications on fetal pathologies can be inferred from the even automatic CTG analysis methods, which are actually employed. The feeling is that fetal heart rate (FHR) signals and uterine contractions carry much more information on fetal state than is usually extracted by classical analysis methods. In particular, FHR signal contains indications about the neural development of the fetus. However, the methods actually adopted for judging a CTG trace as "abnormal" give weak predictive indications about fetal dangers. We propose a new methodological approach for the CTG monitoring, based on a multiparametric FHR analysis, which includes spectral parameters from autoregressive models and nonlinear algorithms (approximate entropy). This preliminary study considers 14 normal fetuses, eight cases of gestational (maternal) diabetes, and 13 intrauterine growth retarded fetuses. A comparison with the traditional time domain analysis is also included. This paper shows that the proposed new parameters are able to separate normal from pathological fetuses. Results constitute the first step for realizing a new clinical classification system for the early diagnosis of most common fetal pathologies.},
  doi = {10.1109/TBME.2003.808824},
  institution = {Dipartimento di Bioingegneria, University Politecnico di Milan, 20133 Milano, Italy. signorini@biomed.polimi.it},
  keywords = {Algorithms; Cardiotocography; Diabetes, Gestational; Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted; Female; Fetal Growth Retardation; Fetal Monitoring; Fetal Movement; Heart Rate; Heart Rate, Fetal; Humans; Linear Models; Models, Cardiovascular; Nonlinear Dynamics; Pregnancy; Quality Control; Regression Analysis; Reproducibility of Results; Retrospective Studies; Sensitivity and Specificity},
  owner = {sameni},
  pmid = {12669993},
  timestamp = {2008.04.30},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TBME.2003.808824}
}
@inproceedings{MoodyCINC2013,
  title = {{Noninvasive Fetal ECG: The PhysioNet/Computing in Cardiology Challenge 2013}},
  author = {Ikaro Silva and Joachim Behar and Reza Sameni and Tingting Zhu and Julien Oster and Gari D. Clifford and George B. Moody},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 40th Annual International Conference on Computers in Cardiology},
  year = {2013},
  address = {Zaragoza, Spain},
  month = {September 22-25},
  pages = {149--152},
  vol = {40}
}
@book{SIMON2006,
  title = {{Optimal State Estimation: Kalman, H Infinity, and Nonlinear Approaches}},
  author = {Dan Simon},
  publisher = {John Wiley \& Sons Inc.},
  year = {2006}
}
@inproceedings{singh2008relational,
  title = {Relational learning via collective matrix factorization},
  author = {Singh, Ajit P and Gordon, Geoffrey J},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 14th ACM SIGKDD international conference on knowledge discovery and data mining},
  year = {2008},
  organization = {ACM},
  pages = {650--658}
}
@article{Singh2006275,
  author = {Brij N. Singh and Arvind K. Tiwari},
  journal = {Digital Signal Processing},
  title = {Optimal selection of wavelet basis function applied to {ECG} signal denoising},
  year = {2006},
  issn = {1051-2004},
  number = {3},
  pages = {275 - 287},
  volume = {16},
  abstract = {Over the years ElectroCardioGram (ECG) signal has been used to assess the cardiovascular condition of humans. In practice, real time acquisition and transmission of the \{ECG\} may contain noise signals superimposed on it. In general, the signal processing algorithms employed for denoising provide optimal performance and eliminate the high frequency noise between any two beats contained in a continuous \{ECG\} signal. Despite their optimal performance, the signal processing algorithms significantly attenuate the peaks of characteristics wave of the \{ECG\} signal. This paper presents a selection procedure of mother wavelet basis functions applied for denoising of the \{ECG\} signal in wavelet domain while retaining the signal peaks close to their full amplitude. The obtained wavelet based denoised \{ECG\} signals retain the necessary diagnostics information contained in the original \{ECG\} signal.},
  doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dsp.2005.12.003},
  keywords = {ECG},
  url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1051200405001703}
}
@book{Skolnik2008,
  title = {Radar Handbook},
  author = {Skolnik, M.I.},
  publisher = {McGraw-Hill},
  year = {2008},
  series = {Electronics electrical engineering},
  isbn = {9780071485470},
  lccn = {2007052691},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2014.06.25}
}
@techreport{Skon1986,
  title = {{Cram\'er-Rao Bound Analysis for Frequency Estimation of Sinusoids in Noise}},
  author = {J. M. Skon},
  institution = {MIT, Lincoln Laboratory},
  year = {1986},
  month = {March},
  number = {727},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2013.09.21}
}
@article{Snowden2001,
  title = {A digital system for recording the electrical activity of the uterus.},
  author = {S. Snowden and N. A. Simpson and J. J. Walker},
  journal = {Physiol Meas},
  year = {2001},
  month = {Nov},
  number = {4},
  pages = {673--679},
  volume = {22},
  abstract = {The ability to identify true pre-term labour would be of considerable clinical benefit as electrical signals from the uterus, recorded using surface electrodes, may discriminate between labouring and non-labouring states in human pregnancy. A digital recording system for recording the electrical activity of the uterus has been developed and is described in this paper. A pilot study in which entire recordings in 21 women were subjected to power spectral analysis suggests that the relative power in two frequency bands (0.2-0.45 Hz and 0.8-3 Hz) changes as pregnancy progresses into early labour.},
  institution = {Department of Medical Physics and Engineering, Leeds Teaching Hospitals, UK. s.snowden@leeds.ac.uk},
  keywords = {Adult; Algorithms; Amplifiers; Data Collection; Electrodes; Electromyography; Electrophysiology; Female; Fourier Analysis; Humans; Labor, Obstetric; Obstetric Labor, Premature; Pregnancy; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; Uterus},
  owner = {sameni},
  pmid = {11761075},
  timestamp = {2008.05.12}
}
@article{Sornmo1998,
  title = {Vectorcardiographic loop alignment and morphologic beat-to-beat variability},
  author = {Sornmo, L.},
  journal = {Biomedical Engineering, IEEE Transactions on},
  year = {1998},
  month = {December},
  number = {12},
  pages = {1401-1413},
  volume = {45},
  abstract = {The measurement of subtle morphologic beat-to-beat variations in the electrocardiogram is complicated by the presence of respiration-induced movements of the heart. A statistical signal model is developed which accounts for such movements by means of scaling, rotation, and time synchronization of vector-cardiographic loops. The maximum-likelihood estimator of the parameters describing these three transformations is presented and is extended to the case of multiple loop alignment. The performance of the method is assessed by measuring morphologic variability before and after loop alignment. It is shown that the effects of respiration on morphologic variability can be considerably reduced by the new method. Measurements on morphologic variability were typically reduced by a factor of 0.53 after loop alignment. The results show also that beat-to-beat measurements are strongly dependent on the selected sampling rate and that a rate of 1 kHz is too low},
  doi = {10.1109/10.730434},
  issn = {0018-9294},
  keywords = {electrocardiography, maximum likelihood estimation, medical signal processing, physiological models1 kHz, ECG analysis, electrodiagnostics, maximum-likelihood estimator, morphologic QRS variability, respiration effects, respiration-induced heart movements, rotation, sampling rate, scaling, subtle morphologic beat-to-beat variations, time synchronization, vectorcardiographic loop alignment}
}
@article{sornmo1981method,
  title = {A method for evaluation of QRS shape features using a mathematical model for the ECG},
  author = {Sornmo, Leif and Borjesson, Per Ola and Nygards, Mats-erik and Pahlm, Olle},
  journal = {IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering},
  year = {1981},
  number = {10},
  pages = {713--717},
  publisher = {IEEE}
}
@article{Spencer1992,
  title = {Adaptive filters for monitoring localized brain activity from surface potential time series},
  author = {Spencer,M. E. and Leahy,R. M. and Mosher,J. C. and Lewis,P. S.},
  journal = {26th Asilomar Conf. Signals, Systems, and Computers},
  year = {1992},
  pages = {156�161},
  volume = {1},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2012.10.22}
}
@article{Srivastava05,
  title = {{ICA-based procedures for removing ballistocardiogram artifacts from EEG data acquired in the MRI scanner}},
  author = {G. Srivastava and S. Crottaz-Herbette K.M Lau and G.H Glover and V. Menon},
  journal = {Neuroimage},
  year = {2005},
  month = {Jan},
  number = {1},
  pages = {50--60},
  volume = {24},
  abstract = {Electroencephalogram (EEG) data acquired in the MRI scanner contains significant artifacts, one of the most prominent of which is ballistocardiogram (BCG) artifact. BCG artifacts are generated by movement of EEG electrodes inside the magnetic field due to pulsatile changes in blood flow tied to the cardiac cycle. Independent Component Analysis (ICA) is a statistical algorithm that is useful for removing artifacts that are linearly and independently mixed with signals of interest. Here, we demonstrate and validate the usefulness of ICA in removing BCG artifacts from EEG data acquired in the MRI scanner. In accordance with our hypothesis that BCG artifacts are physiologically independent from EEG, it was found that ICA consistently resulted in five to six independent components representing the BCG artifact. Following removal of these components, a significant reduction in spectral power at frequencies associated with the BCG artifact was observed. We also show that our ICA-based procedures perform significantly better than noise-cancellation methods that rely on estimation and subtraction of averaged artifact waveforms from the recorded EEG. Additionally, the proposed ICA-based method has the advantage that it is useful in situations where ECG reference signals are corrupted or not available.}
}
@article{Stam2003,
  author = {Stam, CJ and Van Der Made, Y and Pijnenburg, YAL and Scheltens, PH},
  journal = {Acta Neurologica Scandinavica},
  title = {EEG synchronization in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease},
  year = {2003},
  number = {2},
  pages = {90--96},
  volume = {108},
  groups = {[sameni:]},
  owner = {sameni},
  publisher = {Wiley Online Library},
  timestamp = {2016.10.01}
}
@article{Stam2002,
  author = {Stam, Cornelis J and van Walsum, Anne Marie van Cappellen and Pijnenburg, Yolande AL and Berendse, Henk W and de Munck, Jan C and Scheltens, Philip and van Dijk, Bob W},
  journal = {Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology},
  title = {Generalized synchronization of MEG recordings in Alzheimer?s disease: evidence for involvement of the gamma band},
  year = {2002},
  number = {6},
  pages = {562--574},
  volume = {19},
  groups = {[sameni:]},
  owner = {sameni},
  publisher = {LWW},
  timestamp = {2016.10.01}
}
@article{SDMS98,
  title = {{{ECG} analysis using nonlinear PCA neural networks for ischemia detection}},
  author = {T. Stamkopoulos and K. Diamantaras and N. Maglaveras and M. Strintzis},
  journal = {{IEEE} Trans. Signal Processing},
  year = {1998},
  month = {Nov.},
  pages = {3058-3067},
  volume = {46},
  no = {11}
}
@phdthesis{Stinstra2001,
  title = {Reliability of the fetal magnetocardiogram},
  author = {J.G. Stinstra},
  school = {University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands},
  year = {2001},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2008.04.29},
  url = {http://doc.utwente.nl/35964/}
}
@article{stogbauer-2004-70,
  title = {Least Dependent Component Analysis Based on Mutual Information},
  author = {Harald Stogbauer and Alexander Kraskov and Sergey A. Astakhov and Peter Grassberger},
  journal = {Physical Review E},
  year = {2004},
  pages = {066123},
  volume = {70},
  url = {doi:10.1103/PhysRevE.70.066123}
}
@book{Strang1988,
  title = {Linear Algebra and Its Applications},
  author = {Gilbert Strang},
  publisher = {Brooks/Cole},
  year = {1988},
  edition = {3},
  keywords = {MATHtext}
}
@book{Stratton1941,
  title = {{Electromagnetic Theory}},
  author = {J.A. Stratton},
  publisher = {McGraw-Hill Book Company Inc.},
  year = {1941}
}
@article{Strobach1994,
  author = {Strobach, P. and Abraham-Fuchs, K. and Harer, W.},
  journal = {Biomedical Engineering, IEEE Transactions on},
  title = {Event-synchronous cancellation of the heart interference in biomedical signals},
  year = {1994},
  issn = {0018-9294},
  month = {april},
  number = {4},
  pages = {343 -350},
  volume = {41},
  abstract = {A two-pass adaptive filtering algorithm is proposed for cancellation of recurrent interferences such as the heart interference in biomedical signals. In the first pass, an average waveform in one period of the interference is estimated by event-synchronous (QRS-synchronous) averaging of the corrupted signal. In a second pass, an adaptive Schur recursive least squares (RLS) lattice filter is used to cancel the interference by using the event synchronously repeated estimated average waveform of the interference as an artificial reference signal. One key feature of this approach is that the ECG is only used for QRS synchronization and not directly as a reference signal for adaptive filtering. Thus the proposed algorithm can be applied to interference problems where ECG and true interference are almost synchronous but show considerably different waveforms. This is usually the case with the heart interference in biomedical signals. Both off-line and real-time implementations of the event synchronous interference canceller are described. The method is applied to the cancellation of the heart interference in magnetoencephalogram (MEG) signals and to the effective isolation of ventricular extrasystoles (VES) in magnetocardiogram (MCG) signals. Experimental results are shown. The new method typically attenuates the amplitudes of R-wave and T-wave interference components by an amplitude factor of 30 without influencing the MEG events of interest.},
  doi = {10.1109/10.284962},
  keywords = {2-pass adaptive filtering algorithm;QRS synchronization;R-wave interference;T-wave interference;adaptive Schur recursive least squares lattice filter;artificial reference signal;biomedical signals;event-synchronous averaging;event-synchronous cancellation;heart interference;magnetocardiogram;magnetoencephalogram;ventricular extrasystoles isolation;biomagnetism;brain;cardiology;electrocardiography;interference (signal);medical signal processing;Algorithms;Artifacts;Electrocardiography;Humans;Least-Squares Analysis;Magnetoencephalography;Models, Cardiovascular;Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted;},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2012.10.22}
}
@article{Sureau60,
  title = {Electrocardiographie foetale humaine normale},
  author = {Sureau, C.},
  journal = {Bull. Soc. Roy. Belg. Gynec. Obstet.},
  year = {1960},
  number = {2},
  pages = {123--151},
  volume = {30}
}
@article{Sur97,
  title = {{Additive noise effect in digital phase detection}},
  author = {Y. Surrel},
  journal = {Applied Optics},
  year = {1997},
  pages = {271-276},
  volume = {36},
  no = {1}
}
@article{Swami94,
  title = {{Multichannel ARMA processes}},
  author = {Swami, A. and Giannakis, G. and Shamsunder, S.},
  journal = {Signal Processing, IEEE Transactions on [see also Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, IEEE Transactions on]},
  year = {1994},
  month = {April},
  number = {4},
  pages = {898-913},
  volume = {42},
  doi = {10.1109/78.285653},
  issn = {1053-587X},
  keywords = {linear systems, matrix algebra, parameter estimation, signal processing, stochastic processes, time seriesKronecker product formulation, causal ARMA models, colored Gaussian noise, cumulant matching algorithm, frequency-domain methods, higher order statistics, linear equations, multichannel ARMA processes, multichannel time series, multiminimum phase assumption, nonparametric system identification, observed nonGaussian data, parameter estimation, parametric modeling, permutation matrix, postmultiplication, vector processes}
}
@book{Szirtes2007,
  title = {Applied Dimensional Analysis and Modeling},
  author = {Szirtes, T.},
  publisher = {Elsevier Science},
  year = {2007},
  isbn = {9780080555454},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2014.02.16}
}
@article{Taal2011,
  title = {An Algorithm for Intelligibility Prediction of Time-Frequency Weighted Noisy Speech},
  author = {Taal, C.H. and Hendriks, R.C. and Heusdens, R. and Jensen, J.},
  journal = {Audio, Speech, and Language Processing, IEEE Transactions on},
  year = {2011},
  month = {Sept},
  number = {7},
  pages = {2125-2136},
  volume = {19},
  doi = {10.1109/TASL.2011.2114881},
  issn = {1558-7916},
  keywords = {speech enhancement;speech intelligibility;intelligibility prediction;noise-reduction algorithm;noisy unprocessed speech;objective intelligibility model;objective machine-driven intelligibility measure;short-time objective intelligibility measure;speech intelligibility;time-frequency weighted noisy speech;Correlation;Noise measurement;Signal to noise ratio;Speech;Speech processing;Time frequency analysis;Noise reduction;objective measure;speech enhancement;speech intelligibility prediction},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2014.08.20}
}
@inproceedings{Taghia2012,
  title = {On mutual information as a measure of speech intelligibility},
  author = {Taghia, J. and Martin, R. and Hendriks, R.C.},
  booktitle = {Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP), 2012 IEEE International Conference on},
  year = {2012},
  month = {March},
  pages = {65-68},
  doi = {10.1109/ICASSP.2012.6287818},
  issn = {1520-6149},
  keywords = {information theory;speech enhancement;SNR;STOI;correlation-based comparison;frequency subband domain;information theory;mutual information;short-term objective intelligibility measure;signal-to-noise ratio;speech intelligibility measurement;Correlation;Estimation;Mutual information;Noise measurement;Random variables;Speech;Speech processing;Intelligibility prediction;mutual information;speech enhancement},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2014.08.20}
}
@article{taleb1999source,
  title = {Source separation in post-nonlinear mixtures},
  author = {Taleb, Anisse and Jutten, Christian},
  journal = {IEEE Transactions on signal Processing},
  year = {1999},
  number = {10},
  pages = {2807--2820},
  volume = {47},
  publisher = {IEEE}
}
@article{Tallon-Baudry2001,
  author = {Tallon-Baudry, Catherine and Bertrand, Olivier and Fischer, Catherine},
  journal = {J Neurosci},
  title = {Oscillatory synchrony between human extrastriate areas during visual short-term memory maintenance},
  year = {2001},
  number = {20},
  pages = {177},
  volume = {21},
  groups = {[sameni:]},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2016.10.01}
}
@article{tang1992synthesis,
  title = {The synthesis of the aortic valve closure sound of the dog by the mean filter of forward and backward predictor},
  author = {Tang, Yu and Danmin, Chen and Durand, L-G},
  journal = {Biomedical Engineering, IEEE Transactions on},
  year = {1992},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--8},
  volume = {39},
  publisher = {IEEE}
}
@article{TGR06,
  title = {{Time-varying analysis of heart rate variability signals with a {K}alman smoother algorithm}},
  author = {M. P. Tarvainen and S. D. Georgiadis and P. O. Ranta-aho and P. A. Karjalainen},
  journal = {Physiol. Meas.},
  year = {2006},
  month = {Mar.},
  pages = {225-239},
  volume = {27},
  no = {3}
}
@article{tarvainen2002advanced,
  title = {{An advanced detrending method with application to HRV analysis}},
  author = {Tarvainen, Mika P and Ranta-Aho, Perttu O and Karjalainen, Pasi A},
  journal = {IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering},
  year = {2002},
  number = {2},
  pages = {172--175},
  volume = {49}
}
@inproceedings{Tavakoli2006,
  title = {{Audio Watermarking for Covert Communication through Telephone System}},
  author = {Tavakoli, E. and Vahdat, B.V. and Shamsollahi, M.B. and Sameni, R.},
  booktitle = {IEEE International Symposium on Signal Processing and Information Technology, 2006},
  year = {2006},
  month = {Aug.},
  pages = {955--959},
  doi = {10.1109/ISSPIT.2006.270935},
  journal = {Signal Processing and Information Technology, 2006 IEEE International Symposium on}
}
@mastersthesis{BehnamTavakolMS2014,
  title = {{Distributed Component Analysis and its Applications in Biosignal Processing}},
  author = {Behnam Tavakol-Shoorjeh},
  school = {Biomedical Engineering, School of Electrical \& Computer Engineering, Shiraz University},
  year = {2014},
  month = {September},
  note = {Supervised by: Dr. Reza Sameni}
}
@article{TST03,
  title = {{Non-invasive fetal electrocardiography in singleton and multiple pregnancies}},
  author = {M. J. O. Taylor and M. J. Smith and M. Thomas and A. R. Green and F. Cheng and S. Oseku-Afful and L. Y. Wee and N. M. Fisk and H. M. Gardiner},
  journal = {BJOG: an International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology},
  year = {2003},
  month = {Jul.},
  pages = {668--678},
  volume = {110}
}
@article{terBrake2002,
  title = {{Fetal magnetocardiography: clinical relevance and feasibility}},
  author = {H.J.M. {ter Brake} and A.P. Rijpma and J.G. Stinstra and J. Borgmann and H.J. Holland and H.J.G. Krooshoop and M.J. Peters and J. Flokstra and H.W.P. Quartero and H. Rogalla},
  journal = {Physica C},
  year = {2002},
  month = {March},
  pages = {10--17},
  volume = {368},
  doi = {doi:10.1016/S0921-4534(01)01132-7},
  url = {http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/els/09214534/2002/00000368/00000001/art01132}
}
@article{Thakor1991,
  title = {{Application of adaptive filtering to ECG analysis{:} noise cancellation and arrhythmia detection}},
  author = {N. V. Thakor and Y. S. Zhu},
  journal = {{IEEE} Trans. Biomed. Eng.},
  year = {1991},
  pages = {785-794},
  volume = {38},
  no = {8},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2014.02.16}
}
@inproceedings{Thameri2012,
  title = {{New Algorithm For Adaptive BSS}},
  author = {Thameri, M. and AbedMeraim, K. and Belouchrani, A.},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Information Science, Signal Processing and their Applications (ISSPA), 2012},
  year = {2012},
  pages = {590--594},
  journal = {ISSPI},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2012.10.22}
}
@inproceedings{Thameri2011,
  title = {Fast principal component analysis and data whitening algorithms},
  author = {Thameri, M. and Kammoun, A. and Abed-Meraim, K. and Belouchrani, A.},
  booktitle = {Systems, Signal Processing and their Applications (WOSSPA), 2011 7th International Workshop on},
  year = {2011},
  month = {may},
  pages = {139 -142},
  doi = {10.1109/WOSSPA.2011.5931434},
  keywords = {PCA algorithm;data whitening algorithms;fast principal component analysis;fast-convergent algorithm;principal component extraction;principal subspace;signal processing technique;principal component analysis;signal processing;},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2012.10.22}
}
@article{Thatcher2009,
  author = {Thatcher, Robert W and North, Duane M and Neubrander, James and Biver, Carl J and Cutler, Stewart and DeFina, Phillip},
  journal = {Developmental neuropsychology},
  title = {{Autism and EEG phase reset: deficient GABA mediated inhibition in thalamo-cortical circuits}},
  year = {2009},
  number = {6},
  pages = {780--800},
  volume = {34},
  groups = {[sameni:]},
  owner = {sameni},
  publisher = {Taylor \& Francis},
  timestamp = {2016.10.01}
}
@incollection{Theis2010,
  title = {Robust Second-Order Source Separation Identifies Experimental Responses in Biomedical Imaging},
  author = {Theis, Fabian and M{\"u}ller, Nikola and Plant, Claudia and B{\"o}hm, Christian},
  booktitle = {Latent Variable Analysis and Signal Separation},
  publisher = {Springer Berlin / Heidelberg},
  year = {2010},
  editor = {Vigneron, Vincent and Zarzoso, Vicente and Moreau, Eric and Gribonval, R�mi and Vincent, Emmanuel},
  pages = {466-473},
  series = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science},
  volume = {6365},
  abstract = {Multidimensional biomedical imaging requires robust statistical analyses. Corresponding experiments such as EEG or FRAP commonly result in multiple time series. These data are classically characterized by recording response patterns to any kind of stimulation mixed with any degree of noise levels. Here, we want to detect the underlying signal sources such as these experimental responses in an unbiased fashion, and therefore extend and employ a source separation technique based on temporal autodecorrelation. Our extension first centers the data using a multivariate median, and then separates the sources based on approximate joint diagonalization of multiple sign autocovariance matrices.},
  affiliation = {IBIS, Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Germany},
  isbn = {978-3-642-15994-7},
  keyword = {Computer Science}
}
@article{ThulGRWZX04,
  title = {Effect of ocular artifact removal in brain computer interface accuracy.},
  author = {M. Thulasidas and C. Guan and S. Ranganatha and J. Wu and X. Zhu and W. Xu},
  journal = {Conf. Proc. IEEE Eng. Med. Biol. Soc.},
  year = {2004},
  pages = {4385--4388},
  volume = {6},
  abstract = {We report the effect of removing ocular artifacts on the performance of a word-processing application based on the event related potential P300. Various methods of removing artifacts have been reported. The efficiency of these algorithms are usually done by subjective visual comparisons. Noting that there is a direct correlation of artifact rectifying algorithms to the accuracy in a brain computer interface system's accuracy, we present this work as a means to compare different algorithms.},
  doi = {10.1109/IEMBS.2004.1404220},
  file = {ThulGRWZX04.pdf:ThulGRWZX04.pdf:PDF},
  owner = {Cedric Gouy-Pailler},
  pmid = {17271277},
  timestamp = {2007.02.09},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/IEMBS.2004.1404220}
}
@article{Tichavsky06,
  title = {Performance Analysis of the FastICA Algorithm and Cramer-Rao Bounds for Linear Independent Component Analysis},
  author = {P. Tichavsky and Z. Koldovsky and E. Oja},
  journal = {{IEEE} Trans. Signal Processing},
  year = {2006},
  number = {4},
  pages = {1189--1203},
  volume = {54}
}
@article{TichavskyNehorai1997,
  title = {Comparative study of four adaptive frequency trackers},
  author = {Tichavsky, P. and Nehorai, A.},
  journal = {Signal Processing, IEEE Transactions on},
  year = {1997},
  month = {jun},
  number = {6},
  pages = {1473 -1484},
  volume = {45},
  doi = {10.1109/78.599971},
  issn = {1053-587X},
  keywords = {SNR;adaptive estimation;adaptive frequency trackers;adaptive notch filter;adaptive retrieval;algorithms;comparative study;computer simulations;equilibrium state;high signal-to-noise ratio;hyperstable adaptive line enhancer;large data sample;linear filter approximation;local behavior;multiple frequency tracker;noise;single-cisoid;slowly time-varying multiple cisoids;adaptive estimation;adaptive filters;adaptive signal processing;approximation theory;filtering theory;notch filters;signal sampling;tracking filters;}
}
@inproceedings{toncharoen2009heart,
  title = {A heart-sound-like chaotic attractor and its synchronization},
  author = {Toncharoen, Chanet and Srisuchinwong, Banlue},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Electrical Engineering/ Electronics, Computer, Telecommunication and Information Technology, ECTI-CON},
  year = {2009},
  address = {Pattaya, Thailand},
  month = {May}
}
@article{Tong1991,
  title = {{Indeterminacy and identifiability of blind identification}},
  author = {L. Tong and R.-W. Liu and V.C. Soon and Y.-F. Huang},
  journal = {{IEEE} Trans. Circuits Syst.},
  year = {1991},
  month = {May},
  pages = {499--509},
  volume = {38},
  no = {5}
}
@inproceedings{Tong1990AMUSE,
  title = {AMUSE: a new blind identification algorithm},
  author = {Tong, L. and Soon, V.C. and Huang, Y. and Liu, R.},
  booktitle = {Circuits and Systems, 1990., IEEE International Symposium on},
  year = {1990},
  month = {May},
  pages = {1784-1787 vol.3},
  abstract = {The mathematical formulation of the blind identification problem is presented. Various theoretical properties are discussed. The AMUSE algorithm is derived on the basis of the necessary condition of source identifiability and shown to have good performance and wide application},
  doi = {10.1109/ISCAS.1990.111981},
  keywords = {identification;random noise;signal processing;AMUSE algorithm;blind identification algorithm;mathematical formulation;source identifiability;theoretical properties;Additive noise;Application software;Array signal processing;Equations;Filtering;Maximum likelihood estimation;Neurons;Signal processing;Signal processing algorithms;Speech recognition}
}
@mastersthesis{TorabiMS2018,
  title = {{Implementation of Artificial Neural Networks on FPGA with Scalable and parametric Design}},
  author = {Pejman Torabi},
  school = {Computer Architecture, School of Electrical \& Computer Engineering, Shiraz University},
  year = {2018},
  month = {February},
  note = {Supervised by: Dr. Reza Sameni}
}
@article{tran1995heart,
  title = {Heart sound simulator},
  author = {Tran, T and Jones, NB and Fothergill, JC},
  journal = {Medical and Biological Engineering and Computing},
  year = {1995},
  number = {3},
  pages = {357--359},
  volume = {33},
  publisher = {Springer}
}
@book{VanTrees2002arrayprocessing,
  title = {Detection, Estimation, and Modulation Theory, Part IV, Optimum Array Processing},
  author = {H. van-Trees},
  publisher = {John Wiley \& Sons},
  year = {2002}
}
@book{VanTrees2001detection,
  title = {{Detection, Estimation, and Modulation Theory. Part I}},
  author = {H. van-Trees},
  publisher = {John Wiley \& Sons},
  year = {2001}
}
@unpublished{Tsakalis,
  title = {{Stability, controllability, observability}},
  author = {K. S. Tsakalis},
  note = {{Lecture Notes}},
  month = {June},
  year = {2001},
  url = {http://tsakalis.faculty.asu.edu/notes/sco.pdf}
}
@article{Tsalaile2008,
  title = {{Sequential Blind Source Extraction For Quasi-Periodic Signals With Time-Varying Period}},
  author = {Thato Tsalaile and Reza Sameni and Saeid~Sanei and Christian Jutten and Jonathon Chambers},
  journal = {Biomedical Engineering, IEEE Transactions on},
  year = {2009},
  month = {March},
  number = {3},
  pages = {646--655},
  volume = {56},
  abstract = {A novel second-order-statistics-based sequential blind extraction algorithm for blind extraction of quasi-periodic signals, with time-varying period, is introduced in this paper. Source extraction is performed by sequentially converging to a solution that effectively diagonalizes autocorrelation matrices at lags corresponding to the time-varying period, which thereby explicitly exploits a key statistical nonstationary characteristic of the desired source. The algorithm is shown to have fast convergence and yields significant improvement in signal-to-interference ratio as compared to when the algorithm assumes a fixed period. The algorithm is further evaluated on the problem of separation of a heart sound signal from real-world lung sound recordings. Separation results confirm the utility of the introduced approach, and listening tests are employed to further corroborate the results.},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1109/TBME.2008.2002141}
}
@book{Tsui1986,
  title = {Microwave receivers with electronic warfare applications},
  author = {Tsui, J.B.},
  publisher = {Wiley},
  year = {1986},
  lccn = {lc85029554},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2014.06.25}
}
@inproceedings{Turqueti2010,
  title = {Real-time Independent Component Analysis Implementation and applications},
  author = {Turqueti, M. and Saniie, J. and Oruklu, E.},
  booktitle = {Real Time Conference (RT), 2010 17th IEEE-NPSS},
  year = {2010},
  month = {may},
  pages = {1 -7},
  abstract = {A common problem in disciplines such as high energy physics, biomedicine and acoustic signal processing is finding a suitable representation of multivariate data. Independent Component Analysis (ICA) is a recently developed mathematical tool that can recover independent source signals and is now mature enough to be implemented in real-time applications such as photomultipliers signal processing, magnetic resonance imaging and acoustic arrays. This technique is based on the assumption that signals from different sources are statistically independent and statistically independent signals can be extracted from mixture signals. ICA defines a model for the observed data that requires a large number of samples in order to establish the necessary statistics. The model assumes that the data variables are linear combination of unknown variables, the unknown variables are assumed to be non-Gaussian and independent. The goal then becomes to find a transformation in which the components are as statistical independent as possible from each other. This technique is related with methods such as principal component analysis and factor analysis. The ICA algorithm is computing intensive since it must accumulate and go through the signal samples performing complex operations. Efficient versions of the algorithm have being already deployed using different techniques such as the FastICA that can be implemented efficiently in hardware platforms such as DSP processors and FPGA's. In this paper, we present the ICA principles, implementation and current applications.},
  doi = {10.1109/RTC.2010.5750336},
  keywords = {DSP processors;FPGA;FastICA;acoustic arrays;acoustic signal processing;biomedicine;blind source separation;energy physics;factor analysis;magnetic resonance imaging;mathematical tool;multivariate data representation;photomultipliers signal processing;principal component analysis;real-time independent component analysis;acoustic arrays;blind source separation;data structures;independent component analysis;principal component analysis;},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2012.10.22}
}
@article{Ungureanu2006,
  author = {Ungureanu, M. and Wolf, W.M.},
  journal = {Biomedical Engineering, IEEE Transactions on},
  title = {Basic Aspects Concerning the Event-Synchronous Interference Canceller},
  year = {2006},
  issn = {0018-9294},
  month = {nov.},
  number = {11},
  pages = {2240 -2247},
  volume = {53},
  abstract = {The adaptive noise canceller (ANC) is a commonly used linear system method for noise reduction in cases where the disturbing noise can be separately recorded (reference signal) and is not correlated with the signal of interest. In case of a periodic disturbing signal, special solutions are described in literature. Problems, however, arise when the propagation of the noise from the source to the recording sensors passes nonlinear structures. An ANC modification proposed for this case by Strobach and applied by several other researchers, thus, uses an artificial reference signal, based on event triggered averaging of segments of the recorded wanted (but disturbed) signal in order to obtain a template for the repetitive distortion sequence and to construct the artificial reference signal. The effect of the averaging and the error introduced by this approximation of the real disturbing signal was not addressed in literature until now, thus, this paper presents some basic theoretical considerations on this topic. Methods are demonstrated in simulations and real biosignal processing, and application aspects are discussed},
  doi = {10.1109/TBME.2006.877119},
  keywords = {adaptive noise canceller;artificial reference signal;biosignal processing;disturbing noise;event-synchronous interference canceller;linear system method;noise reduction;periodic disturbing signal;repetitive distortion sequence;adaptive filters;electrocardiography;electromyography;medical signal processing;noise;},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2012.10.22}
}
@article{VaradyWBH03,
  title = {An advanced method in fetal phonocardiography},
  author = {P{\'e}ter V{\'a}rady and Ludwig Wildt and Zolt{\'a}n Beny{\'o} and Achim Hein},
  journal = {Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine},
  year = {2003},
  number = {3},
  pages = {283--296},
  volume = {71},
  bibsource = {DBLP, http://dblp.uni-trier.de},
  ee = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0169-2607(02)00111-6}
}
@article{Vaadia1995,
  author = {E. Vaadia and L. Haalman and M. Abeles and H. Bergman and Y. Prut and H. Slovin and A. Aertsen},
  journal = {Nature},
  title = {Dynamics of neuronal interactions in monkey cortex in relation to behavior events},
  year = {1995},
  pages = {515--518},
  volume = {373},
  groups = {[sameni:]},
  owner = {aras},
  timestamp = {2016.07.16}
}
@mastersthesis{BahmanVahabzadehMS2013,
  title = {{Study of Heart Rate Calculation Techniques and the Notion of Cardiac Signal Phase}},
  author = {Bahman Vahabzadeh},
  school = {Biomedical Engineering, School of Electrical \& Computer Engineering, Shiraz University},
  year = {2012},
  month = {February},
  note = {Supervised by: Dr. Reza Sameni}
}
@conference{Vahabzadeh2012,
  title = {{The Notion of Cardiac Phase and its Applications in Electrophysiological Studies}},
  author = {Bahman Vahabzadeh and Reza Sameni},
  booktitle = {Biomedical Engineering (BioMed 2012)},
  year = {2012},
  address = {Innsbruck, Austria},
  month = {February 15--17},
  abstract = {In this paper the cardiac phase is calculated using different methods based on time warping theory. The estimated phase is used for calculation of the heart rate (HR) signal. The results show that the estimated HR is similar to the HR calculated by using the RR-interval sequence. Unlike the RR-interval signal which is non-uniformly sampled, the proposed method for HR calculation is continuous in time. Therefore, conventional signal processing methods can be used to study the HR signal easily and without any preprocessing techniques like resampling and interpolations used in previous method.},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2012.07.10},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2316/P.2012.764-127}
}
@book{vaidyanathan1993multirate,
  title = {Multirate Systems and Filter Banks},
  author = {Vaidyanathan, P.P.},
  publisher = {Prentice Hall},
  year = {1993},
  series = {Prentice Hall Signal Processing Series}
}
@inproceedings{Valizadeh2007,
  title = {A novel algorithm for signal subspace tracking based on a new subspace information criterion},
  author = {Valizadeh, A. and Mohammadian, R. and Rafiei, A. and Rafati, A.},
  booktitle = {Information, Communications Signal Processing, 2007 6th International Conference on},
  year = {2007},
  month = {dec.},
  pages = {1 -4},
  abstract = {In this paper, we present a new algorithm for tracking the signal subspace recursively. It is based on a new interpretation of the signal subspace. We introduce a novel information criterion for signal subspace estimation. We show that the solution of the proposed constrained optimization problem results the signal subspace. In addition, we introduce three adaptive algorithms which can be used for real time implementation of the signal subspace tracking. The computational complexity of the proposed signal subspace tracking algorithms are O(nr 2) which is much less than the direct computation of singular value decomposition or even some algorithms. Simulation results in the direction of arrival (DOA) tracking context depict excellent performance of the proposed algorithm.},
  doi = {10.1109/ICICS.2007.4449774},
  keywords = {adaptive algorithm;computational complexity;constrained optimization problem;direction of arrival tracking;recursive signal subspace tracking algorithm;signal subspace estimation;signal subspace interpretation;singular value decomposition;subspace information criterion;computational complexity;information theory;signal processing;singular value decomposition;},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2012.10.22}
}
@article{Geijn96,
  title = {{Developments in CTG analysis}},
  author = {H. P. {van Geijn}},
  journal = {{Baillieres Clin Obstet Gynaecol.}},
  year = {1996},
  month = {June},
  number = {2},
  pages = {185--209},
  volume = {10},
  abstract = {FHR monitoring has been the subject of many debates. The technique, in itself, can be considered to be accurate and reliable both in the antenatal period, when using the Doppler signal in combination with autocorrelation techniques, and during the intrapartum period, in particular when the FHR signal can be obtained from a fetal ECG electrode placed on the presenting part. The major problems with FHR monitoring relate to the reading and interpretation of the CTG tracings. Since the FHR pattern is primarily an expression of the activity of the control by the central and peripheral nervous system over cardiovascular haemodynamics, it is possibly too indirect a signal. In other specialities such as neonatology, anaesthesiology and cardiology, monitoring and graphic display of heart rate patterns have not gained wide acceptance among clinicians. Digitized archiving, numerical analysis and even more advanced techniques, as described in this chapter, have primarily found a place in obstetrics. This can be easily explained, since the obstetrician is fully dependent on indirectly collected information regarding the fetal condition, such as (a) movements experienced by the mother, observed with ultrasound or recorded with kinetocardiotocography (Schmidt, 1994), (b) perfusion of various vessels, as assessed by Doppler velocimetry, (c) the amount of amniotic fluid or (d) changes reflected in the condition of the mother, such as the development of gestation-induced hypertension and (e) the easily, continuously obtainable FHR signal. It is of particular comfort to the obstetrician that a normal FHR tracing reliably predicts the birth of the infant in a good condition, which makes cardiotocography so attractive for widespread application. However, in the intrapartum period, many traces cannot fulfil the criteria of normality, especially in the second stage. In this respect, cardiotocography remains primarily a screening and not so much a diagnostic method. As long as continuous monitoring of fetal acid-base balance has not been extensively tested in clinical practice, microblood sampling of the fetal presenting part (Saling, 1994) is a useful adjunct. The problem with non-normal tracings is that their significance is very often unclear. They may indicate serious fetal distress, finally resulting in preventable destruction of critical areas in the fetal brain and damage to various organs; or, on the contrary, they may indicate temporary changes in cardiovascular control as a reaction to the intermittent effects on fetal haemodynamics of, for example, uterine contractions, whether or not in combination with partial or complete compression of umbilical cord vessels or the vessels on the chorionic plate (van Geijn, 1994). Many factors influence the FHR and its variability, which further complicates the interpretation of FHR patterns; some have been discussed here in some detail. Undoubtedly, there is a need for quantitative and objective FHR analysis, as long as it does not lead to erroneous results. Close collaboration between engineers and clinicians is a prerequisite for further advances in this field. Decision support systems certainly have a future but only if they are able to take into account a large set of clinical data and can combine it with data obtained from FHR signals and other parameters referring to the fetal condition, such as fetal growth, Doppler velocimetry, amniotic fluid volume and biochemical and biophysical data obtained from the mother. Basic technical concepts inherent in computerized CTG analysis, such as sampling rate (Chang et al, 1995), signal loss, artefact detection (van Geijn et al, 1980), further processing of intervals, archiving in digitized format and monitor display, should receive considerable attention. There is still a long way to go until decision support systems find their way into obstetric practice. Further developments can only be achieved thanks to efforts of many basic and clinical researchers, working in a harmonious environment with adequate funding.},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2010.03.07}
}
@inproceedings{VanLeeuwen2010,
  title = {Detecting gross fetal movements using fetal magnetocardiography},
  author = {Van Leeuwen, Peter and Geue, Daniel and Gr{\"o}nemeyer, Dietrich HW and others},
  booktitle = {17th International Conference on Biomagnetism Advances in Biomagnetism--Biomag2010},
  year = {2010},
  organization = {Springer},
  pages = {258--261},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2016.10.01}
}
@article{Leeuwen1999,
  title = {Fetal heart rate variability and complexity in the course of pregnancy},
  author = {P. {van Leeuwen} and S. Lange and H. Bettermann and D. Gr?nemeyer and W. Hatzmann},
  journal = {Early Hum Dev},
  year = {1999},
  month = {Apr},
  number = {3},
  pages = {259--269},
  volume = {54},
  abstract = {Aim of this study was the examination of fetal heart rate variability and complexity measures during pregnancy using fetal magnetocardiography. We registered 80 fetal magnetocardiograms in 19 healthy fetuses between the 16th and 41st week of gestation. On the basis of beat to beat intervals, mean RR interval (mRR), its standard deviation (SD), root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD), as well as complexity variables such as dimension (ApD1), entropy (ApEn), Lyapunov exponent (ApML) and trajectory divergence rate (p) were calculated for each recording. Dependency of these variables on gestational age was evaluated with correlation analysis. All variables changed consistently over time. RMSSD showed the strongest dependency on gestational age, followed closely by ApEn, SD and p. ApD1 and mRR showed only weak dependency. We conclude that magnetocardiography is well suited to register fetal cardiac activity with sufficient accuracy to permit detailed analysis of various heart rate variables during the second and third trimester of pregnancy. The observed increases in heart rate variability and complexity of fetuses most likely reflect differing but overlapping aspects of fetal development. They may be linked to the maturation of the autonomic nervous system and could aid in the timely identification of pathological conditions.},
  institution = {Department of Biomagnetism, Research and Development Center for Microtherapy (EFMT), Bochum, Germany. petervl@microtherapy.de},
  keywords = {Adult; Female; Fetal Monitoring; Gestational Age; Heart Function Tests; Heart Rate, Fetal; Humans; Magnetics; Pregnancy; Sensitivity and Specificity},
  owner = {Reza Sameni},
  pii = {S0378378298001029},
  pmid = {10321792},
  timestamp = {2008.05.11}
}
@article{vanLeeuwen2004,
  title = {{Dependency of magnetocardiographically determined fetal cardiac time intervals on gestational age, gender and postnatal biometrics in healthy pregnancies}},
  author = {P. {van Leeuwen} and S. Lange and A. Klein and D. Geue and D. HW Gr\"unemeyer},
  journal = {{BMC Pregnancy Childbirth}},
  year = {2004},
  number = {1},
  pages = {6},
  volume = {4},
  doi = {10.1186/1471-2393-4-6},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2008.05.07}
}
@book{van2004detection,
  title = {Detection, Estimation, and Modulation Theory},
  author = {Van Trees, H.L.},
  publisher = {Wiley},
  year = {2004},
  series = {Detection, Estimation, and Modulation Theory},
  isbn = {9780471463825}
}
@inproceedings{VanVeen1992,
  title = {Localization of intra-cerebral sources of electrical activity via linearly constrained minimum variance spatial filtering},
  author = {Van Veen, B. and Joseph, J. and Hecox, K.},
  booktitle = {IEEE Sixth SP Workshop on Statistical Signal and Array Processing},
  year = {1992},
  month = {7-9 Oct 1992},
  pages = {526--529},
  journal = {Proc. of 6th SP IEEE Workshop Statistical Signal and Array Processing},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2012.10.22}
}
@article{VanVeen1997,
  title = {Localization of brain electrical activity via linearly constrained minimum variance spatial filtering},
  author = {Van Veen,B. D. and Van Drongelen,W. and Yuchtman,M. and Suzuki,A.},
  journal = {IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng},
  year = {1997},
  pages = {867�880},
  volume = {44},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2012.10.22}
}
@article{Zaen2010,
  author = {{van} Zaen, J\'er\^ome and Uldry, Laurent and Duch\^ene, C\'edric and Prudat, Yann and Meuli, Reto A. and Murray, Micah M. and Vesin, Jean-Marc},
  title = {Adaptive tracking of {EEG} oscillations},
  journal = {Journal of {N}euroscience {M}ethods},
  year = {2010},
  volume = {186},
  number = {1},
  pages = {97--106},
  abstract = {Neuronal oscillations are an important aspect of EEG recordings. These oscillations are supposed to be involved in several cognitive mechanisms. For instance, oscillatory activity is considered a key component for the top-down control of perception. However, measuring this activity and its influence requires precise extraction of frequency components. This processing is not straightforward. Particularly, difficulties with extracting oscillations arise due to their time-varying characteristics. Moreover, when phase information is needed, it is of the utmost importance to extract narrow-band signals. This paper presents a novel method using adaptive filters for tracking and extracting these time-varying oscillations. This scheme is designed to maximize the oscillatory behavior at the output of the adaptive filter. It is then capable of tracking an oscillation and describing its temporal evolution even during low amplitude time segments. Moreover, this method can be extended in order to track several oscillations simultaneously and to use multiple signals. These two extensions are particularly relevant in the framework of EEG data processing, where oscillations are active at the same time in different frequency bands and signals are recorded with multiple sensors. The presented tracking scheme is first tested with synthetic signals in order to highlight its capabilities. Then it is applied to data recorded during a visual shape discrimination experiment for assessing its usefulness during EEG processing and in detecting functionally relevant changes. This method is an interesting additional processing step for providing alternative information compared to classical time-frequency analyses and for improving the detection and analysis of cross-frequency couplings.},
  affiliation = {EPFL},
  comment = {REVIEWED},
  details = {http://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/146703},
  doi = {10.1016/j.jneumeth.2009.10.018},
  extra-id = {000274761200015},
  keywords = {Adaptive tracking; Neuronal oscillations; Cross-frequency couplings; EEG},
  oai-id = {oai:infoscience.epfl.ch:146703},
  oai-set = {article},
  status = {PUBLISHED},
  unit = {ASPG}
}
@misc{Vandenberghe1993,
  title = {{Fetal behaviour. Development and perinatal aspects: Edited by JG Nijhuis Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1992 ISBN 019 2620894 283 pp.(Fig. and tables)}},
  author = {Vandenberghe, K},
  year = {1993},
  owner = {sameni},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  timestamp = {2016.10.01}
}
@article{Vand87,
  title = {{Two methods for optimal MECG elimination and FECG detection from skin electrode signals}},
  author = {Vanderschoot, J. and Callaerts, D. and Sansen, W. and Vandewalle, J. and Vantrappen, G. and Janssens, J.},
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}
@article{Varela2001,
  author = {F. J. Varela and J. P. Lachaux and E. Rodriguez and J. Martinerie},
  journal = {Nature Reviews N},
  title = {The brainweb: phase synchronization and large-scale integration},
  year = {2001},
  pages = {229--239},
  volume = {2},
  groups = {[sameni:]},
  owner = {aras},
  timestamp = {2016.07.16}
}
@misc{Vas2014,
  title = {{Mathematical Modeling}},
  author = {Lia Vas},
  howpublished = {Lecture Notes},
  year = {2014},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2014.02.16},
  url = {http://www.usciences.edu/~lvas/}
}
@article{VigaSJHO00,
  title = {Independent component approach to the analysis of {EEG} and {MEG} recordings.},
  author = {R. Vigario and J. Sarela and V. Jousmaki and M. Hamalainen and E. Oja},
  journal = {IEEE Trans Biomed Eng},
  year = {2000},
  month = {May},
  number = {5},
  pages = {589--593},
  volume = {47},
  abstract = {Multichannel recordings of the electromagnetic fields emerging from neural currents in the brain generate large amounts of data. Suitable feature extraction methods are, therefore, useful to facilitate the representation and interpretation of the data. Recently developed independent component analysis (ICA) has been shown to be an efficient tool for artifact identification and extraction from electroencephalographic ({EEG}) and magnetoencephalographic (MEG) recordings. In addition, ICA has been applied to the analysis of brain signals evoked by sensory stimuli. This paper reviews our recent results in this field.},
  file = {VigaSJHO00.pdf:VigaSJHO00.pdf:PDF},
  keywords = {Algorithms; Artifacts; Electroencephalography; Evoked Potentials, Auditory; Evoked Potentials, Somatosensory; Humans; Magnetoencephalography; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted},
  owner = {Cedric Gouy-Pailler},
  pmid = {10851802},
  timestamp = {2007.01.09}
}
@article{Vigneron2003,
  author = {Vigneron, V. and Paraschiv-Ionescu, A. and Azancot, A. and Sibony, O. and Jutten, C.},
  journal = {Signal Processing and Its Applications, 2003. Proceedings. Seventh International Symposium on},
  title = {{Fetal electrocardiogram extraction based on non-stationary ICA and wavelet denoising}},
  year = {1-4 July 2003},
  pages = {69--72 vol.2},
  volume = {2},
  doi = {10.1109/ISSPA.2003.1224817},
  keywords = {electrocardiography, independent component analysis, medical signal processing, obstetrics, signal denoising, wavelet transforms fetal electrocardiogram monitoring, fetal heart, fetus, higher order statistical tools, measuring electrical signals, mother body surface, nonstationary ICA, pregnancy, wavelet denoising}
}
@article{Vintzileos95,
  title = {Intrapartum electronic fetal heart rate monitoring versus intermittent auscultation: a meta-analysis},
  author = {Vintzileos, A. M. and Nochimson, D.J. and Guzman, E. R. and Knuppel, R. A. and Lake, M. and Schifrin, B. S.},
  journal = {Obstet Gynecol},
  year = {1995},
  number = {1},
  pages = {149-55},
  volume = {85},
  optvolume = {85}
}
@article{voytek2010shifts,
  title = {Shifts in gamma phase--amplitude coupling frequency from theta to alpha over posterior cortex during visual tasks},
  author = {Voytek, Bradley and Canolty, Ryan T and Shestyuk, Avgusta and Crone, Nathan and Parvizi, Josef and Knight, Robert T},
  journal = {Frontiers in human neuroscience},
  year = {2010},
  pages = {191},
  volume = {4},
  publisher = {Frontiers}
}
@inbook{Vrba2000,
  title = {{Applications of Superconductivity}},
  author = {J. Vrba},
  chapter = {{Multichannel SQUID biomagnetic systems}},
  editor = {H. Weinstock},
  pages = {61--138},
  publisher = {{Kluwer Academic Publishers}},
  year = {2000},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2012.10.23}
}
@article{Vrba2004,
  title = {{Fetal MEG redistribution by projection operators}},
  author = {J. Vrba and S.E. Robinson and J. McCubbin and C.L. Lowery and H. Eswaran and J.D. Wilson and P. Murphy and H. Preissl},
  journal = {{IEEE Trans Biomed Eng}},
  year = {2004},
  pages = {1207--1218},
  volume = {51},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2012.10.22}
}
@article{vrba2004hum,
  title = {Human fetal brain imaging by magnetoencephalography: verification of fetal brain signals by comparison with fetal brain models.},
  author = {Vrba, J. and Robinson, S.E. and McCubbin, J. and Murphy, P. and Eswaran, H. and Wilson, J.D. and Preissl, H. and Lowery, C.L.},
  journal = {Neuroimage},
  year = {2004},
  number = {3},
  pages = {1009-20},
  volume = {21}
}
@book{deVriens2006,
  title = {A Course in Mathematical Biology: Quantitative Modeling with Mathematical and Computational Methods},
  author = {de Vries, G. and Hillen, T. and Lewis, M. and Sch{\~o}nfisch, B. and Muller, J.},
  publisher = {Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics},
  year = {2006},
  series = {Monographs on Mathematical Modeling and Computation},
  isbn = {9780898716122},
  lccn = {06044305}
}
@inproceedings{Vrins04b,
  title = {Sensor Array and Electrode Selection for Non-Invasive Fetal Electrocardiogram Extraction by Independent Component Analysis},
  author = {F. Vrins and C. Jutten and M. Verleysen},
  booktitle = {Independent Componenent Analysis and Blind Signal Separation},
  year = {2004},
  editor = {C.G. Puntonet , A. Prieto},
  pages = {1017--1024},
  publisher = {Springer},
  series = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS 3195)},
  isbn = {3-540-23056-4}
}
@inproceedings{Vrins03,
  title = {Improving Independent Component Analysis Performances by Variable Selection},
  author = {F. Vrins and J. A. Lee and M. Verleysen and V. Vigneron and C. Jutten},
  booktitle = {NNSP 2003, 13th IEEE Signal Processing Workshop on Neural Networks for Signal Processing},
  year = {2003},
  address = {Toulouse (France)},
  pages = {359--368},
  date = {September 17-19}
}
@inproceedings{Vrins04a,
  title = {Abdominal Electrodes Analysis by Statistical Processing for Fetal Electrocardiogram Extraction},
  author = {F. Vrins and V. Vigneron and C. Jutten and M. Verleysen},
  booktitle = {BioMed 2004, 2nd IASTED Int. Conf. on Biomedical Engineering},
  year = {2004},
  address = {Innsbruck (Austria)},
  pages = {244--249},
  date = {February 16-18}
}
@article{Vullings2013,
  title = {{Novel Bayesian vectorcardiographic loop alignment for improved monitoring of ECG and fetal movement}},
  author = {Vullings, Rik and Mischi, Massimo and Oei, S Guid and Bergmans, Jan WM},
  journal = {Biomedical Engineering, IEEE Transactions on},
  year = {2013},
  number = {6},
  pages = {1580--1588},
  volume = {60},
  owner = {sameni},
  publisher = {IEEE},
  timestamp = {2016.10.01}
}
@inproceedings{Vullings2007,
  title = {Artifact reduction in maternal abdominal ECG recordings for fetal ECG estimation},
  author = {Vullings, R. and Peters, C. and Mischi, M. and Sluijter, R. and Oei, G. and Bergmans, J.},
  booktitle = {Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, 2007. EMBS 2007. 29th Annual International Conference of the IEEE},
  year = {2007},
  month = {aug.},
  pages = {43 -46},
  abstract = {Monitoring the fetal electrocardiogram (1ECG) is currently one of the most promising methods to assess fetal health. However, the main problem associated with this method is that the signals recorded from the maternal abdomen are affected by noise and interferences: the maternal electrocardiogram (mECG) being the dominant interference. In this paper a mECG removal technique is described, which is based on dynamic segmentation of the mECG and subsequent linear prediction of the mECG segments. Moreover, as the linear prediction is significantly affected by artifacts, a signal validation technique is presented to suppress the effect of artifacts on the mECG prediction. The performance of the presented technique is evaluated by comparison to the performance of three other mECG removal techniques: the presented technique outperforms the other techniques for all recordings.},
  doi = {10.1109/IEMBS.2007.4352218},
  issn = {1557-170X},
  keywords = {artifact reduction;dominant interference suppression;dynamic segmentation;fetal electrocardiogram monitoring;fetal health;linear prediction;mECG removal technique;maternal abdominal ECG recordings;signal validation technique;bioelectric phenomena;electrocardiography;interference suppression;medical signal processing;obstetrics;patient monitoring;},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2012.10.22}
}
@article{Vullings2009,
  title = {Dynamic segmentation and linear prediction for maternal ECG removal in antenatal abdominal recordings.},
  author = {Vullings, R and Peters, C H L and Sluijter, R J and Mischi, M and Oei, S G and Bergmans, J W M},
  journal = {Physiol Meas},
  year = {2009},
  number = {3},
  pages = {291-307},
  volume = {30},
  issn = {0967-3334},
  owner = {sameni},
  pubmedid = {19223679},
  timestamp = {2012.10.22},
  url = {http://www.biomedsearch.com/nih/Dynamic-segmentation-linear-prediction-maternal/19223679.html}
}
@article{Wakai2006,
  author = {R.T. Wakai and M. Chen and B.D. {van Veen}},
  journal = {IEEE Trans Biomed Eng},
  title = {{Linear minimum mean-square error filtering for evoked responses: application to fetal MEG}},
  year = {2006},
  pages = {959 - 963},
  volume = {53},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2012.10.22}
}
@article{Wakai2003,
  title = {Magnetocardiographic rhythm patterns at initiation and termination of fetal supraventricular tachycardia},
  author = {Wakai, RT and Strasburger, JF and Li, Z and Deal, BJ and Gotteiner, NL},
  journal = {Circulation},
  year = {2003},
  number = {2},
  pages = {307--312},
  volume = {107},
  owner = {sameni},
  publisher = {Am Heart Assoc},
  timestamp = {2016.10.01}
}
@article{Wakai2004,
  title = {Assessment of fetal neurodevelopment via fetal magnetocardiography.},
  author = {Ronald T Wakai},
  journal = {Exp Neurol},
  year = {2004},
  month = {Nov},
  pages = {S65--S71},
  volume = {190 Suppl 1},
  abstract = {Fetal magnetocardiography (fMCG) offers unique capabilities for assessment of fetal heart rate (FHR) and fetal behavior, which are fundamental aspects of neurodevelopment. The most important attribute of fMCG for FHR monitoring is its high precision, which allows accurate assessment of beat-to-beat fetal heart rate variability (FHRV), including respiratory sinus arrhythmia. Using mathematical indices to assess FHRV, we find that short- and long-term FHRV both increase during gestation but not in the same manner. The largest increases in short-term FHRV occur during the last trimester, while the largest increases in long-term FHRV occur early on, with smaller changes occurring during the last trimester. The fMCG also allows assessment of fetal activity. This results from the high sensitivity of the signal to the position and orientation of the fetal heart. FMCG actograms are therefore specific for fetal trunk movement, which are thought to be more important than isolated extremity movements and other small fetal movements. The ability to assess FHR, FHRV, and fetal trunk movement simultaneously makes fMCG a valuable tool for neurodevelopment research.},
  doi = {10.1016/j.expneurol.2004.04.019},
  institution = {Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA. rtwakai@wisc.edu},
  keywords = {Electrocardiography; Female; Fetal Development; Fetal Movement; Fetus; Gestational Age; Heart Rate, Fetal; Humans; Magnetics; Nervous System; Nervous System Physiology; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Trimester, Second; Pregnancy Trimester, Third; Sensitivity and Specificity},
  owner = {sameni},
  pii = {S0014488604001694},
  pmid = {15498544},
  timestamp = {2008.05.13},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.expneurol.2004.04.019}
}
@article{Wakai2002a,
  title = {{Matched-filter template generation via spatial filtering: Application to fetal biomagnetic recordings}},
  author = {R. T. Wakai and W. J. Lutter},
  journal = {IEEE Trans Biomed Eng},
  year = {2002},
  month = {Octobr},
  pages = {1214--1217},
  volume = {49},
  booktitle = {{IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng.}},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2012.10.22}
}
@manual{Wan05,
  title = {{ReBEL{:} Recursive Bayesian Estimation Library}},
  author = {E. {Wan \textit{et al.}}},
  url = {http://choosh.ece.ogi.edu/rebel/}
}
@article{Wan06,
  title = {Artifact reduction for simultaneous {EEG/fMRI} recording: Adaptive FIR reduction of imaging artifacts},
  author = {Wan, Xiaohong and Iwata, Kazuki and Riera, Jorge and Kitamura, Masaharu and Kawashima, Ryuta},
  journal = {Clinical Neurophysiology},
  year = {2006},
  month = {March},
  number = {3},
  pages = {681--692},
  volume = {117},
  abstract = {Objective We present a new method of effectively removing imaging artifacts of electroencephalography (EEG) and extensively conserving the time-frequency features of EEG signals during simultaneous functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanning under conventional conditions.Methods Under the conventional conditions of a 5000 Hz EEG sampling rate, but in the absence of the MRI slice-timing signals, the imaging artifact during each slice scanning is theoretically inferred to be a linear combination of the average artifact waveform and its derivatives, deduced by band-limited Taylor's expansion. Technically, the imaging artifact reduction algorithm is equivalent to an adaptive finite impulse response (FIR) filter.Results The capability of this novel method removing the imaging artifacts of EEG recording during fMRI scanning has been demonstrated by a phantom experiment. Moreover, the effectiveness of this method in conserving the time-frequency features of EEG activity has been evaluated by both visually evoked experiments and alpha waves.Conclusions The adaptive FIR method is an effective method of removing the imaging artifacts under conventional conditions, and also conserving the time-frequency EEG signals.Significance The proposed adaptive FIR method, removing the imaging artifacts, combined with the wavelet-based non-linear noise reduction (WNNR) method [Wan X, Iwata K, Riera J, Ozaki T, Kitamura M, Kawashima R. Artifact reduction for EEG/fMRI recording: Nonlinear reduction of ballistocardiogram artifacts. Clin Neurophysiol 2006;117:668-80], reducing the ballistocardiogram artifacts (BAs), makes it feasible to obtain accurate EEG signals from the simultaneous EEG recordings during fMRI scanning.},
  citeulike-article-id = {1076299},
  doi = {10.1016/j.clinph.2005.07.025},
  keywords = {eeg fmri},
  priority = {2},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2005.07.025}
}
@inproceedings{weiss99segmentation,
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  pages = {975-982},
  url = {citeseer.ist.psu.edu/weiss99segmentation.html}
}
@article{Weixue96,
  title = {{Computer simulation of epicardial potentials using a heart-torso model with realistic geometry}},
  author = {Weixue, L. and Ling, X.},
  journal = {Biomedical Engineering, IEEE Transactions on},
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  month = feb,
  pages = {211-217},
  volume = {43},
  no = {2}
}
@article{Westerhuis07,
  title = {A randomised clinical trial on cardiotocography plus fetal blood sampling versus cardiotocography plus ST-analysis of the fetal electrocardiogram (STAN(R)) for intrapartum monitoring},
  author = {Westerhuis, Michelle and Moons, Karel and van Beek, Erik and Bijvoet, Saskia and Drogtrop, Addy and van Geijn, Herman and van Lith, Jan and Mol, Ben and Nijhuis, Jan and Oei, S Guid and Porath, Martina and Rijnders, Robbert and Schuitemaker, Nico and van der Tweel, Ingeborg and Visser, Gerard and Willekes, Christine and Kwee, Anneke},
  journal = {BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth},
  year = {2007},
  number = {1},
  pages = {13},
  volume = {7},
  abstract = {BACKGROUND:Cardiotocography (CTG) is worldwide the method for fetal surveillance during labour. However, CTG alone shows many false positive test results and without fetal blood sampling (FBS), it results in an increase in operative deliveries without improvement of fetal outcome. FBS requires additional expertise, is invasive and has often to be repeated during labour. Two clinical trials have shown that a combination of CTG and ST-analysis of the fetal electrocardiogram (ECG) reduces the rates of metabolic acidosis and instrumental delivery. However, in both trials FBS was still performed in the ST-analysis arm, and it is therefore still unknown if the observed results were indeed due to the ST-analysis or to the use of FBS in combination with ST-analysis.METHODS/DESIGN:We aim to evaluate the effectiveness of non-invasive monitoring (CTG + ST-analysis) as compared to normal care (CTG + FBS), in a multicentre randomised clinical trial setting. Secondary aims are: 1) to judge whether ST-analysis of fetal electrocardiogram can significantly decrease frequency of performance of FBS or even replace it; 2) perform a cost analysis to establish the economic impact of the two treatment options.Women in labour with a gestational age [greater than or equal to] 36 weeks and an indication for CTG-monitoring can be included in the trial.Eligible women will be randomised for fetal surveillance with CTG and, if necessary, FBS or CTG combined with ST-analysis of the fetal ECG.The primary outcome of the study is the incidence of serious metabolic acidosis (defined as pH < 7.05 and Bdecf > 12 mmol/L in the umbilical cord artery). Secondary outcome measures are: instrumental delivery, neonatal outcome (Apgar score, admission to a neonatal ward), incidence of performance of FBS in both arms and cost-effectiveness of both monitoring strategies across hospitals.The analysis will follow the intention to treat principle. The incidence of metabolic acidosis will be compared across both groups. Assuming a reduction of metabolic acidosis from 3.5% to 2.1 %, using a two-sided test with an alpha of 0.05 and a power of 0.80, in favour of CTG plus ST-analysis, about 5100 women have to be randomised. Furthermore, the cost-effectiveness of CTG and ST-analysis as compared to CTG and FBS will be studied.DISCUSSION:This study will provide data about the use of intrapartum ST-analysis with a strict protocol for performance of FBS to limit its incidence. We aim to clarify to what extent intrapartum ST-analysis can be used without the performance of FBS and in which cases FBS is still needed.TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER:ISRCTN95732366},
  doi = {10.1186/1471-2393-7-13},
  issn = {1471-2393},
  pubmedid = {17655764},
  url = {http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2393/7/13}
}
@article{Westgate01,
  title = {ST waveform changes during repeated umbilical cord occlusions in near-term fetal sheep},
  author = {Westgate, JA and Bennet, L and Brabyn, C and Williams, CE and Gunn, AJ},
  journal = {Am J Obstet Gynecol},
  year = {2001},
  pages = {743-751},
  volume = {184},
  doi = {10.1067/mob.2001.111932},
  pubmedid = {11262482}
}
@article{Westgate92,
  title = {Randomised trial of cardiotocography alone or with ST waveform analysis for intrapartum monitoring},
  author = {J. Westgate and M. Harris and J. S. H. Curnow and K. R. Greene},
  journal = {The Lancet},
  year = {1992},
  number = {8813},
  pages = {194 - 198},
  volume = {340},
  doi = {DOI: 10.1016/0140-6736(92)90465-F},
  issn = {0140-6736},
  url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6T1B-49K5G3B-7H/2/821ed8d2f7a9e29f6c095caeae5df4ea}
}
@article{Widrow75,
  title = {{Adaptive Noise Cancelling: Principles and Applications}},
  author = {B. Widrow and J. Glover and J.M. McCool and J. Kaunitz and C.S. Williams and H.R. Hearn and J.R. Zeidler and E. Dong and R.C. Goodlin},
  journal = {Proc. {IEEE}},
  year = {1975},
  number = {12},
  pages = {1692--1716},
  volume = {63}
}
@book{widrow2008quantization,
  title = {Quantization Noise: Roundoff Error in Digital Computation, Signal Processing, Control, and Communications},
  author = {Widrow, B. and Koll{\'a}r, I.},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {2008},
  isbn = {9781139472845}
}
@article{XIA2007,
  title = {Online Wavelet Denoising via a Moving Window},
  author = {Rui Xia and Ke Meng and Feng Qian and Zhen-Lei Wang},
  journal = {Acta Automatica Sinica},
  year = {2007},
  number = {9},
  pages = {897 - 901},
  volume = {33},
  doi = {10.1360/aas-007-0897},
  issn = {1874-1029},
  url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1874102907600421}
}
@article{Xu2007,
  title = {{Marginal Fisher Analysis and Its Variants for Human Gait Recognition and Content Based Image Retrieval}},
  author = {D. Xu and S. Yan and D. Tao and S. Lin and H. Zhang},
  journal = {{IEEE} Trans. Image Processing},
  year = {2007},
  month = {November},
  number = {11},
  pages = {2811-2821},
  volume = {16},
  url = {www.ntu.edu.sg/home/dongxu/TIP-MFASingle.pdf}
}
@article{xu2000nonlinear,
  title = {Nonlinear transient chirp signal modeling of the aortic and pulmonary components of the second heart sound},
  author = {Xu, Jingping and Durand, L-G and Pibarot, Philippe},
  journal = {Biomedical Engineering, IEEE Transactions on},
  year = {2000},
  number = {10},
  pages = {1328--1335},
  volume = {47},
  publisher = {IEEE}
}
@inproceedings{xu2003document,
  title = {Document clustering based on non-negative matrix factorization},
  author = {Xu, Wei and Liu, Xin and Gong, Yihong},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 26th annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in informaion retrieval},
  year = {2003},
  organization = {ACM},
  pages = {267--273}
}
@article{Yilmaz2004,
  author = {Y{\i}lmaz, O. and Rickard, S.},
  journal = {Signal Processing, IEEE Transactions on},
  title = {Blind separation of speech mixtures via time-frequency masking},
  year = {2004},
  issn = {1053-587X},
  month = {July},
  number = {7},
  pages = {1830-1847},
  volume = {52},
  doi = {10.1109/TSP.2004.828896},
  keywords = {blind source separation, maximum likelihood estimation, speech processing, time-frequency analysis W-disjoint orthogonality, blind separation, demixing, maximum likelihood mixing parameter estimators, power weighted two-dimensional histogram, speech mixtures, speech signals, time-frequency masking, time-frequency representations}
}
@inproceedings{DBLPconfeccvYanT06,
  title = {{Trace Quotient Problems Revisited}},
  author = {Shuicheng Yan and Xiaoou Tang},
  booktitle = {ECCV (2)},
  year = {2006},
  pages = {232--244},
  bibsource = {DBLP, http://dblp.uni-trier.de},
  ee = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11744047_18}
}
@article{Yang1995,
  title = {Projection approximation subspace tracking},
  author = {Bin Yang},
  journal = {Signal Processing, IEEE Transactions on},
  year = {1995},
  month = {jan},
  number = {1},
  pages = {95 -107},
  volume = {43},
  doi = {10.1109/78.365290},
  issn = {1053-587X},
  keywords = {algorithms;computational complexity;eigencomponents;high-resolution methods;input vector dimension;projection approximation subspace tracking;recursive least squares;signal processing applications;signal subspace;simulation results;subspace estimation;subspace tracking methods;unconstrained minimization problem;computational complexity;least squares approximations;minimisation;recursive estimation;signal resolution;tracking;},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2012.10.22}
}
@article{Yang2006,
  author = {Jian Yang and Hongsheng Xi and Feng Yang and Yu Zhao},
  journal = {Signal Processing, IEEE Transactions on},
  title = {RLS-based adaptive algorithms for generalized eigen-decomposition},
  year = {2006},
  issn = {1053-587X},
  month = {april},
  number = {4},
  pages = {1177 - 1188},
  volume = {54},
  abstract = {The aim of this paper is to develop efficient online adaptive algorithms for the generalized eigen-decomposition problem which arises in a variety of modern signal processing applications. First, we reinterpret the generalized eigen-decomposition problem as an unconstrained minimization problem by constructing a novel cost function. Second, by applying projection approximation method and recursive least-square (RLS) technique to the cost function, a parallel adaptive algorithm for a basis for the r-dimensional (r>0) dominant generalized eigen-subspace and a sequential algorithm based on deflation technique for the first r-dominant generalized eigenvectors are derived. These algorithms can be viewed as counterparts of the extended projection approximation subspace tracking (PAST) and PASTd algorithms, respectively. Furthermore, we modify the parallel algorithm to explicitly estimate the first r-generalized eigenvectors in parallel, not the generalized eigen-subspace. More important, the modified parallel algorithm can be used to extract multiple generalized eigenvectors of two nonstationary sequences, while the proposed sequential algorithm lacks this ability because of slow convergence of minor generalized eigenvectors due to error propagation of the deflation technique. Third, following convergence analysis methods for PAST and PASTd, we prove the asymptotic convergence properties of the proposed algorithms. Finally, computer simulations are performed to investigate the accuracy and the speed advantages of the proposed algorithms.},
  doi = {10.1109/TSP.2005.863040},
  keywords = {RLS-based adaptive algorithms; convergence analysis methods; cost function; deflation technique; generalized eigen-decomposition; nonstationary sequences; online adaptive algorithms; projection approximation subspace tracking; recursive least-square technique; sequential algorithm; adaptive signal processing; convergence of numerical methods; eigenvalues and eigenfunctions; least squares approximations; recursive estimation;},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2012.10.22}
}
@article{Yellin1999,
  title = {{Multichannel system identification and deconvolution: performance bounds}},
  author = {Yellin, D. and Friedlander, B.},
  journal = {{IEEE} Trans. Signal Processing},
  year = {1999},
  number = {5},
  pages = {1410--1414},
  volume = {47},
  doi = {10.1109/78.757233},
  issn = {1053-587X},
  keywords = {MIMO systems, deconvolution, parameter estimation, probability, signal reconstruction, CRLB, Cramer-Rao lower bound, MIMO linear system, closed-form asymptotic expressions, deconvolution, input probability density functions, input signals observation, location parameter, mean, multi-input multi-output linear system, multichannel system identification, nonGaussian system inputs, parameter estimation, performance bounds, scale parameter, signal reconstruction performance, standard deviation},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2008.07.23}
}
@inproceedings{Yellin1996,
  title = {Blind multi-channel system identification and deconvolution: performance bounds},
  author = {Yellin, D. and Friedlander, B.},
  booktitle = {Proc. No.96TB10004 th IEEE Signal Processing Workshop on (Cat Statistical Signal and Array Processing},
  year = {1996},
  pages = {582--585},
  doi = {10.1109/SSAP.1996.534944},
  keywords = {MIMO systems, deconvolution, equalisers, linear systems, parameter estimation, probability, signal reconstruction, telecommunication channels, CRLB, Cramer-Rao lower bound, MIMO linear system, blind multichannel system identification, block diagonal structure, closed-form asymptotic expressions, deconvolution performance, diagonal elements equalization, identification performance, input probability density functions, input recovery, location parameters, lower bounds, multichannel system deconvolution, multiinput multioutput linear system, parameter estimation, performance bounds, signal reconstruction performance, signal separation, system output observations, system parameters},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2008.07.23}
}
@article{Young1963,
  title = {On the Representation of Electrocardiograms},
  author = {Young, T. Y. and Huggins, W. H.},
  journal = {Bio-medical Electronics, IEEE Transactions on},
  year = {1963},
  month = july,
  number = {3},
  pages = {86 -95},
  volume = {10},
  doi = {10.1109/TBMEL.1963.4322805},
  issn = {0096-0616}
}
@article{Zappasodi2001,
  title = {Detection of fetal auditory evoked responses by means of magnetoencephalography},
  author = {Filippo Zappasodi and Franca Tecchio and Vittorio Pizzella and Emanuele Cassetta and Giuseppe V Romano and Giancarlo Filligoi and Paolo M Rossini},
  journal = {Brain Research},
  year = {2001},
  number = {2},
  pages = {167 - 173},
  volume = {917},
  doi = {10.1016/S0006-8993(01)02901-8},
  issn = {0006-8993},
  keywords = {Magnetoencephalography},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2012.10.22},
  url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006899301029018}
}
@article{Zarzoso01,
  title = {Noninvasive fetal electrocardiogram extraction: blind separation versus adaptive noise cancellation},
  author = {Zarzoso, V. and Nandi, A.K.},
  journal = {Biomedical Engineering, IEEE Transactions on},
  year = {2001},
  month = {January},
  number = {1},
  pages = {12-18},
  volume = {48},
  abstract = {The problem of the fetal electrocardiogram (FECG) extraction from maternal skin electrode measurements can be modeled from the perspective of blind source separation (BSS). Since no comparison between BSS techniques and other signal processing methods has been made, the authors compare a BSS procedure based on higher-order statistics and Widrow's multireference adaptive noise cancelling approach. As a best-case scenario for this latter method, optimal Wiener-Hopf solutions are considered. Both procedures are applied to real multichannel ECG recordings obtained from a pregnant woman. The experimental outcomes demonstrate the more robust performance of the blind technique and, in turn, verify the validity of the BSS model in this important biomedical application},
  doi = {10.1109/10.900244},
  issn = {0018-9294},
  keywords = {adaptive signal processing, electrocardiography, feature extraction, medical signal processing, noise, obstetricsWidrow's multireference adaptive noise cancelling approach, blind separation, electrodiagnostics, higher-order statistics, maternal skin electrode measurements, noninvasive fetal electrocardiogram extraction, optimal Wiener-Hopf solutions, pregnant woman, real multichannel ECG recordings, signal processing methods}
}
@inproceedings{Zarzoso99,
  title = {Comparison between blind separation and adaptive noise cancellation techniques for fetal electrocardiogram extraction},
  author = {V. Zarzoso and A. K. Nandi},
  booktitle = {IEE Colloq. Medical Applications for Signal Processing},
  year = {1999},
  pages = {1/1-1/6},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2008.04.29}
}
@article{Zarzoso97,
  title = {{Maternal and fetal ECG separation using blind source separation methods}},
  author = {V. Zarzoso and A. K. Nandi and E. Bacharakis},
  journal = {IMA J. Math. Appl. Med. Biol},
  year = {1997},
  pages = {207--225},
  volume = {14},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2008.04.29}
}
@article{zhang2014bioelectric,
  title = {Bioelectric signal detrending using smoothness prior approach},
  author = {Zhang, Fan and Chen, Shixiong and Zhang, Haoshi and Zhang, Xiufeng and Li, Guanglin},
  journal = {Medical engineering \& physics},
  year = {2014},
  number = {8},
  pages = {1007--1013},
  volume = {36},
  publisher = {Elsevier}
}
@inproceedings{Zhang2005,
  title = {A new pretreatment approach of eliminating abnormal data in discrete time series},
  author = {Zhang, Jun and Zhang, Jun and Wang, Hong},
  booktitle = {Proc. IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium IGARSS '05},
  year = {2005},
  editor = {Wang, Hong},
  pages = {4 pp.--},
  volume = {1},
  doi = {10.1109/IGARSS.2005.1526263},
  keywords = {data analysis, geophysical signal processing, geophysical techniques, remote sensing, time series, abnormal data elimination, cluster abnormal data, discrete time series, iterative calculation procedure, pretreatment approach, robust estimation, robust weighted average},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2008.01.29}
}
@article{zhang1998analysis,
  title = {Analysis-synthesis of the phonocardiogram based on the matching pursuit method},
  author = {Zhang, Xuan and Durand, L-G and Senhadji, Lotfi and Lee, Howard C and Coatrieux, J-L},
  journal = {Biomedical Engineering, IEEE Transactions on},
  year = {1998},
  number = {8},
  pages = {962--971},
  volume = {45},
  publisher = {IEEE}
}
@article{Zhang2006,
  title = {Extraction of temporally correlated sources with its application to non-invasive fetal electrocardiogram extraction},
  author = {Zhi-Lin Zhang and Zhang Yi},
  journal = {Neurocomputing},
  year = {2006},
  number = {7-9},
  pages = {894--899},
  volume = {69},
  bibsource = {DBLP, http://dblp.uni-trier.de},
  ee = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neucom.2005.08.004}
}
@article{Zhao2002,
  title = {Simultaneity of foetal heart rate acceleration and foetal trunk movement determined by foetal magnetocardiogram actocardiography},
  author = {Zhao, Hui and Wakai, Ronald T},
  journal = {Physics in medicine and biology},
  year = {2002},
  number = {5},
  pages = {839},
  volume = {47},
  owner = {sameni},
  publisher = {IOP Publishing},
  timestamp = {2016.10.01}
}
@inproceedings{Zhao2008,
  title = {{Incremental Common Spatial Pattern algorithm for BCI}},
  author = {Qibin Zhao and Liqing Zhang and A. Cichocki and Jie Li},
  booktitle = {Neural Networks, 2008. IJCNN 2008. (IEEE World Congress on Computational Intelligence). IEEE International Joint Conference on},
  year = {2008},
  month = {june},
  pages = {2656 -2659},
  abstract = {A major challenge in applying machine learning methods to Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs) is to overcome the on-line non-stationarity of the data blocks. An effective BCI system should be adaptive to and robust against the dynamic variations in brain signals. One solution to it is to adapt the model parameters of BCI system online. However, CSP is poor at adaptability since it is a batch type algorithm. To overcome this, in this paper, we propose the Incremental Common Spatial Pattern (ICSP) algorithm which performs the adaptive feature extraction on-line. This method allows us to perform the online adjustment of spatial filter. This procedure helps the BCI system robust to possible non-stationarity of the EEG data. We test our method to data from BCI motor imagery experiments, and the results demonstrate the good performance of adaptation of the proposed algorithm.},
  doi = {10.1109/IJCNN.2008.4634170},
  issn = {1098-7576},
  keywords = {EEG data;adaptive feature extraction;batch type algorithm;brain signals;brain-computer interfaces;incremental common spatial pattern algorithm;machine learning methods;spatial filter online adjustment;brain-computer interfaces;electroencephalography;feature extraction;learning (artificial intelligence);pattern classification;},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2012.10.22}
}
@article{zhu2014crowd,
  title = {{Crowd-sourced annotation of ECG signals using contextual information}},
  author = {Zhu, Tingting and Johnson, Alistair EW and Behar, Joachim and Clifford, Gari D},
  journal = {Annals of biomedical engineering},
  year = {2014},
  number = {4},
  pages = {871--884},
  volume = {42},
  publisher = {Springer}
}
@incollection{ziehe1998tdsep,
  title = {TDSEP?an efficient algorithm for blind separation using time structure},
  author = {Ziehe, Andreas and M{\"u}ller, Klaus-Robert},
  booktitle = {ICANN 98},
  publisher = {Springer},
  year = {1998},
  pages = {675--680}
}
@article{Zigel2000,
  author = {Zigel, Y. and Cohen, A. and Katz, A.},
  journal = {Biomedical Engineering, IEEE Transactions on},
  title = {ECG signal compression using analysis by synthesis coding},
  year = {2000},
  issn = {0018-9294},
  month = {oct.},
  number = {10},
  pages = {1308 -1316},
  volume = {47},
  abstract = {An electrocardiogram (ECG) compression algorithm, called analysis by synthesis ECG compressor (ASEC), is introduced. The ASEC algorithm is based on analysis by synthesis coding, and consists of a beat codebook, long and short-term predictors, and an adaptive residual quantizer. The compression algorithm uses a defined distortion measure in order to efficiently encode every heartbeat, with minimum bit rate, while maintaining a predetermined distortion level. The compression algorithm was implemented and tested with both the percentage rms difference (PRD) measure and the recently introduced weighted diagnostic distortion (WDD) measure. The compression algorithm has been evaluated with the MIT-BIH Arrhythmia Database. A mean compression rate of approximately 100 bits/s (compression ratio of about 30:1) has been achieved with a good reconstructed signal quality (WDD below 4% and PRD below 8%). The ASEC was compared with several well-known ECG compression algorithms and was found to be superior at all tested bit rates. A mean opinion score (MOS) test was also applied. The testers were three independent expert cardiologists. As In the quantitative test, the proposed compression algorithm was found to be superior to the other tested compression algorithms.},
  doi = {10.1109/10.871403},
  keywords = {ECG signal compression;MIT-BIH Arrhythmia Database;adaptive residual quantizer;analysis by synthesis coding;beat codebook;bit rate;electrodiagnostics;percentage rms difference measure;reconstructed signal quality;adaptive signal processing;data compression;electrocardiography;encoding;medical signal processing;Algorithms;Arrhythmias, Cardiac;Databases as Topic;Electrocardiography;Humans;Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted;}
}
@article{Zuckerwar1993,
  title = {Development of a piezopolymer pressure sensor for a portable fetal heart rate monitor},
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  year = {1993},
  number = {9},
  pages = {963--969},
  volume = {40},
  doi = {10.1109/10.245618},
  editor = {Pretlow, R.A.},
  issn = {0018-9294},
  keywords = {acoustic signal processing, biomedical equipment, biomedical measurement, biomedical ultrasonics, calibration, cardiology, patient monitoring, piezoelectric transducers, polymer films, portable instruments, pressure sensors, acceleration cancellation, acoustic signature, acoustical isolation, electrical isolation, electrical shielding, frequency spectrum, in vitro sensor calibration, localization, nonstress test recordings, phonography, piezopolymer pressure sensor, portable fetal heart rate monitor, sensitivity, signal amplitude, signal detection},
  owner = {Reza Sameni},
  timestamp = {2008.05.04}
}
@book{Bro00,
  title = {{The Biomedical Engineering Handbook}},
  editor = {J. Bronzino},
  publisher = {CRC Press, Inc.},
  year = {2000},
  edition = {Second}
}
@book{CA03,
  title = {{Adaptive Blind Signal and Image Processing}},
  editor = {A. Cichocki and S. Amari},
  publisher = {John Wiley \& Sons Inc.},
  year = {2003}
}
@book{CRE01,
  title = {{Geometric Modeling with Splines}},
  editor = {E. Cohen and R. F. Riesenfeld and G. Elber},
  publisher = {A K Peters Ltd.},
  year = {2001}
}
@book{Gel74,
  title = {{Applied Optimal Estimation}},
  editor = {A. Gelb},
  publisher = {MIT Press},
  year = {1974}
}
@book{GWA01,
  title = {{Global Positioning Systems, Inertial Navigation, and Integration}},
  editor = {M. S. Grewal and L. R. Weill and A. P. Andrews},
  publisher = {John Wiley \& Sons Inc.},
  year = {2001}
}
@book{Guy96,
  title = {{Textbook of Medical Physiology}},
  editor = {A. C Guyton and J.E Hall},
  publisher = {W. B. Saunders Co.},
  year = {1996},
  edition = {Ninth}
}
@book{Hay01,
  title = {{Kalman Filtering and Neural Networks}},
  editor = {S. Haykin},
  publisher = {John Wiley \& Sons Inc.},
  year = {2001}
}
@book{Malmivuo1995,
  title = {{Bioelectromagnetism, Principles and Applications of Bioelectric and Biomagnetic Fields}},
  editor = {J. A. Malmivuo and R. Plonsey},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1995},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2012.10.22},
  url = {http://butler.cc.tut.fi/~malmivuo/bem/bembook}
}
@book{Tomkins93,
  title = {Biomedical Digital Signal Processing: C Language Examples and Laboratory Experiments for the IBM PC},
  editor = {W. J. Tompkins},
  publisher = {Prentice Hall},
  year = {1993},
  address = {Englewood Cliffs, NJ}
}
@book{Webster1998,
  title = {{Medical Instrumentation: Application and Design}},
  editor = {J. G. Webster},
  publisher = {John Wiley \& Sons},
  year = {1998},
  edition = {Third},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2008.05.12}
}
@book{Wladimiroff96,
  title = {{Ultrasound and the Fetal Heart}},
  editor = {J.W. Wladimiroff and G. Pilu},
  publisher = {Parthenon Publishing},
  year = {1996},
  address = {New York, NY},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2008.04.29}
}
@manual{MIT-BIH3,
  title = {{The PTB Diagnostic ECG Database}},
  organization = {Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB)},
  url = {http://www.physionet.org/physiobank/database/ptbdb/}
}
@manual{MIT-BIHArrhythmia,
  title = {{The MIT-BIH Arrhythmia Database}},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2015.10.16},
  url = {http://www.physionet.org/physiobank/database/mitdb/}
}
@manual{MIT-BIHNoiseStress,
  title = {{The MIT-BIH Noise Stress Test Database}},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2012.10.22},
  url = {http://www.physionet.org/physiobank/database/nstdb/}
}
@manual{MIT-BIHNormalSinus,
  title = {{The MIT-BIH Normal Sinus Rhythm Database}},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2012.10.22},
  url = {http://www.physionet.org/physiobank/database/nsrdb/}
}
@manual{MIT-BIHPTB,
  title = {{The MIT-BIH PTB Diagnosis Database}},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2012.10.22},
  url = {http://www.physionet.org/physiobank/database/ptbdb/}
}
@manual{SCII,
  title = {{Scientific Computing and Imaging Institute}},
  url = {http://www.sci.utah.edu/index.html}
}
@manual{WikipediaCoD,
  title = {Curse of dimensionality},
  organization = {Wikipedia},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2008.04.11},
  url = {http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curse_of_dimensionality}
}
@manual{WikipediaCTG,
  title = {Cardiotocograph},
  organization = {Wikipedia},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2008.04.11},
  url = {http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiotocograph}
}
@manual{WikipediaSQUID,
  title = {Superconducting Quantum Interference Devices (SQUID)},
  organization = {Wikipedia},
  url = {http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQUID}
}
@manual{JABESStethoscopes,
  title = {Electronic Stethoscopes},
  organization = {JABES},
  year = {2014},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2014.08.20},
  url = {www.jabes-stethoscopes.eu/}
}
@manual{SPC,
  title = {Signal Processing Center},
  organization = {Shiraz University},
  year = {2014},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2014.08.20},
  url = {http://spc.shirazu.ac.ir}
}
@misc{PauliMiettinen,
  title = {{Pauli Miettinen's Homepage}},
  year = {2010},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2010.09.27},
  url = {http://www.cs.helsinki.fi/u/pamietti/}
}
@manual{AHA2008,
  title = {Congenital Heart Defects in Children Fact Sheet},
  organization = {American Heart Association},
  year = {2008},
  owner = {Reza Sameni},
  timestamp = {2008.05.04},
  url = {http://www.americanheart.org/children}
}
@manual{Britannica,
  title = {{Phonocardiography}},
  organization = {Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc.},
  year = {2008},
  owner = {sameni},
  timestamp = {2008.04.11},
  url = {http://www.britannica.com/}
}
@manual{PubMed,
  title = {{PubMed}},
  note = {{A service of the U.S. National Library of Medicine and the National Institutes of Health}},
  organization = {The U.S. National Library of Medicine and the National Institutes of Health},
  year = {2008},
  url = {http://www.pubmed.gov/}
}
@manual{CadioCons2006,
  title = {Physiology},
  organization = {{Cardiovascular Consultants}},
  year = {2006},
  owner = {Reza Sameni},
  timestamp = {2008.05.11},
  url = {http://www.cardioconsult.com/Physiology/}
}
@manual{Mar05,
  title = {Congenital Heart Defects},
  organization = {March of Dimes},
  year = {2005},
  owner = {Reza Sameni},
  timestamp = {2008.05.04},
  url = {http://www.marchofdimes.com/professionals/14332_1212.asp}
}
@manual{CancerWEB,
  title = {CancerWEB},
  organization = {Centre for Cancer Education, University of Newcastle upon Tyne},
  year = {1998},
  owner = {Reza Sameni},
  timestamp = {2008.05.24},
  url = {http://cancerweb.ncl.ac.uk/}
}
@article{JamshidianSameni2018,
  author = {Fahimeh Jamshidian-Tehrani and Reza Sameni},
  title = {Fetal {ECG} extraction from time-varying and low-rank noninvasive maternal abdominal recordings},
  journal = {Physiological Measurement},
  year = {2018},
  month = {Nov},
  publisher = {{IOP} Publishing},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6579/aaef5d}
}
@article{JamshidianSameniJutten2019,
  author = {Fahimeh {Jamshidian-Tehrani} and Reza {Sameni} and Christian {Jutten}},
  journal = {IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering},
  title = {{Temporally Nonstationary Component Analysis; Application to Noninvasive Fetal Electrocardiogram Extraction}},
  year = {2020},
  volume = {67},
  number = {5},
  pages = {1377--1386},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TBME.2019.2936943}
}
@article{ZollanvariJamesSameni2019,
  author = {Zollanvari, Amin
and James, Alex Pappachen
and Sameni, Reza},
  title = {A Theoretical Analysis of the Peaking Phenomenon in Classification},
  journal = {Journal of Classification},
  year = {2019},
  month = {Jul},
  day = {11},
  abstract = {In this work, we analytically study the peaking phenomenon in the context of linear discriminant analysis in the multivariate Gaussian model under the assumption of a common known covariance matrix. The focus is finite-sample setting where the sample size and observation dimension are comparable. Therefore, in order to study the phenomenon in such a setting, we use an asymptotic technique whereby the number of sample points is kept comparable in magnitude to the dimensionality of observations. The analysis provides a more thorough picture of the phenomenon. In particular, the analysis shows that as long as the Relative Cumulative Efficacy of an additional Feature set (RCEF) is greater (less) than the size of this set, the expected error of the classifier constructed using these additional features will be less (greater) than the expected error of the classifier constructed without them. Our result highlights underlying factors of the peaking phenomenon relative to the classifier used in this study and, at the same time, calls into question the classical wisdom around the peaking phenomenon.},
  issn = {1432-1343},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s00357-019-09327-3}
}
@article{sameni2020mathematical,
  title = {{Mathematical modeling of epidemic diseases; a case study of the COVID-19 coronavirus}},
  author = {Sameni, Reza},
  journal = {arXiv preprint},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2003.11371},
  year = {2020}
}
@article{sameni2021modelbased,
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1109/jstsp.2021.3129118},
  year = {2022},
  month = feb,
  publisher = {Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ({IEEE})},
  volume = {16},
  number = {2},
  pages = {307--317},
  author = {Reza Sameni},
  title = {Model-Based Prediction and Optimal Control of Pandemics by Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions},
  journal = {{IEEE} Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing}
}
@article{BahramiRad2021,
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0259916},
  year = {2021},
  month = nov,
  publisher = {Public Library of Science ({PLoS})},
  volume = {16},
  number = {11},
  pages = {e0259916},
  author = {Ali Bahrami Rad and Conner Galloway and Daniel Treiman and Joel Xue and Qiao Li and Reza Sameni and Dave Albert and Gari D. Clifford},
  editor = {Felix Albu},
  title = {{Atrial fibrillation detection in outpatient electrocardiogram monitoring: An algorithmic crowdsourcing approach}},
  journal = {{PLOS} {ONE}}
}
@article{Hegde2022,
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1109/jstsp.2022.3145622},
  year = {2022},
  month = feb,
  publisher = {Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ({IEEE})},
  volume = {16},
  number = {2},
  pages = {289--299},
  author = {Chaitra Hegde and Ali Bahrami Rad and Reza Sameni and Gari David Clifford},
  title = {Modeling Social Distancing and Quantifying Epidemic Disease Exposure in a Built Environment},
  journal = {{IEEE} Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing}
}
@article{Grooby2022,
  doi = {10.1109/access.2022.3144355},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3144355},
  year = {2022},
  publisher = {Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ({IEEE})},
  volume = {10},
  pages = {10934--10948},
  author = {E. Grooby and C. Sitaula and D. Fattahi and R. Sameni and K. Tan and L. Zhou and A. King and A. Ramanathan and A. Malhotra and G. A. Dumont and F. Marzbanrad},
  title = {{Real-Time Multi-Level Neonatal Heart and Lung Sound Quality Assessment for Telehealth Applications}},
  journal = {{IEEE} Access}
}
@article{Oliveira2021,
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1109/jbhi.2021.3137048},
  year = {2021},
  publisher = {Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ({IEEE})},
  pages = {1--1},
  author = {Jorge Henrique Oliveira and Francesco Renna and Paulo Costa and Diogo Nogueira and Cristina Oliveira and Carlos Ferreira and Alipio Jorge and Sandra Mattos and Thameni Hatem and Thiago Tavares and Andoni Elola and Ali Rad and Reza Sameni and Gari D. Clifford and Miguel Tavares Coimbra},
  title = {The {CirCor} {DigiScope} Dataset: From Murmur Detection to Murmur Classification},
  journal = {{IEEE} Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics}
}
@misc{katebi2020deep,
  title = {Deep Sequence Learning for Accurate Gestational Age Estimation from a $\$$25 Doppler Device},
  author = {Nasim Katebi and Reza Sameni and Gari D. Clifford},
  year = {2020},
  eprint = {2012.00553},
  archiveprefix = {arXiv},
  primaryclass = {eess.SP}
}
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